被动语态结构
-含云的成语
2023年2月14日发(作者：林肯图标)被动语态复习
A．熟记结构
被动语态的结构为“助动词be＋及物动词的过去分词p．p”;被动语态的不同时态是通过be的时态变
化来表示的,其人称和数方面应与主语保持一致;其具体变化为：
一般现在时：am／is／are＋p．p．
一般过去时：was／were＋p．p．
一般将来时：shall／willbe＋p．p．
现在完成时：have／hasbeen＋p．p．
现在进行时：am／is／are＋being＋p．p．
过去将来时：should／wouldbe＋p．p．
含情态动词的被动结构：情态动词＋be＋p．p．例如：
①Chinese______bythelargestnumberofpeople．
A．speakB．isspeakingC．speaksD．isspoken
②Theboy______togetsupperreadyafterschool．
A．weretoldB．istellingC．wastoldD．tells
③Alotofnewroads______builtinthewestofChina．
A．mustB．mustbeC．hasD．have
B．明确用法
被动语态常用于以下两种情况：
1．不知道谁是动作的执行者,或者没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者；
2．强调动作的承受者;例如：
这棵树是那个男孩弄断的;
Thetree____________bythatboy．
C．熟练转换
1．将主动语态变被动语态的基本方法为：
①将主动语态的宾语作被动语态的主语；
②谓语动词变为“be＋及物动词的过去分词”,并通过be的变化来表达出不同的时态；
③主动语态的主语变为介词by的宾语,组成介词短语放在被动结构中的谓语动词之后;有时by短语可以
省略;
2．被动语态的一般疑问句是将一个助动词置于主语之前；否定句是在第一个助动词后加not；特殊疑
问句的语序为：疑问词＋一般疑问句;例如：
①Youmustthrowthebrokenpotteryawayatonce．
Thebrokenpottery________________________atonce．同义句
②Wheredidtheygrowvegetables改为被动语态
Where______vegetables______
D．注意特例
将主动语态变被动语态应注意几个特殊情况：
1．含双宾语的主动结构变为被动结构时,有两种方法：
①将间接宾语变为主语,直接宾语保持不变；
②将直接宾语变为主语,间接宾语用介词to或for引导;例如：
①Hetoldusastory．变被动语态
→Weweretoldastorybyhim．或：Astorywastoldtousbyhim．
②Hermothergaveheranewpen．变被动语态
Anewpen__________________herbyhermother．
2．短语动词的被动语态：在变为被动语态时,要将短语动词视为一个整体,其后的介词或副词不能省去;
例如：
①Thisdictionarymustn't______fromthelibrary．
A．takeawayB．takenawayC．aretakenawayD．betakenaway
②Shewilltakegoodcareofthechildren．变被动语态
Thechildrenwill______________________________byher．
3．含有复合宾语的主动结构变被动结构时,通常将宾语变为被动句的主语,而宾语补足语就成为主语补
足语;注意：省略to的不定式作宾补时,不定式符号to必须补上;例如：
SomeonesawhimswiminQianlingLakeyesterday．变被动
He__________________swiminQianlingLakeyesterday．
4．不定式的被动结构：动词不定式的被动语态为“tobe＋过去分词”;例如：
Theradiosaysawildanimalzooisto______inourcity．
A．bebuildingB．buildC．bebuiltD．built
5．以疑问代词开头的疑问句转换成被动句时要注意词序：应将主动句中的疑问代词改为介词by的宾语,
但仍然放在句子开头;例如：
Whohasbrokenthecup改为被动语态→Bywhomhasthecupbeenbroken
E．注意区别
被动语态和过去分词作表语的区别：
1含义不同：被动语态强调动作,重点说明动作由谁完成、怎样完成；而过去分词作表语通常用来描写
情景,叙述人或事物的特征及所处的状态;试比较：
Thewindowisbroken．窗子破了;系表结构
Thewindowisbrokenbyhim．窗子被他打破了;被动语态
2用法不同：过去分词作表语时可以被so,very,too等程度副词修饰,而被动语态则不能用so,very,too
修饰,而需用much,verymuch,somuch,toomuch修饰;试比较：
Hewasveryinterestedinscience．他对科学有极大兴趣;系表结构
IwassomuchsurprisedatthescenethatIdidn'tknowwhattodo．我被那种场面搞得大吃一
惊,不知所措;被动语态
F．牢记相关句型
教材中与被动语态相关的句型有：
1．becoveredwith被……覆盖
2．bemadeof由……制作发生物理变化bemadefrom由……制作发生化学变化
bemadein由某地制造bemadeby被某人制造
3．beusedfor被用来……beusedas被当作作为……来使用beusedtodosth．被
用来做某事
4．Itissaidthat．．．据说……Itishopedthat．．．希望……Itiswellknown
that．．．众所周知……例如：
①—Yourcoatlooksnice．Isit______cotton—Yes．It's_________Shanghai．
A．madeof；madebyB．madeof；madeinC．madefor；madebyD．madefor；
madein
②Thismachineisused______theroomwet．
