定语从句
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2023年2月12日发(作者：)-1-
英语定语从句用法及配套练习
一、定语从句的概念
在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词，定语从句
一般放在先行词的后面。
二、定语从句的关系词
引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词，常见的关系代词包括that，which，who（宾
格whom，所有格whose）等，关系副词包括where，when，why等。关系代词和关系副词放在
先行词及定语从句之间起连接作用，同时又作定语从句的重要成分。
三、定语从句的分类
根据定语从句与先行词的关系，定语从句可分为限制性定语从句及非限制性定语从句。
1.限制性定语从句紧跟先行词，主句与从句不用逗号分开，从句不可省去，
限制性定语从句是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语，如果去掉的话，主句的意思就不完整，意义
就表述不明。这种句型一般定语从句紧接先行词，
如：Iwastheonlypersoninmyofficewhowasinvited.
2.非限制性定语从句主句与从句之间有逗号分开，起补充说明作用，如省去，意思仍完整。
非限制性定语从句。它与主句的关系不十分密切，只是对其附加说明，也就是讲即便去掉定语从
句，句意也不受影响，仍然清晰明了。这样的定语从句要在它和主句之间加一逗号分开。且关系代词
不引导这种非限制性定语从句，
如：MichaelJaskon，whoisthegreatestsingerintheworld，passedawayin2010.
如：MarylivedinthecityofHongkong，whereusedtobeasmallpoorcountryside.
四、关系代词的用法
既可以用于指人，也可以用于指物。在从句中作主语或宾语，作主语时不可省略，作宾
语可省略。
例如：
Marylikesmusicthatisquietandgentle.玛丽喜欢轻柔的音乐。（that作主语）
Thecoat（that）Iputonthedeskisblue.我放在桌子上的那件外套是蓝色的。（that作宾语）
用于指物，在句中作主语或宾语，作主语不可省略，作宾语可省略。例如：
Thebuildingwhichstandsnearthetrainstationisasupermarket.位于火车站附近的那座大楼
是一家超市。（作主语）
Thefilm（which）wesawlastnightwaswonderful.我们昨天晚上看的那部电影很好看。（作
宾语）
，whom用于指人，who用作主语，whom用作宾语。在口语中，有时可用who代替whom，
也可省略。例如：
ThegirlwhooftenhelpsmewithmyEnglishisfromEngland.经常在英语方面帮助我的那个女
孩是英国人。（作主语）
Whoistheteacher（whom）LiMingistalkingto？正在与李明谈话的老师是谁？（作宾语）
注意：
（1）当定语从句中含有介词，介词放在句末时，who，that，which可省略，但介词在关系代词
前时，只能用“介词+which/whom”结构。例如：
Thisisthehouseinwhichwelivedlastyear.这是我们去年居住的房子。
PleasetellmefromwhomyouborrowedtheEnglishnovel.请告诉我你从谁那借的这本英文小
说。
（2）含有介词的固定动词词组中，介词不可前置，只能放在原来的位置上。例如：
Thisisthepersonwhomyouarelookingfor.这就是你要找的那个人。
（3）that作介词的宾语时，介词不能放它的前面，只能放在从句中动词的后面。例如：
Thecitythatshelivesinisveryfaraway.她居住的城市非常远。
（3）关系词只能用that的情况：
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a.先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰，或本身是序数词、基数词、形容词最高级时，只能
用that，而不用which.例如：
Hewasthefirstpersonthatpassedtheexam.他是第一个通过考试的人。
b.被修饰的先行词为all，any，much，many，everything，anything，none，theone
等不定代词时，只能用that，而不用which.例如：
Isthereanythingthatyouwanttobuyintheshop？你在商店里有什么东西要买吗？
c.先行词被theonly，thevery，thesame，thelast，little，few等词修饰时，只能用
that，而不用which.例如：
ThisisthesamebikethatIlost.这就是我丢的那辆自行车。
d.先行词里同时含有人或物时，只能用that，而不用which.例如：
IcanrememberwellthepersonsandsomepicturesthatIsawintheroom.我能清楚记得我在
那个房间所见到的人和一些照片。
e.以who或which引导的特殊疑问句，为避免重复，只能用that.例如：
Whoisthegirlthatiscrying？正在哭泣的那个女孩是谁？
f.主句是therebe结构，修饰主语的定语从句用that，而不用which.例如：
ThereisabookonthedeskthatbelongstoTom.桌子上那本书是汤姆的。
（4）关系词只能用which，而不用that的情况：
a.先行词为that，those时，用which，而不用that.例如：
What’sthatwhichisunderthedesk？在桌子底下的那些东西是什么？
b.关系代词前有介词时，一般用which，而不用that.例如：
Thisistheroominwhichhelives.这是他居住的房间。
c.引导非限制性定语从句，用which，而不用that.例如：
Tomcameback，whichmadeushappy.汤姆回来了，这使我们很高兴。
五．只用who的情况，指人时有时只用who不宜用that。
1．先行词为one、ones或anyone，everyone，none，all指人时，
（1）ThecomradeIwanttolearnfromistheonewhostudieshardandworkshard.
