ucinet软件
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2023年3月4日发(作者：4953)ABriefGuidetoUsingNetDraw1
NetDrawisaprogramfordrawingsocialnetworks.
OverviewofFeatures
readinmultiplerelationsonthesamenodes,andswitch
betweenthem(orcombinethem)easily.
eadinvalueddata,youcansequentially“step”through
differentlevelsofdichotomization,effectivelyselectingonlystrongties,onlyweakties,
tion,youhavetheoptionoflettingthethicknessoflinescorrespondto
strengthofties.
grammakesitconvenienttoreadinmultiplenodeattributesfor
useinsettingcolorsandsizesofnodes(aswellasrims,labels,etc.).Inaddition,the
programmakesiteasytoturnonandoffgroupsofnodesdefinedbyavariable,suchas
ttributesarereadinusingtheVNA
dataformat(seebelow),ansthat
insteadofcodinglocationasnumericcodes1,2,3,etc,youcansimplywriteBoston,
NewYork,Tokyo…
edsetofanalyticalproceduresareincluded,suchastheidentificationof
isolates,components,k-cores,cut-pointsandbi-components(blocks).
wcanread2-modedata,suchastheDavis,GardnerandGardner
dataandautomaticallycreateabipartiterepresentationofit.
gramreadsUcinetdatasets(the##hand##dfiles),UcinetDLtext
files,Pajekfiles(net,cluandvec),andtheprogram’sownVNAtextfileformat,which
allowstheusertocombinenodeattributeswithtieinformation.
heVNAfileformat,theprogramcansaveanetworkalongwithits
spatialconfiguration,nodecolors,shapes,thenexttimeyouopenthefile,the
gramcanalsosavedataasPajeknet
andclufiles,andUcinetdatasets(bothnetworksandattributes).
kdiagramscanbesavedasbitmaps(.bmp),jpegs(.jpg),
windowsmetafiles(.wmf)andenhancedmetafiles(.emf).Inaddition,theprogram
exportstoPajekandMage.
1Downloadedfrom:/,February18,2011.
verygoodforcreatingpublication-quality
diagramsbecausetheresultsutilizethefullresolutionoftheprinter.(Whenyousavean
imagelikeabitmaptodiskandinsertintoadocumentandthenprintthat,theimage
resolutionisnobetterthanyourscreen’s.)
angeofoptionsisimplemented,includingtheabilityto
changesizesandcolorsofnodes,node-rims,labels,entnode
alsorotate,flip,shift,resizeandzoom
configurations.
ickindsoflayoutsareimplementedatpresent:acircleandanMDS/
includesoptionsfor
exaggeratingclustering,biasingtowardequal-lengthedges,andturningon/offnode-
repulsion.
GettingStarted
itinnetwork,
tisautomatic.
Hereisanexampleofdrawingafilecalledcampnet:
HOLLY
BRAZEY
CAROL
PAM
PAT
JENNIE
PAULINE
ANN
MICHAEL
BILL
LEE
DON
JOHN
HARRY
GERY
STEVE
BERT
RUSS
Nowsupposeyouhavesomeinformationabouteachpersonthatyouwouldliketouseto
(e.g.,
enteritinExcelandSaveAstextfile)inthefollowingformat:
*nodedata
idgenderrolebetweenness
HOLLYfemaleparticipant78.33333588
BRAZEYfemaleparticipant0
CAROLfemaleparticipant1.333333373
PAMfemaleparticipant32.5
PATfemaleparticipant39.5
JENNIEfemaleparticipant6.333333492
PAULINEfemaleparticipant12.5
ANNfemaleparticipant0.5
MICHAELmaleparticipant58.83333206
BILLmaleparticipant0
LEEmaleparticipant5
DONmaleparticipant16.33333397
JOHNmaleparticipant0
HARRYmaleparticipant2.333333254
GERYmaleinstructor54.66666794
STEVEmaleinstructor16.83333397
BERTmaleinstructor13.66666698
RUSSmaleinstructor47.33333206
ouldbeseparatedfromeachother
byacomma,spaceortab(andvaluesthatcontainspacesshouldbeenclosedinquotesas
in“BillSmith”).
