定语从句三要素
谈话技巧-win7硬盘分区
2023年3月16日发(作者：网络营销产品策略)定语从句知识结构图解–张发强(重庆巴蜀中学)
概念：定语可以由形容词,名词,代词,分词,不定式以及介词短语等来担任，也可以由一个句子来充当，充当定语功能的句
子称为定语从句。①指人的先行词
⒈先行词：被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词
②指物的先行词
★先行词还可以是前面整个句子所叙述的事情。
Hehaspassedthedrivingtest,whichsurprisesallofus.(which替代前面所叙述的事情)
先行词
①替代前面的先行词（替代作用）
关系词的作用②连接主句和定语从句（连接作用）
③在定语从句中作句子成分（成分作用）
定语从句“三要素”⒉关系词:引导定语的词
标准:根据关系词在从句中做的句子成分种类
关系词的分类关系代词：在从句中做主,宾，表，定
（that/which/who/whom/whose/as）
关系副词：在从句中作状语
(When/where/why)
⒊定语从句：用来做定语，修饰限定先行词的句子。
①限制性定语从句：对先行词起限定修饰作用。
定Heisateacherwhoworksatourschool.
定语从句的分类②非限制性定语从句：对先行词起补充说明作用(先行词与定语从句之间有逗号隔开)
语Beijing,whichisthecapitalofChina,isabeautifulcitywithalonghistory.
比较:Hehastwosons,whoworkinthesamecompany.(Hehasonlytwosons.)
从Hehastwosonswhoworkinthesamecompany.(Perhapshehastwomoresons)
句①关系代词在定语从句中作宾语
Sheisthegirl(whom/that)Ilovedbefore.(可以省略whom/that)
②关系代词在定语从句中作表语
⒈关系代词的省略Heisnolongertheboy(that)heusedtobe.(可以省略that)
限定性定语从句③关系代词作介词宾语，介词在从句句尾时可以省略
Housingpriceisaproblem(that/which)peopleareinterestedin.
比较:Housingpriceisaprobleminwhichpeopleareinterested.
（此时只能用which且不能省略）
①以疑问词who开头的句子中
定语从句几个难点Whoisthemanthatisshoutingthere?
②关系代词在从句中作表语时
用that的情况Sheisnotthegirlthatsheusedtobe.
③先行词被thevery,theright,theonly修饰
Thisistheverypersonthatwearelookingfor.
⒉先行词是人
that/who的区别①行词是one,ones,anybody,all,none,those等
Thosewhowanttogotothecinemawillhaveto
waitatthegateoftheschool.
②句子中有两个定语从句,一个用了that,另外一
用who的情况个用who
Whoistheboythatwonthegoldmedal?
③在therebe结构中
Therearemanyyoungmenwhoareagainsthim.
④在非限定性定语从句当中
Tom,whoismybestfriend,hasgoneabroadtostudy.
①在非限定性定语从句中.
Shelostthegame,whichdepressedhergreatly.
②关系词置于介词之后,作宾语.
ThepenwithwhichyouwriteisJack’s.
用which的情况③先行词是that或定语从句中套定语从句,一个关系
词用that,另一个用which.
LetmeshowyouthenovelthatIborrowedfromthe
librarywhichisnewlyopentous.
①先行词是不定代词如all,little,few,much,
⒊先行词是物anything,everything,nothing,none,noone等
that/which的区别Shedidallthatshecouldtohelpus.
②先行词被all,every,no,some,little,much,theonly,
thevery,theright等所修饰时
ThisistheverybookthatIwant.
③先行词中既有人又有物时
Shedescribedinhercompositionsthepeopleand
用that的情况theplacesthatimpressedhermost.
④先行词前有序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。
ThisisthebestbookthatIhaveeverread.
ThisisthefirstfilmthatI’veseensinceIcamehere.
⑤定语从句中套定语从句，其中一个关系词以用
which,另外一个用that
Hebuiltafactorywhichproducedthingsthathad
neverbeenseenbefore.
定⑥当主句的主语是疑问词which,另一个用that
Whoisthepersonthatisstandingatthegate?
语定语从句10个难点①As既可以引导限制性定语从句也可以用于非限定性定
句中充当主语，宾语，表语等。常用于以下句型当中
从★Such/so…..as….像…..一样thesame….as…和…...同样的
Acomputerissousefulamachineaswecanuseeveryday.
句⒋As引导定语从Heisnotthesamemanashewas.
句的用法②引导非限制性定语从句。表示说话人的看法,态度,评论等。此时
译为“正如，像”等。可以放在句首，句中或句末。
AsIremember,therewereanetbarhere.
TaiwanisaninseparablepartofChina,asisknowntoall.
★thesameas...和thesamethat...引导定语从句的区别
ThisisthesamebikethatIlostyesterday.(同一事物)
ThisisthesamebikeasIlostyesterday.（同类事物）
①When在定语从句中做时间状语，先行词为表示时间的time,day等
IstillrememberthedaywhenIfirstcametoBeijing.（when=onwhich）
②Where在定语从句中做地点状语，先行词为表地点的place,spot等
Canyoutellmetheofficewhereheworks?(where=inwhich)
③Why在定语从句中做原因状语，先行词只有reason.
