意大利的英语
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2023年2月19日发(作者：)Rome（Italy）意大利罗马
There\'snoescapingit：relayersofthestuff-
Etruscan（伊特鲁里亚的）tombs，Republicanmeetingrooms，Imperialtemples，early
Christianchurches，medievalbelltowers，Renaissance（文艺复兴）palacesand
baroquebasilicas（长方形基督教堂）。Inthiscityaphenomenalconcentrationof
history，legendandmonumentscoexists（共存）withanequallyphenomenal
\'shardtosaywhat
you\'llfindmostbreathtaking（惊人的）abouttheeternalcity-thearrogantopulence
oftheVatican（梵蒂冈）orthetimelessness（永恒）oftheForum（古罗马广场）。
RomeishalfwaydownItaly\'swesterncoast，\'savastcity，
themajorsightsarewithinareasonable
，forinstance，possibletowalkfromthe
Colosseum（罗马圆形大剧场），throughtheForum，uptoPiazzadiSpagna（西班牙
广场）andacrosstotheVaticaninoneday，butyouwouldn\'
majormonumentsarewestofthetrainstation，t
canbeenjoyabletogetoffthebeatentrack（平坦的路）inRome，itcanalsobevery
frustratingandtime-consuming.
Mostofthebudget（便宜的）placestostayareclusteredaroundStazione
Termini；thisareaisrifewithpickpockets（扒手）andgangsofthievingchildren，so
beware-doyourbesttolooklikeyouknowwhereyou\'lyslightlymore
expensiveanddefinitelymoreenjoyabletostayclosertothecitycentre.
Rome\'smildclimatemakesitvisitableyear-round；however，springandautumn
arewithoutdoubtthebesttimestovisit，withgenerallysunnyskiesandmild
unately，thesetimesarealsothepeaktouristseason，whenthe
tourbusespourin（川流不息的涌入）
andAugustareunpleasantlyhot，andRomanstraditionallydesertthestiflinglyhot
cityinAugust，withmanybusinessesclosing；
DecembertoFebruarythereisbrisklycoldweather，althoughit\'srarelygreyand
gloomy.
Events-wise，Italy\'scalendarburstsyear-roundwithculturaleventsranging
fromcolourfultraditionalcelebrationswithareligiousandtraditionalflavour，
isdefinitelythebesttimetovisitifyouwantto
catchthebestofthefestivals；however，theRomaeuropafestivalisnowafeature
oftheautumncalendar，theRomaoperaseasonrunsfromDecemberuntilJuneand
theclassicalandcontemporarymusicsceneislivelyallyearround.
Milan（Italy）米兰（意大利）
Thehard－workingMilanese（米兰人）runtheirbusymetropoliswithefficiencyand
aplomb（沉着、冷静）。Itisthecountry\'seconomicengineroom，hometoItaly\'sstock
marketandbusinesscentres．Thisstylishcityisalsotheworld\'sdesigncapitaland
rivalsParisasaleadingfashioncentre．
Milanisallaboutworldlypleasures．Shoppingisofalmostreligious
significance．Theatreandcinemaflourishinthisfashionablemilieu（环境），asdoes
ahoppingclubsceneandaslewoftemptingrestaurants．Apartfromafewgems，the
cityisnotrenownedforitslooks；it\'sthelifestylethatcounts．
Milanisasprawlingmetropolis，butmostofitsattractionsareconcentratedin
thecitycentre，betweentheduomo（大教堂）（cathedral）andtheCastelloSforzesco
（斯弗克斯可城堡）。Theduomoisbestplacetobeginexploringthecityandiswithin
strollingdistanceofdozensofhistoricsites．
Apartfromthecitycenter，anotherareadeservingyourattentionistheBrera，
immediatelynorthoftheduomo，withitsposhgalleriesandfashionableshopping
streets．
MilanissaidtohavebeenfoundedbyCeltictribes（凯尔特部落），whosettled
alongthePoriverinthe7thcenturyBC．In222BC，Romanlegionsmarchedintothe
territory，defeatedthelocalsandoccupiedthetown，whichtheycalledMediolanum
（middleoftheplain）。Thecity\'skeypositiononthetraderouteslinkingRomewith
northwesternEuropeensureditscontinuedprosperity，anditwasherein313ADthat
ConstantineI（君士坦丁一世，拜占庭帝国皇帝）madehismomentousedictgranting
Christiansfreedomofworship．
Thecityenduredcenturiesofchaoscausedbywavesofbarbarianinvasions．It
formedacommune（towncouncil）inthe11thcentury，leadingthecityintoaperiod
ofrapidgrowth．Perhapsbecauseofthissuccess，thecitydidnotgetalongwellwith
itsneighbors．
Fromthemid－13thcentury，thecitywasgovernedbyasuccessionofimportant
families：theTorrianis，theViscontisandtheSforzas．Underthelatterdynasties，
Milanenjoyedconsiderablewealthandpower．ThecitycameunderSpanishrulein
1535andwasgiventoAustriain1713aspartoftheTreatyofUtrecht（乌特勒克条约）。
Austrianpower－brokerMariaTheresalefthermarkonthecity；thefacadesofLa
ScalaandthePalazzoRealremainherfavoriteshadeofyellow．NapoleonmadeMilan
thecapitalofhisCisalpineRepublicin1797andhisItalianRepublicfiveyears
later．IthostedhiscoronationasKingofItalyin1805．Austriaregainedcontrolof
thecityfrom1814－1859．Itwasn\'tlongbeforetroopsunderVictorEmmanuelIIand
NapoleonIIIwipeduptheAustrianforcesattheBattleofMagenta．Milanwas
incorporatedintotheKingdomofItalyin1860．
DuringWWIIcentralMilanwasheavilybombed，andtheoperahouseinparticular
wasblowntosmithereens（碎屑）。Fittingly，Mussolini\'scareeralsoendedinMilan
－hiscorpsewashungupsidedownfromtheroofofapetrolstationonPiazzale
Loretoafterhewasshottryingtofleethecountry．
Thepost－warindustrialboom－ledbycarmanufacturing－andgreater
accesstonorthernEuropeviathenewAlpinetunnelsledtoaspurtofgrowth
accompaniedbyindustrialunrest．TheRedBrigadesterrorisedMilanandother
centresofindustrythroughoutthe1970s．Inthe1990s，localpoliticaleliteswere
tornapartbykickbackscandalsthatwenttothetopoftheregion\'spolitical，
administrativeandcommercialelites．ExtremistpartiessuchasthenationalistLega
Nordbenefittedfromtheresultantpoliticalvacuum．
OrganisedcrimecontinuestobetheperpetualscourgeofMilaneseciviclife．In
January1999，ninepeopleweremurderedinnineconsecutivedays，promptingthe
MilanesemayortoadoptaNewYork－style\'zerotolerance\'policy．Itdidlittleto
discouragethecriminals－inDecember2000，abombwasdiscoveredontheroofof
Milan\'sDuomo．
In2002，asmallplanecrashedintothe25thfloorofthecity\'s30－storeyPirelli
skyscraperbuilding，killingtwolawyersinside．