最强中学
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2023年2月16日发(作者：)1
中学语法之《宾语从句》
一、宾语从句基本概念：
在主从复合句中，在主句中担任宾语成分的从句，我们把它称之为宾语从句。宾语从句的类型一共有3种：
1、作及物动词的宾语从句：
Weallknow(that)successcallsforhardwork.我们都知道成功需要付出艰辛的劳动。
Weknew(that)hehadmadeamistake.我们知道他犯了一个错误。
2、作介词的宾语从句：
Wearetalkaboutwhetherwecangetthechance.我们再讨论我们是否可以得到这个机会。
Ican’tfindoutwhythemachinedoesn’tworkwell.我不能找出机器不能运转的原因。
3、在某些be+形容词的结构后面也可以跟宾语从句：
如sure，certain，glad，pleased，happy，afraid，surprised，sorry等。
IamsurethatIhavepostedtheletter.我的确把那封信寄了。
Iamafraidthatyouareright.恐怕你是对的。
二、宾语从句的语序和时态：
1、宾语从句的语序——在宾语从句中需要运用陈述句语序。如：
Heaskedmewheretheywereborn.他问我他们出生在哪里。
Doyourememberwhatyoushoulddonext?你记得你接下来应该做什么吗？
2、宾语从句的时态(‘时态的呼应’)——宾语从句中的谓语动词的时态常受到主句中谓语动词时态的影响。
因此，要注意保持主句和从句间时态的一致。
（1）当主句是现在的某种时态，从句可用所需要的任何时态。如：
HesaysthatLilyis(willbe/was)adoctor.他说莉莉是（将要成为/过去是）医生。
I’lltellyouwhatIamdoing(did/shalldo).我将要告诉你我正在做（过去做/将要做）什么。
（2）如果主句是过去的某种时态，宾语从句的时态就比较复杂。
1）从句用一般过去时或过去进行时表示与主句谓语动作同时发生。如：
Ithoughthewasold.我认为他老了。
Hewantedtoknowwhoshewaswaitingfor.他想知道她在等谁。
2）从句的谓语动词表示在主句动作之前完成的动作，则用过去完成时（haddone）。
Hesaidthathehadfinishedreadingthebook.他说他看完了这本书。
3）从句的谓语动词表示在主句动作之后发生的动作，则用过去将来时(woulddo/was、weregoingtodo)。如：
Shesaidthatshewasgoingtobuyanewbikenextweek.她说她下个星期要去买一辆新自行车。
Iwasn’tsureifitwouldrain.我没有把握确定天是否会下雨。
4）从句表示普通真理时，其谓语动词用一般现在时(从句动词时态不受主句动词时态的影响)。如：
Theteachertoldusthemoontravelsroundtheearth.老师告诉我们，月亮绕地球转。
3、宾语从句中的否定转移——当主句主语是I和We，主句谓语动词是think，believe，expect，guess等，表示“认
为，相信，期望，猜想“等意思，且时态为一般现在时时，从句的否定一般要转移到主句上。如：
Idon’tbelieveshewilltakepartintheEnglishevening.我相信她不会参加英语晚会。
Idon’tthinkit’syourfault.我认为这不是你的错。
注意：其反意疑问句一般与宾语从句一致(‘结构看从句，语气看主句’)。如：
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Idon’tthinkit’syourfault,__________?
三、宾语从句中的引导词：
1、由that引导的宾语从句——that属于从属连接词，在宾语从句中没有实际意义，只是起引导从语的作用，且宾
语从句不缺任何成分。如：
Thedoctortoldme(that)Ishouldtakemorewaterandthatthingswouldgetbetterverysoon.