（2）Anyonewhobreaksthelawshouldbepunished.
2．先行词为these，people或those时
ThesewhoaregoingtoBeijingarethebeststudentsofourschool.
3．在therebe开头的句子中或者先行词是people，those时。
howanttogotherecomehereplease.
4．一个句子中带有两个定语从句，其中一个定语从句的关系代词是that，另一个宜用who，以免
重复。
Thestudentthatwonthefirstprizeisthemonitorwhoworkshards.
5．在非限制性定语从句中，先行词指人时，
Imetafriendofmineinthestreet,whohadjustcomefromJapan
6.定语从句中对指人的先行词进行隔位修饰时，
There\'sonlyonestudentintheschoolwhoIwanttosee.
Doyouknowthewomaninbluewithababyonherbackwhoisworkinginthefields?
7.先行词是I,you,he,they等，主要用于谚语中时，
Hewholaughslastlaughsbest.
Hewhodoesn’treachtheGreatWallisn’tatrueman.
六．as的用法
引导非限制性定语从句，可放在主句之前，之中或者主句之后，甚至可以切割一个主句，as有“正
如„„，正像„„”的意思；which引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后。
(1)Asisknowntoall,Chinaisadevelopingcountry.
(2)Heisfromthesouth,aswecanseefromhisaccent.
(3)John,asyouknow,isafamouswriter.
(4)HehasbeentoParismorethanseveraltimes,whichIdon’tbelieve.
e„as；such„as,so中的as是一种固定结构,和„„一样„„。
Ihavegotintothesametroubleashe(has).
Ihaveneverheardsuchastoryashetells.
但是：应注意
注意：上句与下句的区别ThisisthesamepenthatIusedyesterday.（同一个）
ThisisthesamepenasIboughtyesterday。（同一类但不同个）
SheworethesamedressthatsheworeatMary’swedding.
Sheworethesamedressasheryoungsisterwore.
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例可引导非限制性从句，常带有\'正如，正像的意思
如Asweknow,smokingisharmfultoone\'own,smokingisharmfultoone\'
是关系代词。例1中的as作know的宾语；
例2中，它充当从句的主语，谓语动词know要用被动式。
引导的非限制性定语从句在从句中做主语，其代指整个主句，主从句的关系是因果关系，
which的用法：①关系代词，在从句中做主语或宾语，代指人或物。②当代指整个主句时表示的意思
是主句和从句之间是因果关系即因为所以。③其引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后。
Tomsuddenlyfellill,whichmadeussad因为他的病，所以我们伤心。
Theroadwastooslippery,whichcausedlotsofaccidents
七、关系副词的用法关系副词=介词+which
（1）when指时间，其先行词表示时间，在句中作时间状语。例如：
Thiswasthetimewhenhearrived.这是他到达的时间。
（2）where指地点，其先行词表示地点，在句中作地点状语。例如：
Thisisplacewhereheworks.这是他工作的地点。
（3）why指原因，其先行词是原因，起原因状语作用。例如：
Nobodyknowsthereasonwhyheisoftenlateforschool.没人知道他为什么上学总迟到。
八．theway做先行词时，可用inwhich,that或者不填
Thewayinwhich/that/不填heansweredthequestionwassurprising.