Toreadthisfile,gotoFile|Open|VNA|llreadthe
fileandopentheNodeSelectorwindow,whichlookslikethis:
Usingthiswindowyoucanselectanattribute(IDisselectedbydefault),andthenuse
thatclickonandoffnodeswithspecificproperties,suchasfemalesorinstructors.
Nowsupposeyouwanttochangethecolorsofnodestoreflectanodeattribute,suchas
operties|Nodes|Colors|ByAttribute.A
dialogueboxwillopenwhichletsyouchoosetheattribute(gender)andthenchoosethe
logueboxlookslikethis:
Youmightalsowanttochangetheshapeofthenodestoreflecttherolethatpersonplays
inthegroup(asindicatedbytheRolevariable).Todothis,goto
Properties|Nodes|Shape|byattribute,whichopensadialogueboxverysimilartothecolor
box,exceptinsteadofcolors,ingsimilarcanbedonewiththe
sizeofnodes.
Aftersettingeachgendertothedesiredcolor,eachroletodesiredshape,andmakingthe
sizeofthenodesproportionaltotheirbetweennesscentrality,thenetworkdiagramlooks
likethis:
HOLLY
BRAZEY
CAROL
PAM
PAT
JENNIE
PAULINE
ANN
MICHAEL
BILL
LEE
DON
JOHN
HARRY
GERY
STEVE
BERT
RUSS
VNADataFormat
TheVNAdataformatallowstheusertostorenotonlynetworkdatabutalsoattributesof
thenodes,alongwithinformationabouthowtodisplaythem(color,size,etc.).Akey
rwords,insteadof
usingnumericcodes,thegendervariablecanhavevalueslike“male”and“female”.
Hereisashortexampleofavnafile:
*nodedata
IDnamegenderage
j101joemale56
w067wendyfemale23
b303billmale48
*tiedata
fromtofriendsadvice
j101w06713
w067j10101
j101b30312
w067b30306
nsistofsectionscalled“starsections”.Not
everyfilehastohaveeverypossiblestarsection,
moment,thereare3possiblestarsections(soontobe6).Theyare:
*nodedata
*nodeproperties
*tiedata
ndofthisdocumentisacompleteVNAfile.
NodeDataSection
Thean
example:
*nodedata
idgenderrolebetweenness
HOLLYfemaleparticipant78.33333588
BRAZEYfemaleparticipant0
CAROLfemaleparticipant1.333333373
PAMfemaleparticipant32.5
PATfemaleparticipant39.5
JENNIEfemaleparticipant6.333333492
PAULINEfemaleparticipant12.5
ANNfemaleparticipant0.5
MICHAELmaleparticipant58.83333206
BILLmaleparticipant0
LEEmaleparticipant5
DONmaleparticipant16.33333397
JOHNmaleparticipant0
HARRYmaleparticipant2.333333254
GERYmaleinstructor54.66666794
STEVEmaleinstructor16.83333397
BERTmaleinstructor13.66666698
RUSSmaleinstructor47.33333206
Thefirstline(“*nodedata”)identifiesthesectionascontainingnodedata.
Thelinefollowing“*nodedata”stvariableisassumed
enumericortext,aslongaseachnodehasadistinct
alue(foranyvariable)containsspacesorotherextraneouspunctuation,it
shouldbeenclosedinfullquotes,asin:
“JohnBarrymore”
Followingthelineofvariablenamesistheactualdatacorrespondingtothosevariables.
Allfollowinglinesareassumedtobenodedatauntilanewstarcommandisreadorthe
endofthefileisreached.
NodePropertiesSection
Thenodepropertiessectionisverysimilartothenodedatasection,exceptthatthe
variablesallrefertodisplaycharacteristicsofthenodes,suchassize,color,andshape.
