英语职称考试
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2023年2月12日发(作者：)经典资料,ＷＯＲＤ文档,可编辑修改
经典考试资料,答案附后,看后必过,ＷＯＲＤ文档,可修改
2015年职称英语等级考试试题-综合A
第1部分：词汇选项第1~15题,每题1分,共15分
下面共有15个句子,每个句子中均有1个词或短语画有底横线,请从每个句子后面所给的4
个选项中选择1个与画线部分意义最相近的词或短语;答案一律涂在答题卡相应的位置上;
1Theunionrepresentativeputacrossherargumentveryeffectively.
AexplainedBinventedCconsideredDaccepted
2Hetalkstoughbuthasatenderheart.
AheavyBstrongCkindDwild
3Itisnousedebatingtherelativemeritsofthispolicy.
AmakingBtakingCdiscussingDexpecting
4Ourstatisticsshowthatweconsumeallthatwearecapableofproducing
AwasteBbuyCuseDsell
5Thefueltankshadacapacityof140liters.
AfunctionBabilityCpowerDvolume
6Ourlivesareintimatelyboundupwiththeirs.
AtenselyBnearlyCcarefullyDclosely
7Herfaithupheldherintimesofsadness
AsupportedBexcitedCinspiredDdirected
8Thebookprovidesaconciseanalysisofthecountry’shistory.
AcleanBperfectCrealDbrief
9Itislaiddownintheregulationsthatallmembersmustcarrytheirmembershipcards
atalltimes.
AsuggestedBwarnedCstatedDconfirmed
10Thecouncilmeetingterminatedat2o’clock
AbeganBcontinuedCendedDresumed
11Aredflagwasplacedthereasatokenofdanger.
AsignBsubstituteCproofDtarget
12Howeverbadthesituationis,themajorityisunwillingtoriskchange.
AreluctantBeagerCpleasedDangry
13IthasbeensaidthattheActsprovidedanewcourseofactionanddidnotmerely
regulateorenlargeanoldone.
AlimitBcontrolCreplaceDoffset
14Thesecretaryisexpectedtoexploreideasforpost-warreconstructionofthearea.
AdenyBinvestigateCstressDcreate
15Thesteadilyrisingcostoflaboronthewaterfronthasgreatlyincreasedthecost
ofshippingcargobywater.
AgraduallyBsuddenlyCexcessivelyDexceptionally
第2部分：阅读判断第16~22题,每题1分,共7分
阅读下面这篇短文,短文后列出7个句子,请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断;如果该句提
供的是正确信息,请在答题卡上把A涂黑；如果该句提供的是错误信息,请在答题卡上把B涂黑；
如果该句的信息文章中没有提及,请在答题卡上把C涂黑
PrinciplesofGoverningPersuasion
Ifleadershipconsistsofgettingthingdonethroughothers,thenpersuasionisoneoftheleader’s
ecutiveshaveassumedthatthistoolisbeyondtheirgrasp,availableonlytothe
charismatic有魅力的epastseveraldecades,though,experimental
psychologistshavelearnedwhichmethodsreliablyleadpeopletoconcede,comply,
researchshowsthatpersuasionisgovernedbyseveralprinciplesthatcanbetaughtandapplied.
Thefirstprincipleisthatpeoplearemorelikelytofollowsomeonewhoissimilartothemthan
nagers,then,,peoplearemore
willingtocooperatewiththosewhoarenotonlylikethembutwholikethem,’sworththe
timetouncoverrealsimilaritiesandoffergenuinepraise.
Third,experimentsconfirmtheintuitivetruththatpeopletendtotreatyouthewayyoutreatthem.
It’,individualsaremorelikelytokeeppromises
sageformanagershereistogetcommitmentsinwriting.
Fifth,studiesshowthatpeoplereallydodeferto服从retheyattempttoexert
influence,executivesshouldtakepainstoestablishtheirownexpertiseandnotassumethatit’s
y,peoplewantmoreofacommoditywhenit’sscarce;itfollows,then,thatexclusive
informationismorepersuasivethanwidelyavailabledata.
16Experimentshaveconfirmedtheassumptionofmanyexecutives.