九．Whose+N.=the+N.+of+which/whom
Workersbuiltsheltersforsurvivorswhosehomeshadbeendestroyed.
Pleasepassmethebookwhose（ofwhich）coverisgreen.
定语从句做题方法
1.是否有逗号，有是非限制性定语从句，无则是限制性定语从句。
lyIboughtanancientChinesevase,____wasveryreasonable.
ceofwhich
ceofwhose
I\'llrememberthetime______wespenttogetherinthecountry.
h
2.找准先行词，指人用whom，who或者whose，that，指物用which，that，作状语则考虑where，
when，Why。
Ifeelsorryforfamouspeoplewholivetheirlivesintheglareofpublicity.我真可怜那些要在众目睽睽之
下生活的名人。
He\'snotthekindofmanwhowouldgobackonhiswords.他不是那种背信弃义的人。
Hewholaughslastlaughsbest.谁笑到最后,谁笑得最好。
Theperson(whom)youwishtoseehascome.你希望见到的人已经来了。
Heisashallowthinkerwhoseopinionsaren\'tworthmuch.他看问题很浅薄,他的意见没有多大价值。
Thisistheroomwhichiskeptforthereceptionofvisitors.这是专供接待来访者用的房间。
Thisisthehourwhentheplaceisfullofpeople.这种时候这地方到处都是人。
Returningtoacitywhereoneusedtolivecanbeasaddeningexperience.重归故地会让人惆怅。
Thereasonwhyshedidn\'tgetthejobwasthatherEnglishwasnotverygood.
3.方法三：是否缺少句子成分。缺少用关系代词，不缺用关系副词。另外，关系代词还是关系副词
完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语，就必须要求用关系代词；而不及物动词则要求
用关系副词。例如：
ThisisthemountainvillagewhereIstayedlastyear.
I\'llneverforgetthedayswhenIworkedtogetherwithyou.
判断改错：
ThisisthemountainvillagewhereIvisitedlastyear.
IwillneverforgetthedayswhenIspentinthecountryside.
Thisisthemountainvillage（which）Ivisitedlastyear.
I\'llneverforgetthedays（which）Ispentinthecountryside.
习惯上总把表地点或时间的名词与关系副词where,when联系在一起。此两题错在关系词的误用
上。
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英语定语从句练习题（一）
一.选择填空
’ttalkaboutsuchthingsof_______youarenotsure.
thefactory__________youvisitedtheotherday?
factory__________someforeignfriendsvisitedlastFriday?
thefactory__________heworkedtenyearsago?
veshidthemselvesintheplaces__________couldn’tbefound.
ezingpointisthetemperature__________waterchangesintoice.
okwillshowyou__________canbeusedinothercontexts..
uhaveobserved
tyouhaveobserved
sonis__________heisunabletooperatethemachine.
r
9.I’lltellyou__________hetoldmelastweek.
ee,__________branchesarealmostbare,isveryold.
h
oughtthesamedress__________sheiswearing.
edintheexamination,__________madehisfatherveryangry.
’retalkingaboutthepianoandthepianist_______wereintheconcertweattendedlast
night.
l________anEnglishsonginthenextroomisTom’ssister.
ging
___notonlyfrombooksbutalsothroughpracticewillsucceed.
rn
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________thisopinionmayspeakout.
against
’tyouseetheman________?
oddedjustnow
dtojustnow
lendmethenovel______theotherday?
kedaboutit
kedabout
eanything_______toyou?
longs
elongs
20.----“Howdoyoulikethebook?”
----“It’squitedifferentfrom_______Ireadlastmonth.”
what
avethetextbooktoallthepupilsexcept_____whohadlreadytakenthem.
ers
in_______shewastravellingwaslate.
ostthekeytothedrawer_______thepapersarekept.
tic_______weknowverylittleiscoveredwiththickicealltheyearround.
hich
’sthethirdtime_______latethismonth.
uarrived
u’u’vearrived
n1969_______theAmericanastronautsucceededinlandingonthemoon.
h
fourthistheday______weChinesepeoplewillneverforget.
hich
oingtospendtheSpringFestivalinGuangzhou,_______livemygrandparentsand
somerelatives.
el_______duringourholidaysstandsbytheseaside.
estayedat
westayed
thatfactory_______“RedFlag”carsareproduced?