Hereisanexample:
*Nodeproperties
IDxycolorshapesize
"HOLLY"1
"BRAZEY"84742255110
"CAROL"10
"PAM"10
"PAT"10
"JENNIE"10
"PAULINE"1
"ANN"133
"MICHAEL"791365255110
"BILL"78552255110
"LEE"8
"DON"994195255110
"JOHN"776894255110
"HARRY"945214255110
"GERY"6
"STEVE"338636255110
"BERT"282897255110
"RUSS"543814255110
Asbefore,thefirstline(“*nodeproperties”)identifiesthesectionascontainingnode
efollowing“*nodeproperties”rom
thefirstvariable,whichmustbeID,alltheothervariablescanbeinanyorder,andnone
heyarepresent,theymustbenamedexactlyas
le“X”le“Y”
istheverticalcoordinate(the0,0pointisthetopleftcornerofthedrawingarea).
Variable“Color”isthecolorofthenode(inhexadecimal).Variable“Shape”istheshape
ofthenode(circle,square,up-triangle,etc.).Variable“Size”isthesizeofthenodesin
y,(notshownintheexample),thevariable“Shortlabel”givesthelabelfor
eachnode(ifnotgiven,theprogramusestheIDcode).
Followingthelineofvariablenamesistheactualdatacorrespondingtothosevariables.
TieData
TheTieDatasectioncontainsdyadicdata–thepresence/absenceorstrengthoftie
anexample:
*Tiedata
fromtotalkstrength
HOLLYPAM11
HOLLYPAT13
HOLLYDON12
BRAZEYLEE11
BRAZEYSTEVE12
BRAZEYBERT13
CAROLPAM11
CAROLPAT12
CAROLPAULINE13
PAMJENNIE13
PAMPAULINE11
…
Thesecondlinecontainsthelistofdyadicvariables(relations),exceptthatthefirsttwo
variablesarenecessarilycalled“from”and“to”
thisexample,therearetworelations(called“talk”and“strength”).
inesuchas“HollyPam11”
ofzeroare
assumedtoindicatetheabsenceofatieonagivenrelation.
Puttingitalltogether
Notallpossiblesectionsneedtobeinagivenfile–anexample
ofafilewithallsections:
*Nodedata
ID,gender,role,betweenness
HOLLYfemaleparticipant78.33333588
BRAZEYfemaleparticipant0
CAROLfemaleparticipant1.333333373
PAMfemaleparticipant32.5
PATfemaleparticipant39.5
JENNIEfemaleparticipant6.333333492
PAULINEfemaleparticipant12.5
ANNfemaleparticipant0.5
MICHAELmaleparticipant58.83333206
BILLmaleparticipant0
LEEmaleparticipant5
DONmaleparticipant16.33333397
JOHNmaleparticipant0
HARRYmaleparticipant2.333333254
GERYmaleinstructor54.66666794
STEVEmaleinstructor16.83333397
BERTmaleinstructor13.66666698
RUSSmaleinstructor47.33333206
*Nodeproperties
IDxycolorshapesizeshortlabel
HOLLY116HOLLY
BRAZEY10BRAZEY
CAROL671612255110CAROL
PAM985127255110PAM
PAT8PAT
JENNIE729187255110JENNIE
PAULINE69590255110PAULINE
ANN877818255110ANN
MICHAEL0MICHAEL
BILL38BILL
LEE61744255110LEE
DON281656255110DON
JOHN6JOHN
HARRY382410255110HARRY
GERY1GERY
STEVE64394255110STEVE
BERT348812255110BERT
RUSS10RUSS
*Tiedata
fromtofriendsstrength
HOLLYPAM11
PATHOLLY12
PAULINEPAT12
JOHNRUSS13
HARRYHOLLY12
HARRYMICHAEL11
BERTRUSS13
RUSSGERY11
RUSSSTEVE13
RUSSBERT12
HOLLYBRAZEY07
HOLLYCAROL017
BRAZEYPAULINE07
BRAZEYANN06
BRAZEYMICHAEL015
PAMMICHAEL09
PAMBILL016
PAMLEE013
JENNIEBRAZEY08
PAULINEJENNIE05
PAULINEANN04
ANNPAT07
ANNMICHAEL09
BILLLEE010
DONANN012
DLDataFormat
TheDLprotocolisaflexiblelanguagefordescribingdataanditselfencompassesanumberof
ftheseformats–nodelist,edgelistandfullmatrix–aredescribedhere.
rovidedwiththeprogram.