ArightBWrongCNotmentioned
17Peoplearemorelikelytocooperatewiththosewholikethem.
ArightBWrongCNotmentioned
18Managersdonotemploythosewhoarequitedifferentfromthem.
ArightBWrongCNotmentioned
19Thereisnoneedforamanagertofindoutthemeritsofhisemployees.
ArightBWrongCNotmentioned
20Experimentshaveshownthat,contrarytoourexpectation,peopletendtotreatyouthewayyou
treatthem.
ArightBWrongCNotmentioned
21Thereareasmanywisemanagersastherearestupidones.
ArightBWrongCNotmentioned
22Exclusiveinformationismorepersuasivethanwidelyknowndata.
ArightBWrongCNotmentioned
第3部分：概括大意与完成句子第23~30题,每题1分,共8分
阅读下面这篇短文,短文后有2项测试任务：
1第23~26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2,3,5和6段每段选择1个正确的小标题；
2第27~30题要求从所给的6个选项中选择4个正确选项,分别完成每个句子;请将答案涂在
答题卡相应的位置上;
KeepingCutFlowers
1Whileeverybodyenjoysfreshcutflowersaroundhishouse,fewpeopleknowhowtokeepthem
ybedonebykeepinginmindafewsimplefacts.
2Animportantth
example,studieshaveshownthatcutcarnations康乃馨retaintheirfreshnesseighttimeslongerwhen
gfreshlyharvestedflowersattherighttemperaturesis
probablythemostimportantaspectofflowercare.
iologicalpurposeissimplytoattract
birdsorinsects,suchasbees,forpollination授粉.Afterthat,cess
bywhichflowersconsumeoxygenandproducecarbondioxide二氧化碳,calledrespiration呼吸,
gingofseedsalso
lllivingthingsrespire,t
ofallthisrespirationisheat,andforflowersthelevelofheatrelativetothemassoftheflowerisvery
egreaterthelevelof
respiration,thesoonertheflowerdies.
4How,then,espiration
thatrespirationproducesheat,butthereverseisalso
maintaininglowtemperatures,respirationisreducedandthecutflowerwillagemore
slowly.
5Anothervitalfactorinkeepingcutflowersisthequalityofthewaterinwhichtheyareplaced.
Flowersfinditdifficultto“drink”enwaterlooksand
smellsclean,italhe
wateroftheseunwantedsubstances,householdchlorinebleach含氯漂白剂canbeusedinsmall
commendedthat15dropsofchlorinebleachat4%solutionbeaddedtoeachlitreof
erandsolutionshouldalsobereplacedeachday.
AControlofRespirationBBeautyofFreshCutFlowers
CRoleofRespirationDMostImportantAspectofFlowerCare
ENeedforCleanWaterFWaysofStoppingRespiration
23Paragraph2__________________
24Paragraph3__________________
25Paragraph4__________________
26Paragraph5__________________
27Afewsimplefactswillhelpyoukeepcutflowers_______________
28Respirationplaysakeyrole________________
29Theagingofcutflowerscanbesloweddown_________________
30Anotherimportantwaytoprolongthelifeofcutflowersis____________________
Abykeepingitsoriginalshapeandcolour
Binthelifeofthecutflower
Ctoproducecarbondioxide
Dforaslongaspossible
Ebycontrollingtemperature
Ftoreplacethewaterandsolutioneveryday
第4部分：阅读理解第31~45题,每题3分,共45分
下面有3篇短文,每篇短文后有5道题,每道题后面有4个选项;请根据文章的内容,从每题所给
的4个选项中选择个最佳答案,涂在答题卡相应的位置上;
第一篇“Salty”RicePlantBoostsHarvests
Britishscientistsarebreedinganewgenerationofriceplantsthatwillbeabletogrowinsoil
orkmayenableabandonedfarmstobecomeproductiveoncemore.
TimFlowersandTonyYeo,fromSussexUniversity’sSchoolofBiologicalSciences,havespent
severalyearsresearchinghowcrops,suchasrice,couldbemadetogrowinwaterthathasbecome
salty.
