2024年2月20日发(作者：)
高考英语复习6.定语从句（语法）
语法讲座：定语从句
一、先行词、关系代词和关系副词
1．先行词(antecedent)就是被定语从句所修饰的名词。在英语中，定语从句跟在被修饰词之后，所以被修饰词就是“先行”的词。
2．连接定语从句，要用关系代词(relative pronoun)和关系副词(relative adverb)。关系代词和关系副词与连接词不完全相同，因为它们除了连接主句和定语从句，还在定语从句中代替一定的成分。
二、关系代词
1．who
先行词是“人”，在从句中代替主语。
注意：代替从句中的主语，who不能省略。who的单复数由先行词决定。但是要注意“one of +先行词”与“the only one of +先行词”的情况。
2．whom
先行词是“人”，在从句中代替宾语。
whom在从句中经常可以省略，但如果在介词后面，则不能省。
3．which
先行词是“物”，在从句中可以代替主语或宾语。
which代替主语时，不能省略，它的单复数由先行词决定。which代替宾语时则经常省略，但如果在介词后面，那么也不能省略。
which的先行词有时还可以是前面的整个句子，这时它总是看成单数，也不能省略。
4．that
先行词可以是“人”，也可以是“物”，在从句中可以代替主语或者宾语。
that代替主语时，不能省略，代替宾语时则经常省略。
that不能用在介词之后。
在以下三种情况时，我们一般不用关系代词who, whom, 和
which，而只用that：
1）先行词是不定代词如anything, something, all等词，或由all,
every, little, any, much, the very 等词所修饰；
2）先行词前有最高级形容词或序数词所修饰；
3）先行词是由and连接的两个词，分别指“人”和“物”。
5．whose
先行词可以是“人”，也可以是“物”，在从句中代替定语。
whose不能省略。如果先行词是“物”，我们也可以用sth. of
which代替whose。
6．as
先行词是“such+名词”，或者“the same +名词”，在从句中代替主语或者宾语。
as不能省略。
as的先行词有时还可以是一个句子，这个句子可以放在as之前，也可以放在as之后。
三、关系副词
1．when
先行词是表示时间的名词，如time, day, year, century等，when在从句中代替时间状语。
when一般不能省略。定语从句中，when可以用“介词+which”代替。
注意：表示时间的名词后面并不都是用when引导的定语从句，也可以是由which或that引导的定语从句。
2．where
先行词是表示地点的名词，如place, room, house, school,
factory等，where在从句中代替地点状语。
where一般不能省略。定语从句中，where可以用“介词+which”代替。
注意：表示地点的名词后面并不一定都是用where引导的定语从句，也可以是由which或that 引导的定语从句。
3．why
先行词是reason。
why一般不省略。reason为先行词的时候，也可能是由which或that引导的从句。
四、限制性和非限制性定语从句
限制性定语从句跟主句的关系比较密切，如果缺少，对方将不明白你要表达的确切的意思，它跟主句之间不用逗号隔开，中文翻译的时候，常把从句放在名词之前。
非限制性定语从句只出现在书面，一般情况下，没有这个定语从句，对方也不会误解，或者说，这类定语从句只是一种补充说明，它与主句之间要用逗号隔开，翻译成中文时，常为两个句子。非限制性定语从句经常是用在先行词是专有名词的时候，或先行词表示的“人”或“物”是“独一无二的”。非限制性定语从句不能用that连接。
高考真题试析：
01年37题
He’s got himself into a dangerous situation ____ he is likely
to lose control over the plane.
A. where
B. which
C. while
D. why
02年31题
Alec asked the policeman ____ he worked to contact him
whenever there was an accident.
A. with him
B. who
C. with whom
D. whom
03年41题
I can think of many cases ____ students obviously knew a lot
of English words and expressions but couldn’t write a good
essay.
A. why
B. which
C. as
D. where
04年36题
American women usually identify their best friend as
someone ____ they can talk frequently.
A. who
B. as
C. about which
D. with whom
04年（春）36题
A fast food restaurant is the place ____, just as the name
suggests, eating is performed quickly.
A. which
B. where
C. there
D. what
05年40题
If a shop has chairs ____ women can park their men, women
will spend more time in the shop.
A. that
B. which
C. when
D. where
05年（春）34题
The United States is made up of fifty states, one of ____ is
separated from the others by the Pacific Ocean.
A. them
B. those
C. which
D. whose
06年37题
In an hour, we can travel to places ____ would have taken our
ancestors days to reach.
A. where
B. when
C. which
D. what
07年37题
His movie won several awards at the film festival, ____ was
beyond his wildest dream.