NodelistFormat
eateatextfileusinganywordprocessor(make
suretoremembertosaveastext).Enterthedatainthefollowingformat:
dl
n=50
format=nodelist
data:
1782
31921496
26
…
The"DL""n=50"tellsprogramtoexpect
"format=nodelist"tellstheprogramtoexpectthenodelistformat
(asopposedtoedgelistandfullmatrix).Theword"data:"(don'tforgetthecolon)markstheend
ofinformationaboutthedataandthebeginningofthedataitself.
Thefirstlineofthedata("1782")saysthatperson1hastiestothreepeople,whoare7,8and
ondline,"3192149
6"saysthatperson3hastiestofourpeople,whoare19,21,49and6.
Importantnote:eachvalueisseparatedbyaspace(ortab).Eachvalueisa"sequential"ID
"sequential"'thavearbitraryID
numberslike"1001"ornon-numericIDslike"BOS007"or"Steve"unlessyouaddthewords
"Labelsembedded"sometimebeforethe"data:"statement,asfollows:
dl
n=50
labelsembedded
format=nodelist
data:
binladgeobustonblaikenski
bilstejeabarsteborjudclajandoe
kenskijandoe
…
Thesenamesorlabelsmustbelessthan20characterslongandshouldnotcontainspacesor
punctuation(asin"osamabinladen")unlesstheyareenclosedinfullquotes.
ngnodelistformatisprovidedwiththeprogram.
EdgelistFormat
Thisformatrequiresmoretypingbutisconvenientwhenenteringdataasoneencountersit,such
,createatextfileusingany
wordprocessor(makesuretoremembertosaveastext).Enterthedatainthefollowingformat:
dl
n=50
format=edgelist
data:
17
18
12
319
…
Notethat"nodelist"hasbeenreplacedby"edgelist",after"data:",
thedataareinpairs,stline("17")saysthatpersons1and7
eringofnodeswithinin
apair,andofpairswithinthefile,isimmaterial.
Aswiththenodelistformat,youcanalsousenon-sequential,non-numericIDsaslongasyouadd
thewords"Labelsembedded"sometimebeforethe"data:"statement,asfollows:
dl
n=50
labelsembedded
format=edgelist
data:
binladgeobus
binladtonblai
binladkenski
bilstejeabar
…
FullMatrixFormat
,createatextfileusing
anywordprocessororwithExcel(makingsuretoremembertosaveastext).Enterthedatain
thefollowingformat:
dl
n=5
format=fullmatrix
data:
00100
00011
10010
01100
01000
Here,theformatstatementreads"format=fullmatrix".Then,after"data:",thedataareintheform
=5,strowhasvalues
0,0,1,0,0,rast,thesecond
rowofthetableshowsthatperson2hastieswithperson4andperson5.
Notethatthisformatdoesnothaveidcodesatall:peopleareidentifiedbytheirpositioninthe
rthcolumncorrespondstothefourth
person,andsoon.
However,non-numericlabelscanbeaddedwith"labelsembedded"statementasfollows:
dl
n=5
labelsembedded
format=fullmatrix
data:
BillJanJimSueZoe
Bill00100
Jan00011
Jim10010
Sue01100
Zoe01000
udothat,therestiseasy.
TechnicalSupport
Feelfreetocontactme(steve@;+)forhelportoreportbugsorto
makesuggestionsforimprovements.