医生告诉我要多喝水，情况很快就会好转。
Ibelieve(that)ourteamwillwintomorrow.我相信明天我们队能获胜。
1)Ihear(that)_______________________.(一小时后他会回来)
2)Hesaid(that)______________________.(他非常想念我们)
3)Theteachertoldus(that)___________________________.(地球围着太阳转)
2、由if/whether引导的宾语从句——whether/if在做“是否”解时引导宾语从句，常放在动词know，ask，care，
wonder，findout等之后。在口语中常用if。whether/if在宾语从句中不作任何成分，但含有“是否”的含义，
在句子中不可省略。如：
Idon’tknowwhether/ifthisbikeishers.我不知道这辆自行车是否是她的。
Canyoutellmewhether/ifyourfatherjoinedthePartyin1990?你能告诉我你父亲是不是1990年入党的？
1)Iwanttoknow__________________________________.(他是否跟我们一起去公园)
2)Askhim_____________________.(他是否能来)
3)Idon’tknow___________________________.(是否要下雨)
3、由who、whom、whose、what、which等连接代词引导的宾语从句。如：
Doyouknowwhosechildheis?你知道他是谁的孩子吗？
Iwanttoknowwhichmedicinehehastaken.我要知道他服了哪种药。
Doyourememberwhatyoushoulddonext?你记得你接下来应该做什么吗？
Pleasetellmewhocalledmejustnow.请告诉我刚才谁打电话给我。
Idon’tknowwhomtheyarespeakingto.我不知道他的在跟谁讲话
1)Heasked__________________________.(谁能回答这个问题)
2)Doyouknow_________________________?(他们在等谁)
3)Heasked__________________________________.(谁的书法是班上最好的)
4)Doyouknow______________________？(哪一本是你的书吗)
4、由when、why、where、how等连接副词引导的宾语从句。如：
Heaskedmewheretheywereborn.他问我他们出生在哪里。
Heaskshowwecanhelpprotecttheenvironment.他问我们怎样才能为保护环境出点力。
Ican’tfindoutwhythemachinedoesn’tworkwell.我不能找出这台机器为什么运转不灵。
Didyouasktheteacherwhenwewouldhaveatest?你问老师我们什么时候进行测验了吗？
1)Pleasetellme_______________________.(我们什么时候开会)
2)Canyoutellme_______________?(他在哪儿)
3)Couldyoutellme______________________?(我该怎么去车站)
4)Wouldyoutellme_________________?(为什么火车迟到了)
注意：当主句的主语跟宾语从句的主语一致时，宾语从句还可以变为由连接代词、连接副词引导的“疑问词+不定
式”结构。如：
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Idon’tknowhowIshoulddowiththegifts.=Idon’tknowhowtodowiththegifts.我不知道怎么处理礼物。
四、直接引语变间接引语。
1、直接引语/间接引语：使用引号引出人家的原话，这叫做直接引语。用自己的话把人家的话转述出来，这
叫做间接引语。如：
Johnsaid,“I’mgoingtoLondonwithmyfather.”(直接引语)
→JohnsaidthathewasgoingtoLondonwithhisfather.(间接引语)
2、由直接引语变为间接引语，分以下情况：
1)直接引语是陈述句：
间接引语为that引导的宾语从句（口语中that可以省略），主句的引述动词主要有say，tell，repeat，explain，
think等。如：
Hesaid,“YouareyoungerthanI.”(直接引语)
→Hesaid(that)Iwasyoungerthanhim.(间接引语)
2)直接引语是一般疑问句：
间接引语为陈述语序：主句的谓语动词say改为ask或改为wonder，donotknow，wanttoknow，benotsure，
bepuzzled等。
a.一般疑问句或反意疑问句变为if(whether)引导的宾语从句。
Shesaid,“Doyouoftencomeheretoreadnewspapers?”(直接引语)
→Sheaskedmeif(或whether)Ioftenwenttheretoreadnewspapers.(间接引语)
Sheaskedme,“Youhaveseenthefilm,haven’tyou?”(直接引语)
→Sheaskedmewhether(或if)Ihadseenthefilm.(间接引语)
b.选择疑问句变为whether….or宾语从句。
Iaskedhim,“Willyoustayathomeorgotoafilmtonight?”(直接引语)
→Iaskedhimwhetherhewouldstayathomeorgotoafilmthatnight.(间接引语)
3)直接引语是特殊疑问句：
Heasked,“Wheredoyoulive?”(直接引语)
→HeaskedmewhereIlived.(间接引语)
4)直接引语是祈使句：
间接引语为不定式，作ask，tell，beg，order，warn，advise等动词的宾语补足语(don’t变为not)。
Theteachersaidtotheboy,“Openthewindow.”(直接引语)
→Theteachertoldtheboytoopenthewindow.(间接引语)
Hisfathersaidtohim,“Don’tleavethedooropen.”(直接引语)
→Hisfathertoldhimnottoleavethedooropen.(间接引语)
[注意]
a.有些表示建议、提议、劝告或要求的祈使句，可以用suggest，insist等动词加以转述。例如：
Hesaid,“Let’sgotothetheatre.”(直接引语)
→Hesuggested(our)goingtothetheatre.(间接引语)
或Hesuggestedthatwe(should)gotothetheatre.(间接引语)
b.“Wouldyoumindopeningthewindow?”heasked.(直接引语)
→Heaskedmetoopenthewindow.(间接引语)
“Whydon’tyoutakeawalkaftersupper?”heasked.(直接引语)
→headvisedmetotakeawalkaftersupper.(间接引语)
“Shallwelistentothemusic?”heasked.=(直接引语)
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→Hesuggestedlisteningtothemusic.(间接引语)
5)直接引语是感叹句：
间接引语为what或how引导，也可以用that引导。
Shesaid,“Whatalovelydayitis!”→Shesaidwhatalovelydayitwas.或Shesaidthatitwasalovelyday.