A. which
B. that
C. where
D. it
08年（春）37题
Villagers here depend on the fishing industry, ____ there
won’t be much work.
A. where
B. that
C. by which
D. without which
08年38题
We went through a period ____ communications were very
difficult in the rural areas.
A. which
B. whose
C. in which
D. with which
练习：
1. Can you tell me the name of the factory ____ you visited
last week?
A. what
B. where
C. /
D. whose
2. Wilma became the first American woman to win three
Olympic gold medals in track, ____ made
her mother very proud.
A. it
B. that
C. which
D. what
3. I don’t like ____ you speak to her.
A. the way
B. the way in that
C. the way which
D. the way of which
4. Have you seen the film “Titanic”, ____ leading actor is
world famous?
A. its
B. it’s
C. whose
D. which
5. The thought of going back home was ____ kept him happy
while he was working abroad.
A. that
B. all that
C. all what
D. which
6. They have succeeded in solving many problems in
accordance with the new theory, ____ is
announced in today’s newspaper.
A. that
B. as
C. when
D. what
7. There are no such rules in selling liquor in China ____ in the
U.K.
A. as there are
B. as are
C. when there are
D. which are
8. I sent invitation to 80 people, ____ have replied.
A. of whom only 20 of these
B. only 20 of these who
C. of whom only 20
D. only 20 who
9. We have to consider what to do in situations ____ there are
many people involved.
A. where
B. when
C. whether
D. which
10. We’ve just installed central heating, ____ should make a
tremendous difference to the house next
winter.
A. what
B. it
C. that
D. which
11. The death of her husband and the suffering ____ caused
affected the young lady greatly.
A. that
B. it
C. what
D. which
12. That was said to be the worst traffic accident ____ on A20
Highway.
A. ever happening
B. ever happened
C. that had happened
D. which had happened
13. The mineral resources ____ modern industry depends are
running out quickly.
A. that
B. where
C. in which
D. on which
14. The size of the audience, ____ we had expected, was more
than 5 hundred.
A. whom
B. who
C. as
D. that
15. We can define a joke as something you say ____ causes
laughter.
A. it
B. that
C. /
D. which
16. So angry was Kate at all ____ he was doing ____ she walked
out without saying anything.
A. what; that
B. which; that
C. that; that
D. that; which
17. Living in the country has its advantages, ____ freedom
from pollution is the best.
A. for what
B. which
C. of which
D. from that
18. I have got the same dictionary ____ my teacher showed
us last week.
A. as
B. that C, which D. when
19. I still remember the place ____ used to be quiet and
beautiful.
A. who
B. which
C. where
D. /
20. John has really changed a lot. He is not the same man
____.
A. like he was
B. who he was
C. as he was
D. that he was
21. There comes a time in everyone’s life ____.
A. which he needs
B. when he has to think
C. that he needs
D. why he has to think
22. The reason ____ she failed in the exam was ____ she
hadn’t worked hard enough.
A. why; that
B. why; because
C. that; why
D. because; why
23. The professor has recommended some books ____ will
certainly help you in your work.
A. which I am sure
B. I am sure which
C. of which I’m sure
D. and I’m sure which
24. He made another wonderful discovery, ____ of great
importance to mankind.
A. which I think is
B. which I think it is
C. that I think is
D. that I think it is
25. The writer and his books ____ are known to us all are
welcome here.
A. that
B. which
C. who
D. what
26. It is said that the dog ____ is still worth 1000 yuan.
A. whose left eye is blind
B. of which the left eye is blind
C. which is blind in the left eye
D. which is blinded its left eye
27. Language is like a huge city, to the building of ____ every
human being has brought a stone.
A. which
B. that
C. it
D. this
28. There are 48 students in our class, ____ two-thirds are girls.
A. which
B. that
C. of whom
D. of which
29. You can find whatever you need in the shopping centre,
____ is always busy at the weekend.
A. that
B. where
C. what
D. which
30. The school is famous for such strict rules ____ good for
students in forming good habits.
A. that are
B. as is
C. as are
D. that is
31. I’ll never forget the years ____ I spent in the country with
the farmers, ____ has a great effect on
my life.
A. when; which
B. when; that
C. that; which
D. which; when
32. Farmers no longer live only on crops in the area ____ the
highway is built.
A. where
B. which
C. that
D. in that
33. Is it in the factory ____ your father works ____ we’ll work
for two weeks?