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eSuezCanal_______separatesAsia______Africa.
,,,,with
hebridge,however,almostdirectlybelow,_______wasasmallcanoe,withaboyinit.
t______afool_______.
,,ashelooks
,,ashelooks
thereason_______youareinfavouroftheproposal?
t
befromAfrica,_______canbeseenfromhisskin.
wosons,_______workaschemists.
hom
37.I,_______yourgoodfriend,willtrymybesttohelpyouout.
anofgreatexperience,_______muchcanbelearned.
om
39.----Doyouknowthetownatall?
---No,thisisthefirsttimeI________here.
ng
’tlike_______youspeaktoher.
inthat
ofwhich
things_______theyfeltveryproudareJim’sgoldwatchandDella’shair.
h
ch
nerwasthemostexpensivemealwe______.
rhad
nowwhichhotel_______?
tayingin
tayingin
sonlyonething_______Icando.
thinkofasituation________thisidiomcanbeused?
anybooks,someof_______areonchemistry.
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reinterested_______youtoldthem.
ything
ronautdidmanyexperimentsinthespaceship,________much
helpforknowingspace.
ethinkareof
whichisof
atdaywelookedforwardto_______atlast.
hesecondfootballmatch_______washeldlastweek.
./
英语定语从句练习题（二）
用适当的关系词填空：
rememberthenight_______Ifirstcametothehouse.
2.I\'llneverforgettheday________wemeteachotherlastweek.
kisgoingtoBeijinginOctober,_______isthebestseasonthere.
everforgetthedays_______Ispentwithyourfamily.
5.I\'llneverforgetthelastday______wespenttogether.
theschool______Iusedtostudy.
tillremembertheplace______wevisitedlastweek?
tillremembertheplace_______wevisitedthepaintingexhibition?
ueverbeentoHangzhou,_____isfamousfortheWestLake?
ueverbeentoHangzhou,______liestheWestLake?
lgotoShanghai,______livehistwobrothers.
nBeijing,____isthecapitalofChina.
asatime______therewereslavesintheUSA.
ethirdtime______youhavemadethesamemistake.
nthestreet_____ImetJohnyesterday.
bout600yearsago____thefirstclockwithafaceandanhourhandwasmade.
ent_____Isawyou,Irecognized(认出)you.
theverynovelabout____we\'vetalkedsomuch.
theway____hedidit.
hestudent_____waslateforschooltoday?
_____knowshimwantstomakefriendswithhim?
sewasthereinmybrother____youdidn\'tlike?
sintheroom____windowfacestothesouth.
sintheroom,thewindow_____facestothesouth.
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r____sonIbroughtabookyesterday.
r_____Iboughtabookyesterday.
thehour_____theplaceisalwaysfullofwomenandchildren.
reisonepoint______I\'dlikeyouradvice.
isthetimeofyear______thedaysareshortandnightsarelong.
ouwillfindthisvalleyabeautifulplace____youmayspendyourweekend.
英语定语从句练习题（三）
（充分考虑先行词在从句中的句法作用）
allfan(球迷)is_____hasastronginterestinfootball.
se,_____wasdestroyedintheterriblefire,hasbeenrepaired.
f
lendmethenovel_____theotherday?
kedaboutit
kedabout
ter_____youwerearguingaboutlastnighthasbeensettled.
ch
lkedforaboutanhourofthingsandpersons_____theyrememberedintheschool.
_____hascommonsense（常识）willdosuchathing?
apples_____felldownwereeatenbythepigs.
kedhimtotellthemeverything_____hesawatthefront.
9.I’lltellyou_____hetoldmelastnight.
_____parentsaredeadiscalledanorphan.
’
themuseum_____youvisitedtheotherday?
museum_____someGermanfriendsvisitedlastWednesday?
13.-Howdoyoulikethebook?