3、间接引语中的时态：
1)如果主句谓语动词为各种现在时或一般将来时，则间接引语中的动词仍保持直接引语原来时态。如果主句谓
语动词为过去时，间接引语中的动词时态按下列变化：
一般现在时→一般过去时
现在进行时→过去进行时
一般将来时→过去将来时
现在完成时→过去完成时
一般过去时→过去完成时
过去完成时→过去完成时
2)注意:
a.如果直接引语是表示客观真理时，变为间接引语，一般现在时不改为一般过去时。如：
Theteachersaid“Theearthgoesroundthesun.”
→Theteachersaidthattheearthgoesroundthesun.
b.如果直接引语中有明确表示过时间的状语，变为间接引语时，一般过去时不改为过去完成时。如：
Hesaidtome,“Iwasbornin1973.”
→Hetoldmethathewasbornin1973.
c.如果直接引语所述事实在当时和目前同样生效，变为间接宾语时，一般现在时不改为一般过去时。如：
Hesaid,“I’maboy,notagirl.”
→Hesaidthatheisaboy,notagirl.
d.如果直接引语中的谓语动词表示一种反复出现或习惯动作，在变为间接引时，一般现在时不改为一般过去
时。如：
Thegirlsaid,“Igetupatsixeverymorning.”
→Thegirlsaidthatshegetsupatsixeverymorning.
e.如果直接引语中含有since，when，while引导的表示过去时间的状语从句，在变为间接引语时，只改变主
句中的谓语动词，从句的一般过去时则不变。如：
Hesaidtome,“IhavetaughtEnglishsincehecamehere.”
→HetoldmethathehadtaughtEnglishsincehecamehere.
f.如果直接引语中含有情态动词must，need，hadbetter以及情态动词的过去式could，might，should，would，
在变为间接引语时，这些情态动词没有时态的改变。例如：
Theteachersaidtome.“Youmustpaymoreattentiontoyourpronunciation.”
→TheteachertoldmethatImust(haveto)paymoreattentiontomypronunciation.
Hesaid,“IcouldswimwhenIwasonlysix.”
→Hesaidthathecouldswimwhenhewasonlysix.
4、代词等也要做相应的变化，变化方法见下表。
thisthese
thesethose
nowthen
todaythatday
thisweek(month,etc)thatweek(month,etc)
yesterdaythedaybefore
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lastweek(month,etc)theweek(month,etc)before
threedays(ayear,etc)agothreedays(ayear,etc)before
tomorrowthenext(following)day
nextweek(month,etc)thenext(following)week(month,etc)
herethere
bringtake
comego
直接引语变间接引语配套练习：
在横线上填上合适的词
aimedhowlovelythehouse___________.
’tknow___________shehadn’thandedinthepaper.
itor___________thefiveofustocleantheflooryesterdayafternoon.
ontoldus___________hisfatherhadjustreturnedfromShanghai.
___________ustohelptheoldwomaninourvillagethatday.
eraskedme___________wasthematterwhenhecameback.
llowalways___________mecleanhisshoesforhim.
dthathe___________inthearmyforthreeyears.
9.--WhatdidAlicesayjustnow?--Shesaidthat___________wouldborrowthatdictionaryformMary.
r___________shecanattendmypartythisevening.
单项选择
ow,thebossorderedJohntohandinhisdesign________.
y
________herifshehadseenhimtherethatafternoon.
angorderedusto________hishouseatonce.