A. where; that
B. where; where
C. that; where
D. that; that
34. The company will not employ ____ eyesight is weak.
A. whoever whose
B. anyone whose
C. someone of whom
D. anyone else’s
35. The biggest single hobby in western countries ____
western people spend their most time, energy
and money is gardening.
A. in which
B. where
C. that
D. on which
36. The goals ____ he had fought all his life no longer seemed
important to him.
A. at which
B. with which
C. after which
D. for which
37. Children under sixteen are discouraged to see such films
____ have too many bloody violent
scenes.
A. that
B. as
C. which
D. /
38. Glen saw a film with his girl friend, ____ they had dinner
at a nearby restaurant.
A. when
B. which
C. after which
D. that after
39. All of the flowers now raised here have developed from
those ____ in the forest.
A. once they grew
B. they grew once
C. that once grew
D. once grew
40. He may be late, in ____ case we ought to wait for him.
A. whose
B. its
C. which
D. that
41. Mr Black, ____ we have a sincere respect, is quite
outstanding in the field of natural science.
A. of whom
B. who
C. for whom
D. whom
42. The teachers hope the little ____ they have been doing
will be useful when their students leave
school.
A. what
B. that
C. which
D. who
43. The melting point is the temperature ____ a solid changes
into a liquid.
A. which
B. that
C. at which
D. in that
44. In 1850, Yale University established Sheffield Scientific
School, ____.
A. which was educated engineers there
B. in which were engineers educated
C. where engineers were educated
D. where were engineers educated
45. All those ____ were watching the 100-metre dash
applauded, giving a big hand to the gold medal
winner.
A. which
B. who
C. that
D. whom
46. ____ we have to complete the construction is 2 million
dollars.
A. All what
B. That all
C. All that
D. Which
47. The course normally attracts twenty students per year,
____ up to half will be from overseas.
A. of whom
B. of which
C. who
D. which
48. More and more scientists have made new discoveries ____
challenge our established theories of the universe.
A. when
B. where
C. what
D. that
49. She heard a terrible noise, ____ brought her heart into her
mouth.
A. it
B. which
C. this
D. that
50. The weather turned out to be very good, ____ was more
than we could expect.
A. what
B. which
C. that
D. it
51. After living in Paris for fifty years he returned to the small
town ____ he grew up as a child.
A. which
B. where
C. that
D. when
52. Carol said the work would be done by October, ____
personally I doubt very much.
A. it
B. that
C. when
D. which
53. Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play,
____, of course, made the others
unhappy.
A. who
B. which
C. this
D. what
54. The film brought the hours back to me ____ I was taken
good care of in that faraway village.
A. until
B. that
C. when
D. where
55. ____ is known to everybody, the moon travels round the
earth once every month.
A. It
B. As
C. That
D. What
56. The old man still remembers those happy years ____ he
lived in the country with his grand parents,
____ has left a life-long impression on him.
A. that; which
B. when; which
C. which; that
D. when; who
57. In the office I never seem to have time until after 5:30
p.m., ____ many people have gone home.
A. whose time
B. that
C. on which
D. by which time
58. He was rude to the customs officer, ____ of course made
things even worse.
A. who
B. whom
C. what
D. which
59. ____ is mentioned above, the number of the students in
senior high schools is increasing.
A. Which
B. As
C. That
D. It
60. Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase, ____ was very
reasonable.
A. which price
B. the price of which
C. its price
D. the price of whose
61. I often spend weekends in Shanghai Library, ____ I can
find a lot to read.
A. where
B. as
C. which
D. that
62. The first place ____ we will visit is the factory ____ produces
vitamin pills.
A. that; which
B. which; that
C. where; that
D. that; where
63. The science of medicine, ____ progress has been very
rapid lately, is perhaps the most important
of all the science.
A. in which
B. to which
C. which
D. which
64. Has all ____ can be done ____?
A. what; done
B. that; been done
C. that; already done
D. what; already been done
65. You shouldn’t have asked him the same question ____ I
asked a moment ago.
A. like
B. which
C. what
D. as
66. Is there anything ____ I can do for you at the moment?
A. which
B. /
C. of which
D. by which
67. Do you believe the reason ____ Mary mentioned just now
for her being absent?
A. which
B. for which
C. why
D. what
68. The man ____ report ____ we have just read is a famous
journalist.
A. who; which
B. who; /
C. whose; /
D. who; whose
69. The germ theory of disease, ____ its name suggests,
means that some diseases are caused by
germs.
A. which
B. as
C. by which
D. through which
70. Mr Herein is one of the foreign experts who ____ here in
our hospital.
A. works
B. is working
C. has worked
D. are working