-It’squitedifferentfrom_____Ireadlastmonth.
what
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entenceiswrong?
gerIdippedintothecupwasnottheoneIputitintomymouth.
nowtheboywhojumpedontotheplatform?
eandnewtechnologyhavemadeitpossibleforfarmerstoproducemorefoodonthe
sameamountofland.
inancienttimestookitforgrantedthatthesunmovedroundtheearth.
in_____shewastravelingwaslate.
ostthekeytothedrawer_____thepapersarekept.
tic_____weknowverylittleiscoveredwiththickicealltheyearround.
hich
’sthethirdtime_____latethismonth.
u’u’vearrived
nhelpsthestudents_____hethinksarenotquickattheirstudies.
e
ondWorldWar_____millionsofpeoplewerekilledendedin1945.
ornintheyear_____theAnti-JapaneseWarbrokeout.
which
ttwillneverforgettheday_____hespentwithhisvariousstudents.
h
justtheplace_____Iamlongingtovisittheseyears.
e
oingtospendtheSpringfestivalinGuangzhou,_____livemygrandparentsand
somerelatives.
el_____duringourholidaysstandsbytheseaside.
westayed
oughtthesamedress_____sheiswearing.
t_____afool_____.
//ashelooks
//ashelooks
thereason_____youareinfavoroftheproposal?
t
theroadswereflooded,_____madeourjourneymoredifficult.
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befromAfrica,_____canbeseenfromhisskin.
wosons,_____workaschemists.
hom
es,_____werealreadyfull,weresurroundedbyanangrycrowd.
st
ses,_____Iwaslikeablindman,felltothegroundandbroke.
,_____everybodylikes,isgoingtogiveusatalkonchemistry.
./
,_____Ithinkhassomethinginterestingtotellus.
./
36._____,thecompasswasfirstmadeinChina.
owntoall
37.I,_____yourgoodfriend,willtrymybesttohelpyouout.
anofgreatexperience,_____muchcanbelearned.
om
uchaseriousmistake,_____causedbycarelessness.
thinkitwas
whichitwas
dinLondonfor3months,during_____hepickedupsomeEnglish.
eralatlastgotachancetovisitthevillage_____heusedtofight,_____hehadbeen
dreamingofforyears.
//h//which
iretheman_____theysayisagoodEnglishspeaker.
oworkonSundays,_____hedoesnotlike.
imawarning,_____heturnedadeafear.
h
erhasmademe_____Iam.
neofthefewgirlswho_____passedtheexamination.
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son,_____abettersondoesnotexist.
om
members_____werepresentagreedtotheplan.
callonmefromonetofiveo’clock,during_____Iamalwaysathome.
ime
sthebirthplaceofkites,_____kiteflying（放风筝）spreadtoJapan,Korea,Thailandand
India.
一.单项填空
1.-Doyouknowtheman______istalkingwithyourfather？
-Yes，he’sourheadmaster.
theriver_____Icanswim？
thebesthotelinthecity_____Iknow.
lendmethedictionary______theotherday？
ghtit
ouboughtit
______withwhatIsaidmayputupyouhands.
ee
gree
hisnottheonlything______ismissing.
ho
______coatisblackiswaitingatthegate
’which.
l______isreadingunderthetree_____mysister.
；；；；was
laces______thepeoplearereallyfriendly.
ld______ismadeupofmatter.
hwelive
in
二.用适当的关系代词that，which，who，whom填空。
stthing______youmustdoistohaveameal.
1stistheday_____iscalledAprilFool’sDayinthewest.
ily_____hadlosteverythinginabigfiregotmuchhelpfromtheirfriends.
se_____weliveinisveryold.
’tyouseetheman______Italkedwithjustnow？
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参考答案：
I.1-5BBCAC6-10ABCCD
Ⅱ.////whom/that
初中英语定语从句练习题（一）KEYS:
1—5AADBA6—10ABCCA11—15AADAD
16—20CDDBC21—25ACBDC26—30AADAD
31—35CABCB36—40BBDBA41—45BDBBC
46—50CDBBC
初中英语定语从句练习题（二）KEYS:
/
/
17.(that)19.(that/inwhich)
初中英语定语从句练习题（三）Keys
1-5CADAB6-10DABDC11-15ADCAC16-20ADCBC
21-25BBADA26-30ABCAB31-35BCCAA36-40DBDAB
41-45DABDC46-50DCDDC