
英语将来时态
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2023年3月16日发(作者:杨继渊)英语时态—一般将来时
(Thefutureindefinitetense)
讲解与练习参考答案
在英语中,每句话都包含一定的时态,要学好英语就必须掌握英语中一些常用的时态。
在英语中,不同时间发生的动作和情况,要用不同的动词形式表示.这种不同的时间和不同的
动词形式就叫做动词的时态.换句话说,判断一个句子的时态,可以通过句子中的时间和动
词的形态来判断。下面我就一般将来时作一些讲解,如有不妥之处,请指教。每种时态都有
三个最基本的要素,分别是该时态的概念、结构、判断标志词。
一、一般将来时的概念:
一般将来时表示将来某一时刻的动作或状态,或将来某一段时间内经常的动作或状态。
二、一般将来时的结构:(有两类不同的结构)
Ⅰ主语+shall(在英式英语中,只用于第一人称)/will(在英式英语中,用于第二、三人称)
+动词(原形)【美式英语则不管什么人称,一律用will,因此美式英语只有一种结构:主语
+will+动词(原形)】
肯定句式:主语+will+动词(原形)+其它.【主语+will=主语’ll】
否定句式:主语+will+not+动词(原形)+其它.【willnot=won’t】
一般疑问句:will+主语+动词(原形)+其它?
注:英式英语中现在也趋向于所有人称都用will,因此,现在比较少见到Ishall或Weshall
Ⅱ主语+begoingto+动词(原形)+其它.
肯定句式:主语+begoingto+动词(原形)+其它.
否定句式:主语+be+not+goingto+动词(原形)+其它.
一般疑问句:Be+主语+goingto+动词(原形)+其它?
注:主语+begoingto+动词原形‖表示即将发生的或最近打算进行的事。
三、一般将来时的判断标志词
tomorrow,thedayaftertomorrow,next+时间,in+一段时间,in+将来的年代,atonce,
thisafternoon,thisevening,soon,inthefuture,someday,fromnowon,andsoon.
四、一般将来时的基本用法
1.①表示将来发生的行为或存在的状态,常与tomorrow;in2020;nextweek(year,month),
fromnowon,soon,someday,thedayaftertomorrow,in(the)future,infivedays(再过五天),
intwoweeks(再过二星期)等表示将来的时间状语连用。
Willyoubefreetonight?你今晚有空吗?
Hewillarriveheretomorrowmorning.他将于明天早上到达这里。
Don’ebackinthreedays.别担心,我三天之后就回来了
②在时间状语和条件状语从句中,表示将来的时候,主句用一般将来时,从句用一般现在时:
Whenitgetswarmerthesnowwillstarttomelt.当气候变暖时,雪将开始融化。
Iwillgoswimmingifitdoesn’traintomorrow.如果明天不下雨,我将去游泳。
2.表示将来的常见方法1)begoingto+不定式,表示将来。
①与人连用时往往有―意图、意向、打算、目的在于……‖等含义
Wearenotgoingtohaveapicnic.我们不打算去野炊。
Areyougoingtobuyhimagift?你打算给他买礼物吗?
②根据客观的迹象预示着…
I’mgoingtoleaveattheendofthisweek.我打算在这周末离开。
Lookattheclouds,---thereisgoingtobeastorm.看那天上的云,怕是要下雨了。
▲begoingto与will有如下几点区别:
①begoingto表示近期、眼下就要发生的事情,will表示的将来时间则可近可远,如:
Shetoldhimshewasgoingtoquitthejob.她告诉他,她即将辞职不干。
Hewillwriteabookoneday.
②begoingto表示根据主观判断将来肯定发生的事情,will表示客观上将来势必发生的事
情。
ingtodie.他病得很重。他就快死了。
TomorrowwillbeWednesday.明天是星期三。
③begoingto含有―计划,准备‖的意思,而will则没有这个意思,如:
Sheisgoingtolendusherbook.他准备把书借给我们。
Hewillbehereinhalfanhour.半小时后他将在这里。
④表达意图时:begoingtodo事先经过考虑的,而willdo说话时刻临时想到的;表达预见
时:begoingtodo有客观迹象作基础,而willdo说话人的主观想法
We’rereallylost.I’llstopandasksomeonetheway.我们真的迷路了,我要停下来问路。
Iwilltrymybesttohelpher.我愿尽力帮助她。
五、一般将来时的特殊用法
1)go,come,start,move,sail,leave,arrive,stay、fly等可用进行时态表示将来,常有―意图‖、
―安排‖或―打算‖的含义。它常表示最近或较近的将来,所使用的动词多与移动、方向、启动
等有关。如:
Theyarecomingherethisafternoon.他们今天下午来这儿。
sleavingforBeijingtomorrow.怀特先生明天将去北京。
▲也可用于某些非转移动词。如:
WhatareyoudoingnextSunday?下星期天你打算干什么?
Mymotherisbuyingmeabikesoon.我妈妈不久将给我买一辆自行车。
I’mmeetingyouafterclass.课后我要找你。
2)come,go,leave,arrive,start,get,stay等动词用一般现在时也可表示将来。
Becausetheshopisclosingdown,alltheT-shirtsaresoldathalfprice.因为商店就要倒闭了,
所有的T恤衫都半价出售
Themeetingstartsatfiveo'offatthenextstop.