Thepairhaverecentlybegunathree-yearprogramme,fundedbytheBiotechnologyand
BiologicalSciencesResearchCouncil,toestablishwhichgenesenablesomeplantstosurvivesalty
istobreedthiscapabilityintocrops,startingwithrice.
Itisestimatedthateachyearmorethan10mhectares公顷ofagriculturallandarelostbecause
saltgetsintothesoilandstunts妨碍生长
tropics,mangroves红树林thatcreateswamps沼泽andtraditionallyformedbarrierstoseawater
editerranean,aseriesofdroughtshavecausedthewatertabletodrop,
allowingseawatertoseep渗透nAmerica,irrigationoftencausesproblemswhenwateris
evaporated蒸发bytheheat,leavingsaltdepositsbehind.
oncentrations
ofmineralsintheplantsstopthemdrawingupthewatertheyneedtosurvive.
Toovercometheseproblems,FlowersandYeodecidedtobreedriceplantsthattakeinverylittle
slatandstorewhattheydoabsorbincellsthatdonotaffecttheplants‘vestartedto
breedthesecharacteristicsintoanewricecrop,butitwilltakeabouteightharvestsbeforetheresulting
seedsarereadytobeconsideredforcommercialuse.
Oncethecharacteristicsforsurvivingsaltysoilareknown,FlowersandYeowilltrytobreedthe
athasbeenabandonedtonaturewill
thenbeabletobloomagain,providingmuchneededfoodinthepoorercountriesoftheworld.
31WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutFlowersandYeoistrue
ATheyarestudentsatSussexUniversity.
BTheyarericebreeders.
CTheyarehusbandandwife.
DTheyarecolleaguesataninstitutionofhigherlearning.
32FlowersandYeohavestartedaprogramme
Atofindwaystopreventwaterpollution.
Btoidentifygenesthatpromotegrowthinsaltysoil.
Ctobreedriceplantsthattastesalty.
Dtofindwaystoremoveexcessivesaltfromsoil.
33WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedasacauseoftheproblemdiscussedinthepassage
ANaturalbarrierstoseawaterhavebeendestroyed.
Bthewatertablehasgonedownafterdroughts.
CSealevelhasbeencontinuouslyrising.
DEvaporationofwaterleavessaltbehind
34Theword“affect”inParagraph6couldbebestreplacedby
A“influence”
B“effect”
C“stop”
D“present”
35Theattitudeoftheauthortowardstheresearchprojectis
Apositive
Bnegative.
Csuspicious
Dindifferent.
第二篇Ford’sAssemblyLine
Whenitcomestosinglingoutthosewhohavemadeadifferenceinallourlives,youcannot
rianacenturyfromnowmightwellconcludethatitwasFordwhomost
influencedallmanufacturing,everywhere,eventothisday,byintroducinganewwaytomakecars-one,
strangetosay,thatoriginatedinslaughterhouses屠宰场;
Backintheearly1900‘s,slaughterhousesusedwhatcouldhavebeencalleda“disassemblyline”;
Fordreversedthisprocesstoseeifitwouldspeedupproductionofapartofanautomobileengine
thanhaveeachworkercompletelyassembleamagneto,oneofitselements
wasplacedonaconveyer,andeachworker,asitpassed,addedanothercomponenttoit,thesameone
sorDavidHounshelloftheUniversityofDelaware,anexpertonindustrial
development,tellswhathappened.
“Thepreviousday,workerscarryingouttheentireprocesshadaveragedoneassemblyevery20
hatday,ontheline,theassembleteamaveragedoneevery13minutesand10seconds
perperson.”
Withinayear,1913,
togetherbyropes,partiallyassembledvehiclesweretowed拖,拉pastworkerswhocompletedthem
‘tlongbeforeFordwasturningoutseveralhundredthousandcarsayear,a
fficientandeconomicalwasthisnewsystemthathecutthe
priceofhiscarsinhalf,to$260,puttingthemwithinreachofallthosewho,upuntilthattime,could
,,heencouragedthemtodosoby
writingabookaboutallofhisinnovations,oftheAutomobile
,aidedbyrobotsandotherformsofautomation自动化,everythingfromtoastersto
perfumesismadeonassemblylines.
36WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutHenryFordisNOTtrue
AHeintroducedanewwayofproduction.
BHeinfluencedallmanufacturing.
CHeinspiredotherautomakers.
DHechangedahistorian’smind.
37Thewritermentions”slaughterhouses”becausetheyweretheplaceswhere
AFord’sassemblylineoriginated
BFordmadehisfirstcar.
CFordreadjustedtheassemblyline.
DFordinnovatedthedisassemblyline.
38Amagnetoisatechnicaltermfor
Aanautomobile.
Baproductionline
Capartofanautomobileengine.
Dadisassemblyline
39thephrase”turningout”inthelastparagraphcouldbebestreplacedby
A“producing”
B“selling”
C“buying”
D“fixing”
40TheinventionoftheassemblylineenabledHenryFord
Atocreatemorejobsfortheunemployed
Btowriteabookonhistory
Ctoreducethepriceofhiscarsto$260
Dtocuttheproductionofhiscarsby50%
第三篇Play
Playistheprincipalbusinessofchildhood,andinrecentyearsresearchhasshownthegreat
rliestinfancy,everychildneeds
opportunityandtherightmaterialsforplay,ainfunctionis
tosuggest,eedinthistheymustbegoodtoys,whichchildrenwill
playwithoften,oreitisimportanttochoosesuitabletoys
fordifferentstagesofachild’sdevelopment.
Inrecentyearsresearchoninfantdevelopmenthasshownthatthestandardachildislikelyto
reach,withintherangeofhisinheritedabilities,islargelydeterminedinthefirstthreeyearsofhislife.
Soababy’sabhois
encouragedandstimulated,talkedtoandshownthingsandplayedwith,hasthebestchanceofgrowing
upsuccessfully.
Inthenextstage,fromthreetofiveyearsold,ypeofsuitable
toyshouldbemadeavailabletothechild,fortryingout,experimentingandlearning,fordiscovering
andjigsaws七巧板andconstructiontoys;painting,scribbling涂鸦
andmakingthings;sandandwaterplay;toysforimaginativeandpretendingplay;thefirstsocial
gamesforlearningtoplayandgetonwithothers.
Btthethirdstageo
forafewmoreyearsplayisstillthebestwayoflearning,siertoseewhich
typeoftoysthechillsmostenjoys.
Untiltheageofsevenoreight,ereading
hasbeenmastered,estillinteresting
andvaluable,theyleadontonewhobbies,buttheirsignificancehaschanged-toachildofniceorten
years,toysandgamesmean,astoadults,relaxationandfun.
41Thepassagetellsusthatasachildgrowsup
Aheshouldbeallowedtochoosehisowntoys.
Bheshouldbegivenidenticaltoys.
Cheshouldbegivendifferenttoys.
Dheshouldbegivenfewerandfewertoys.
42Accordingtothepassage,theabilitiesachildhasinheritedfromhisparents
Adeterminehischaracter
Bwillnotchangeaftertheageofthree.
Cpartlydeterminethestandardheislikelytoreach.
Dtoalargeextentdeterminethechoiceoftoys.
43Whohavethebestchanceofgrowingupsuccessfully
AThosewhotendtoovereat
BThosewhoaregivenalotoftoys.
CThosewhoaregiventoys,talkedtoandplayedwith.
DThosewhocansharetheirtoyswiththeirplaymates.
44Welearnfromthepassagethatachildhasboundlesscuriosity
Awhenheistwo
Bwhenheisaroundfour.
Cwhenheissix.
Dwhenheiseight.
45Thepassageismainlyabout
Atheimportanceofpre-schooleducation
Btheimportanceofschooling.
Ctheroleofplayinachild’sdevelopment
Dthechoiceoftoysforadolescents.