’tunderstand________theyinsistongoingbymotor-bike.
hatthePeople\'sRepublicofChina_______inOctober1,1949.
nded
dtomethat_______mightkeep________bookfortwodays.
;thisB.I;thatC.I;;that
rtochoosetherightone,shefirstaskedme_______Iwanttouseadictionaryfor.
r
ersareaskedtomakesurethatthey_______therightchargebeforeleavingtheshop.
given
houtedthatyou_______yourhomeworkaheadofher.
nished
friendaskedme_______Iknewtodaywasherbirthday.
五、虚拟语气用于宾语从句。
①“wish+宾语从句”表示不能实现的愿望，译为“要是……就好了”等。表示现在不能实现的愿望，从句中的谓语
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动词用一般过去时；表示将来不能实现的愿望，从句中的谓语动词用“would/could+动词原形”；表示过去不能实现
的愿望，从句中的谓语动词用“had+过去分词”或“could(should)+have+过去分词”。如：
Iwishitwerespringalltheyearround.
IwishIhadknowntheanswer.
IwishIcouldflylikeabird.
②在表示建议、要求、命令等的动词suggest，advise，propose，demand，require，insistrequest，command，order
等后的宾语从句中，谓语动词用should+动词原形或是动词原形。如：
Shesuggestedwe(should)leavehereatonce.
Thedoctororderedsheshouldbeoperated.
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中学语法之《宾语从句》过手练习
一、用所给动词的正确形式填空。
iosaysit_________(be)cloudytomorrow.
dmasterhopeseverything______(go)well.
sthatthey____________(play)basketballatsixo’clockyesterdayevening.
hey____________(return)italready.
thatthey_________(be)membersofthePartysince1948.
dwhatthey__________(do)ateightlastnight.
chertoldhisclassthatlight_______(travel)fasterthansound.
you__________(talk)abouttherelayracenow.
’tknowwhomtheletters_________(be)from.
’tknowwhattimehe_______(write)theletter.
ngtoldmethattheearth______(move)roundthesun.
outellmewho_________(take)awaythebookalready?
ngtoldmehe_________(be)thereseveraltimes.
chertoldusinclassthesun_______(rise)intheeast.
tellmewhatthey______(do)yesterday?
urethathe________(go)toschooltomorrow.
nowwho______(be)thefirstmantowalkonthemoon?
outellmewherethepostoffice______(is)?
hersaidthathe_______(will)buyanewcomputer.
hathe_______(swim)intheseayesterday.
tleboytellsuswherehisfather_______(work).
thathe_________(finish)hisworkalready.
oughttheycould_______(hike)tothetopofthemountain.
ladthatsomanypeople_____(help)him.
sn’tknowwhether________(go)orwait.
二、将下面的句子连接成为含有宾语从句的复合句。
.→Hesaid_______theseflowers_______fromGuangdong.
hertoldme.→Myteachertoldme_______light_______fasterthansound.
dn’tknow.
→Jackdidn’tknow_______there______________ameetinginfivedays.
yspeakFrench?Iwanttoknow.→Iwanttoknow____________________________French.
childrenplayinggames?Tellme.→Tellme______thechildren______________games.
ufinishedyourhomeworkyet?kedMaGang.
→kedMaGang___________________________________homeworkyet.
ypeoplecanyouseeinthepicture?Whoknows?
→Whoknows__________________________________________inthepicture?
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idsheparkhercar?Doyouknow?→Doyouknow_____________________hercar?
esheoftentalkabout?Thegirlwondered.→Thegirlwondered______________often_______about.
ckedatthedoorsoloudly?Idon’tknow.→Idon’tknow______________atthedoorsoloudly.
stillliveinthatstreet?Idon’tknow.→Idon’tknow_______hestill_______inthatstreet.
’shisname?Iaskedhim.→Iaskedhimwhat_____________________.
esthetrainarrive?Pleasetellme.→Pleasetellme____________________________.
wantfriedchicken?Heaskedtheboys.→Heaskedtheboys_______they_______friedchicken.
watchmadeinShanghai?Idon’tknow.→Idon’tknow_______thewatch_______madeinShanghai.