⒌关系副词的运用Idon’twanttolistentoanyreasonwhyyouwereabsent.(why=forwhich)
★关系副词=相应的介词+关系代词
★Where引导的定语从句还可以修饰抽象空间的名词如case(情形)，situation,
position(位置),stage(阶段)，point（地步）等
Whatarethesituationswherebodylanguageistheonlyformofcommunication?
在哪些情况下身体语言是唯一的沟通方式。（此时where=inwhich）
①way在定语从句中做状语时的三种引导方式that/inwhich/不填
Thewayinwhich/that/不填heexplainsthesentencetousisquitesimple.
比较:Thewaywhich/that/不填hetoldtouswasquitesimple.
（★way在定语中作tell的宾语）
time表示“次数”时，用关系代词that引导定语从句
⒍几个特殊②先行词timeThisisthefirsttimethatthepresidenthasvisitedthecountry.
的先行词time作“一段时间”讲时，应用关系副词when
Thiswasthetimewhentherewerenoradios,notelephonesorno
TVsets.（★此时when=duringwhich在..期间）
③先行词reason当在定语从句中作状语时，定语从句的4种引导方式
why/forwhich/that/不填
Thisisthereasonwhy/forwhich/that/不填hecannotcomehere.
比较：Isthisthereasonthat/which/不填heexplainedtousforhisabsencefromthe
conference.（★reason在定语从句中做explain的宾语）
★该结构的关系代词只有两种即介词+which（指物）介词+whom（指人）
★该结构介词的选用原则：
①根据定语从句中谓语动词的习惯搭配
ThisisthebookonwhichIspent$8.
ThisisthebookforwhichIpaid$8.
②根据现行词的搭配习惯
IrememberthedaysduringwhichIlivedthere.
IrememberthedayonwhichIgraduatedfromuniversity.
⒎介词+关系代词③根据整个句子所表达的意思来决定
Thecolorlessgaswithoutwhichwecan’tliveiscalledoxygen.
④英语中为了强调某一名词，不定式前面也可以加上关系代词。
Hereisthemoneywithwhichtobuythepiano.
Sheistherightpersononwhomtodepend.
定注意:Ⅰ如果介词后移，关系代词可以省略
Theperson(whom/who/that)youwillwritetoisTodd.
语定语从句10个难点Ⅱ有些含有介词的动词短语介词不能提前如
lookfor/after;takecareof;sendfor;hearfrom/of/aboutdealwith等
从Thisisthebabythatyouwilllookafter.
句①当先行词是oneof+复数名词，定语从句的位于动词要用复数形式
TheGreatWallisoneoftheworld-famousbuildingsthatdrawlotsofvisitor
⒏定语从句的everyyear.
主谓一致②当先行词是theonly+oneof+复数名词，从句谓语用单数形式
TheGreatWallistheonlyoneofthebuildingsontheearththatisseenfromthe
moon.
③先行词如果是整个句子，定语从句的谓语动词用单数
GreatchangeshavetakenplaceinChina,asisknowntoall.
Hehaspassedthedrivingtest,whichsurprisesallofus.
定语从句可以转换为–ing或-ed形式
⒐定语从句的Thegirl(whois)dancingnowjustreturnedfromTaiwang.
转化Ilovethestories(whichwere)writtenbyHemingway.
Theman(whostands)standingthereismyfriend.
①判断从句是否为定语从句（先行词，关系词，定语从句）
②准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分(主、宾、表、定、状)
10.定语从句的从而正确选定使用关系代词或关系副词
解题方法例：Isthisthemuseum___youvisitedafewdaysago?
Isthisthemuseum____theexhibitionwasheld？
注意：Ⅰ.关系代词whose的用法。Whose在定语从句中做定语。
当先行词是人：whose=the+名词+ofwhom当先行词是物：whose=the+名词+ofwhich
Doyouknowtheboywhoseparents/theparentsofwhomareonholiday?
I’dlikearoomwhosewindow/thewindowofwhichfacesthesea.
Ⅱ.That引导定语从句，名词性从句和强调句型的区别
定语从句中的that:关系代词，在后面的定语从句中做句子成分。
名词性从句中的that:从属连词，只起连接主从句的作用，在从句中不做句子成分。
强调句中的that,运用于itis/was…that..结构；判断标准：去掉强调句型结构，成分仍然完整。
比较：ThisisthebookthatIamlookingfor.(that引导定语从句)
ItisatBashumiddleschoolthatIhavestudiedforthreeyears.(that和前面的itis构成强调句型)
Thefactthathestolethemoneysurprisedallofus.(that引导名词性从句--同位语从句)
Thathewillcometotheconferencehasexcitedallofus.(that引导名词性从句--主语从句)
Weallexpectthattheywin,formembersoftheirteamarestronger.(that引导名词性从句--宾语从句)
Thereasonforyourfailureisthatyoulackconfidenceinyourself.(that引导名词性从句--表语从句)
定语从句练习题：
llflytoWashington,_______theyplantostayfortwoorthreedays.