第5部分：补全短文第46~50题,每题2分,共10分
阅读下面的短文,文章中有5处空白,文章后面有6组文字,请根据文章的内容选择5组文字,
将其分别放回文章原来位置,以恢复文章原貌;请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上;
ScienceandTechnology
ehastodowithdiscoveringthefactsand
relationshipsbetweenobservablephenomenainnatureandwithestablishingtheoriesthatserveto
organizethesefactsandrelationships;technologyhastodowithtools,techniques,andproceduresfor
applyingthefindingsof47
ists,whoseektounderstandtheuniverseand
knowthetruthwithinthehighestdegreeofaccuracyandcertainty,cannotpayattentiontotheirownor
otherpeople’nanunpleasanttruth
ismorethanlikelytobeuseful;besideswehavethechoiceofrefusingtobelieveitButhardlyso
withtechnology;wedonothavethechoiceofrefusingtohearthesoundproducedbyasupersonic超
音速的aircraftflyingoverhead;wecannotrefusetobreathepolluted49Thepurposeoftechnologyis
toservepeople-peopleingeneral,notmerelysomepeople;andfuturegenerations,notmerelythose
whopresentlywishtogainadvantageforthemselves.
__________50Manypeopleblametechnologyitselfforwidespreadpollution,resourcedepletion
枯竭andevensocialdecayingeneral-somuchsothatthepromiseoftechnologyis“obscured“.
applicationsofscienceandtechnologydonot
leadtoabetterworld,whatelsewill
AAnotherdistinctionbetweenscienceandtechnologyhastodowiththeprogressineach.
BUnlikescience,progressintechnologymustbemeasuredintermsofthehumanfactor.
CWhatscientistsdiscovermayshockorangerpeople---asdidDarwin’stheoryofevolution.
DScienceandtechnologyaredifferent.
EWeareallfamiliarwiththeimproperuseoftechnology.
FScienceisamethodofansweringtheoreticalquestions;technologyisamethodofsolving
practicalproblems.
第6部分：完形填空第51~65题,每题1分,共15分
阅读下面的短文,文中有15处空白,每处空白给出了4个选项同,请根据短文的内容从4个选
项中选择1个最佳答案,涂在答题卡相应的位置上
CostasaFactorinSupply
Inapurelycompetitivemarket,thesupplierofgoodsandserviceshasnocontroloverthemarket
price,differencebetweenhis
productsandtheproducts________51hiscompetitors,hewillsellnothingifhechargesabovethe
marketpriceandhewillsellallifhechargesator__________r,in
consideringtheprice,hemusttakethe____________re
ghthappenwhenpricestumble
for__________r,nobusinesspersoncan__________55to
beconstantly__________56ofhiscostsinrelationtothe
marketpriceifheistocompetessuccessfullyandearnaprofit.
Manypeoplehavetheimpressionthatasproductionincreases,costsperunit57massproduction
hasmadethistrueincertainindustriesandatcertainlevelsofproduction,________58logicand
practicalexperienceshaveshownthatcostsperunitbegintorisebeyondacertainlevelofproduction.
Someeconomists_________59tothisprincipleasthelawofincreasingcosts.
Thereasoncostsriseasproductiongoesupis__________r,itiseasytorecognizethat
asproductiongoesup,theneedforadditionalfactorsofproductionwillalso
grow,__________ducer
needs___________62skilledlabortoproducemore,andnoneofthislaborisunemployed,the
producerwillhavetoget__________nbedoneby
___________
mustalsorecognizethatnotalllaborisequallyproductive,___________65notalllandisequally
fertileandnotallore矿石isequallyrichinthemineralwanted.
51AtoBatCofDon
52AbelowBbeneathCoverDabove
53ApriceBcostCworthDprofit
54AthatBwhyCwhatDif
55AaffordBpretendCofferDtry
56AsureBafraidCawareDsuspicious
57ABecauseBSinceCWhenDWhile
58AbothBneitherCnoneDany
59AresortBreferCturnDattend
60AclearBsimpleCdifficultDcomplex
61AbringingBresultinginCincludingDcarryingout
62AlessBnumerousCmoreDmany
63AthemBtheseCitDthose
64AofferingBcuttingCreducingDhaving
65AasifBjustasCbecauseDwhile
答案：
1A2C3C4C5D6D7A8D9C10C11A12A13B14B15A
16B17A18C19B20B21C22A23D24C25A26E27D28B29E30F
31D32B33C34A35A36D37A38C39A40C41C42C43C44B45C
46F47A48C49B50E51C52A53B54C55A56C57D58A59B60D61B
62C63C64A65B