三、选词填空。
dme_______hedidn’tgofishingyesterdayafternoon.(how/why)
now_______elseisgoingtobeondutytoday?(who/whom)
d_______itwouldn’tmattermuch.(that/if)
ysthinks_______hecandobetter.(how/who)
ydon’tknow_______thebridgewillbefinished.(howlong/howsoon)
n’tknow_______togoorwait.(if/whether)
alkingabout_______we’llgobacktomorrow.(whether/if)
allysurprisedat_______Isaw.(where/what)
’tknow_______somanypeoplearelookingathim.(how/why)
now_______youarestudyingfor?(why/what)
四、句型转换。
1.“Doyouwanttotryit?”Tom’smotheraskedhim.(同义句)→Tom’smotheraskedhim_______________totryit.
thisisagoodidea.(改为否定句)→I__________this_____agoodidea.
sn’tdecidedwhichtrouserstobuy.(改为复合句)→Lucyhasn’tdecided____________________buy.
’tknowhowIcangettothehospital.(改为简单句)→Idon’tknow_______________tothehospital.
五、宾语从句翻译。
dtoknow_______________________________.(她在和谁交谈)
_______________________________________.(他以前见过我)
3.I’msorryfor__________________________________.(我所做的事)
cherasked______________________________.(谁能回答这个问题)
idthat__________________________________.(她将乘飞机去那里)
dtoknow_______________________________.(她是否有一些钱)
n’tdecided_____________________________.(我们下一步该做什么)
thatEnglishis___________________________.(没有数学难)
9.I’mnotsure___________________________________.(昨天天气是否晴朗)
dme__________________________________.(是如何处理这件事的)
now_________________________________.(是否要下雨)
dtoknow______________________________.(她是否来还是不来)
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六、单项选择。
tercanonlydo_____youhaveinstructedittodo.
oteanarticleon_____theteamhadfailedtowinthegame.
pkeeperdidnotwanttosellfor_____hethoughtwasnotenough.
hediditwasdifferent_____wewereusedto.
ich
eproudlyofhispartinthegame,withoutmentioning_____histeammateshaddone.
anbesure_____inamillionyears.
nwilllooklike
llmanlooklike
llooklikewhat
okwillmanlike
swentuptoask_____.
’ematteris
agerenteredtheofficeandwashappytolearnfourfifthsofthetickets_____.
enbooked
allsurprisedwhenhemadeitclearthathe_____officesoon.
naway
10.--Doyouworkinthelabeveryafternoon?--No,butsometimesIwishI_____.
eto
11.I’veworkedwithchildrenbefore,soIknowwhat_____inmynewjob.
s
idinAustraliathereismorelandthanthegovernmentknows_____.
atwithit
herdidn’tknow_____toblameforthebrokenglassesasithappenedwhileshewasout.
ryoungmanisreadytoaccept_____helphecanget.
er
15._____hashelpedtosavethedrowninggirlisworthpraising.
r
16.I’dappreciate_____ifyouwouldliketoteachmehowtousethecomputer.
17.--Idon’tthinkyoucouldhavebeenusedtothequickpaceoflifewhilestudyingintheUSA,_____you?
--_____.Ithoughtofreturningtoourcountryatonetime.
;;;;No
sworkcompleted,thebusinessmansteppedbacktohisseat,feelingpleased_____hewasamanofaction.
r
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19.--Whatdidyouparentsthinkaboutyourdecision?--Theyalwaysletmedo_____IthinkIshould.(06全国Ⅱ)
remindme_____intimetoseehimoff.(06全国Ⅰ)
eisringingthedoorbellGoandsee_____.(2000上海)
s
22.--Wehaven’theardfromJaneforalongtime.--Whatdoyouconsider_____toher?(NMET1990)
ing
outellme___________?
oyoulive
arewaitingfor
eyouwaitingfor
oulivein
dmethesun______intheeast.
en
’tknow________upsoearlylastSunday.
heget
ets
sheget
ot
agercameuptosee__________.
sthematter
ematterwas
ematteris
\'sthematter
dhisfather_______.
thappens
idithappen
appened
ithappen
ellsus______,soweneedyourhelp.
houlddo
ouldwedo
oit
doit
oupleaseteachme_______thecomputer?
ck
heck
k
hecking
31.--WhatdidMikesay?--Hesaid____________________.
refreethenextweek
lorwasit
therisfine
comesafterspring
ellyou__________________.
histhecar
hdoesthecarcost
hdidIpayforthecar
hIspentonthecar
new_______________.
rhehasfinishedreadingthebook
boyhadsomanyquestions
ere12monthsinayear
eywillleaveforParis