wingspeedofaplantisinfluencedbyanumberoffactors,_______arebeyondourcontrol.
that
iveyoumyfriend’shomeaddress,_____Icanbereachedmostevenings.
neighborsadmirethisfamily,_______theparentsaretreatingtheirchildlikeafriend.
ersheredependonthefishingindustry,_______therewon’tbemuchwork.
twhich
ycitiesintheworld,thereisnoroomtospreadoutfurther,_____NewYorkisanexample.
ich
throughaperiod____communicationswereverydifficultintheruralareas.
ich
ldn’tspendourmoneytestingsomanypeople,mostof____arehealthy.
ek,onlytwopeoplecametolookatthehouse,_____wantedtobuyit.
rofwhom
portedthattwoschools,_____arebeingbuiltinmyhometown,willopennextyear.
which
ingothers,apersonfocusesonsomeoneotherthanhimselforherself,_____canbeveryeye-openingandrewarding.
t!Don’tgettooclosetothehouse______roofisunderrepair.
everalnativesadvancingtowardsourparty,andoneofthemcameuptous._____wegavesomebellsandglasses.
ich
ildren，____parentsareawayworkinginbigcities，aretakengoodcareofinthevillage.
om
15.—Whatdoyouthinkofteaching,Bob？
—ob___youaredoingsomethingseriousbutinteresting.
seIgrewup________hasbeentakendownandreplacedbyanofficebuilding.
h
ughtwithherthreefriends,noneof_____Ihadevermetbefore.
erImether,_____wasfairlyoften,shegreetedmewithasweetsmile.
likealongrace_____wecompetewithotherstogobeyondourselves.
suchawell-knownplace_____everyonewantstovisit____wecanfinditinthemapoftheworld.
;;;;that
2012高考英语单选题分类汇编定语从句
【2012全国卷II】⒏Thatevening,___Iwilltellyoumoreaboutlater,Iendedupworkingverylate.
【2012安徽】29.Ａlotoflanguagelearning,hasbeendiscovered,ishappeninginthefirstyearoflife,soparentsshould
talkmuchtotheirchildrenduringthatperiod.
【2012重庆】irectorisaposition______communicationabilityisjustasimportantassalesskills.
【2012北京】eplyabsorbedinwork,______heoftenwas，hewouldforgetallabouteatingorsleeping.
【2012福建】qualityinthecity,_____isshowninthereport,hasimprovedoverthepasttwomonths.
【2012陕西】ethirdtimethatshehaswontherace,____hassurprisedusall.
【2012山东】aswrittentwonovels,bothof___havebeenmadeintotelevisionseries.
【2012湖南】thesoulisagradualprocess____eventhesmalldetailsoflifeshouldbeconsidered.
h
【2012天津】othankProfessorSmith,without____helpIwouldneverhavegotthisfar.
【2012江西】16:30,____wasalmostclosingtime,nearlyallthepaintingshadbeensold.
【2012四川】lassthereare46students,_____halfwearglasses.
【2012浙江】inanage______moreinformationisavailablewithgreatereasethaneverbefore.
h
【2012浙江】asapainterofbirdsandofnature,_____,forsomereason,hadwithdrawnfromallhumansociety.
【2012江苏】heflooding,peopleweresufferinginthatarea,____urgentlyneededcleanwater,medicineandshelterto
survive.
名词性从句
1.（2011·天津卷）sciencehasgivenclearevidence______smokingcanleadtomanydiseases.
2.（2011·江西卷）lagershavealreadyknown_____wewilldoistorebuildthebridge.
3.（2011·四川卷）chersalwaystellustobelievesinwedoandwhoweareifwewanttosucceed.
4.（2011·北京卷）ckingnewsmademerealizeterribleproblemswewouldface.
5.（2011·北京卷）aJonesofferstoherfansishonestyandhappiness.
6.（2011·陕西卷）15.I’dliketostartmyownbusiness–that’sI’ddoifIhadthemoney.
7.（2011·辽宁卷）enewscamethewarbrokeout,hedecided,toserveinthearmy.
e
8.（2011·江苏卷）26．Itwasneverclear_______themanhadn’treportedtheaccidentsooner.
A．thatB．howC．whenD．why
9.（2011·湖南卷）31Beforetheproblemcanbesolved,itmustbeobvious______theproblemitselfis.
10.（2011·安徽卷）tingissoconfusingthatit’sdifficulttomakeout_____itisheistryingtoexpress.
11.（2011·山东卷）26.I’mafraidhe’smoreofatalkerthanadoer,whichis______heneverfinishinganything.
12.（2011·山东卷）’veofferedherthejob,butIdon’tknow______she’llacceptit.
13.（2011·重庆卷）talwayseasyforthepublictosee____useanewinventioncanbeoftohumanlife.
14.（2011·重庆卷）illunderdiscussion__________theoldbusstationshouldbereplacedwithamodernhotelornot.