六、习题操练
一、单项选择。
()__________ameetingtomorrowafternoon.
tobe
()e________herenextmonth.
’’’’twork
()________verybusythisweek,he________freenextweek.
;;;;willbe
()________adolphinshowinthezootomorrowevening.
gtobe
()5.–________you________freetomorrow?
–No.I________freethedayaftertomorrow.
;goingto;;goingtobe;will
;goingto;;goingtobe;willbe
()________meanicepresentonmynextbirthday.
()7.–ShallIbuyacupofteaforyou?
–________.(不,不要。)
,youwon’,youaren’,pleasedon’,please.
()8.–Whereisthemorningpaper?
–I________ifforyouatonce.
t
()9.________aconcertnextSaturday?
re
()come,we________ameeting.
ave
()________herabeautifulhatonhernextbirthday.
gtogiving
()________tousassoonashegetsthere.
()________inthreedays.
ck
gtocomingback
()________tomorrow,we’llgoroller-skating.
’’’’tfine
()15.–WillhisparentsgotoseetheTerraCottaWarriorstomorrow?
–No,________(不去).
lln’n’en’n’t.
()________we________swimmingwithtomorrowafternoon?
;;;;go
()________theworkthiswaynexttime.
ing
()owhe_____akiteintheopenairfirst,andthen______boatinginthepark.
y;y;goes
gtofly;;willgo
()aftertomorrowthey________avolleyballmatch.
s
gtowatch
()________abirthdaypartythisSunday.
ingtobe
()________anEnglisheveningnextSunday.
gtohave
()22.________you________freenextSunday?
;;;;be
()________thereattentomorrowmorning.
()24.________yourbrother________amagazinefromthelibrary?
;;goingtoborrow
;;goingtoborrows
()25.–ShallIcomeagaintomorrowafternoon?
–________(好的).
,,youwill.
,,youwon’t.
()________theyearofthehorsenextyear.
()27.________openthewindow?
()28.–Let’sgoouttoplayfootball,shallwe?
–OK.I________.
ng
()________usalongtimetolearnEnglishwell.
end
()in________at11.
arrive
ving
()__________ameetingtomorrowafternoon.
ingtobe
tobe
()e________herenextmonth.
’’tworking
’’twork
()________verybusythisweek,he________freenextweek.
;;is
;;willbe
()________adolphinshowinthezootomorrowevening.
gtobe
()35.–________you________freetomorrow?
–No.I________freethedayaftertomorrow.
;goingto;;goingtobe;will
;goingto;;goingtobe;willbe
()________meanicepresentonmynextbirthday.
()37.–ShallIbuyacupofteaforyou?
–________.(不,不要。)
,youwon’,youaren’t.
,pleasedon’,please.
()38.–Whereisthemorningpaper?
–I________ifforyouatonce.
t
()aftertomorrowthey________avolleyballmatch.
s
gtowatch
()________abirthdaypartythisSunday.
ingtobe
()________anEnglisheveningnextSunday.
ngtohave
gtohave
()42.________you________freenextSunday?
;;be
;;be
()________thereattentomorrowmorning.
()44.________yourbrother________amagazinefromthelibrary?
;;goingtoborrow
;;goingtoborrows
二、动词填空。
1.I______(leave)inaminute.I______(finish)allmyworkbeforeI______(leave).
2.—Howlong_____you_____(study)inourcountry?
—I_____(plan)tobehereforaboutonemoreyear.
—I_____(hope)tovisittheotherpartsofyourcountry.
—What______you______(do)afteryou______(leave)here?
—I______(return)homeand______(get)ajob.
3.I______(be)tired.I______(go)tobedearlytonight.
’sbirthdayisnextMonday,hermother_____(give)herapresent.
______(snow)soon.
6.—_____you_____(be)herethisSaturday?
—No.I______(visit)myteacher.
7.—______I______(get)youacopyoftoday’snewspaper?
—Thankyou.
aidthere______(be)’tjoinyou.
______(believe,not)thisuntilhe______(see)itwithhisowneyes.
usdon’tthinktheirteam______(win).
11.I______(leave)inaminute.I______(finish)allmyworkbeforeI______(leave).
12.—Howlong_____you_____(study)inourcountry?
—I_____(plan)tobehereforaboutonemoreyear.
—I_____(hope)tovisittheotherpartsofyourcountry.
—What______you______(do)afteryou______(leave)here?
—I______(return)homeand______(get)ajob.
13.I______(be)tired.I______(go)tobedearlytonight.
’sbirthdayisnextMonday,hermother_____(give)herapresent.
aidthere______(be)’tjoinyou.
______(believe,not)thisuntilhe______(see)itwithhisowneyes.
usdon’tthinktheirteam______(win).
参考答案:
一、单项选择。
1.C2.D3.D4.D5.D6.B7.C8.D
9.B10.B11.D12.C13.C14.C15.B16.D
17.B18.A19.D20.B21.B22.B23.C24.B
25.A26.A27.A28.D29.B30.D31.C32.D
33.D34.D35.D36.B37.C38.D39.D40.B
41.B42.B43.C44.B
二、动词填空。
ing;willfinish;leave
;study;plan;hope;will;do;leave;willreturn;get
;ow
,be;;get
’tbelieve;n
ing;willfinish;leave
;study;plan;hope;will;do;leave;willreturn;get
;’tbelieve;n