A．forkeepingB．askeepingC．keepD．tokeeping
③据说在南京长江上又在建一座桥;
__________________that____________isbeing______overtheChangjiangRiverinNanjing．
几种特殊的被动语态
1.带不定式的被动语态;Thechildissuretobepunishedforthat.那个孩子肯定会因为那件事
受罚的;
2.带介词的动词短语的被动语态;Suchathinghasneverbeenheardof.这件事前所未闻;
3.带副词的动词短语的被动语态;Theradiohasjustbeenturnedoff.收音机刚刚被关上;
4.当sell,wash,clean,run,ride,wear,write等动词若有状语well,easily,badly来修饰时,
用主动形式表达被动意义;
Thepenwriteswell.这枝钢笔写字流畅;Thebooksellswell.这本书很畅销;
被动语态专项练习
一、选择题
1._____anewlibrary_____inourschoollastyear
;;;;build
dent____onthisroadlastweek.
ed
棉花____inthesoutheastofChina.
,themoon____bymanalready.
ited
nChinesehistory_____intheschoolhallnextweek.
ytrees____thisyear
d
things____bypeopletosavethelittlegirlnow.
done
8.--When___thiskindofcomputers______--Lastyear.
;;;;used
atWall____allovertheworld.
wn
_____thisbook_____
;;;;written
_____byGrannyyesterday.
keywasseen_____offthetree.
oolbag___behindthechair.
eople____well.
after
cher______carefully.
ened
二、用括号内所给动词的正确形式填空;
'ssaid据说thatthelongbridge______________buildintwomonths．
ohavethemeeting______________discussnow．
anguage_______themostwidely_______speakintheworld
tboy_____________notfindsofar．
aralargenumberoftrees______________cutdown．
dents_____often_____telltotakecareoftheirdesksandchairs.
______mustsendtothehospital.
bles,eggsandfruits_________sellinthisshop.
_______knives______makeofThey_______________makeofmetal金属andwood.
magazine________takeoutofthelibrary
m_____________cleanbymeeveryday.
rscan’t_____________seeinthedaytime.
owers_______________waterbyLiMingalready.
ndofshoes__________sellwell.
三、按要求改写下列句子,一空一词;
rowninSouthChina改为主动语态
_______people_________teainSouthChina
enabirthdaypresentbymyparentseveryyear．同义句转换
Abirthdaypresent____________________________bymyparentseveryyear．
kisgoingtobefinishedintwodays.对划线提问
How______________theworkgoingtobefinished
ldrenwillsinganEnglishsong.改为被动语态
AnEnglishsong___________________bythechildren.
dn'tdoitnow.改为被动语态
It______________________byyounow.
usemetalformakingmachines.改为被动语态
Metal________________________makingmachines.
medothatforhim.改为被动语态
I____________________________thatforhim.
ewatchingthefootballmatch.
Thefootballmatch_____________________bythem.
ybuildabridgehereayearago
改为被动语态
__________abridge____________herebythemayearago
vesoldoutthelightgreendresses.改为被动语态
Thelightgreendresses____________________________out.
thegame“Lianliankan”.改为被动语态
Thegame_______________“Lianliankan”byus.
四、根据所给汉语完成句子,一空一词;1×10=10分
①Thenewbike________________________买给我bymyparentsasapresentlastweek．
②_______yourmobilephone______________________是国产的吗
③Thewholemountainis__________________覆盖thesnow.
强化训练
noises____fromincreasing,people____shouttobeheardevenatdinner．
kept；kept；eep；
keep；haveto
thgenerationcomputers,withartificialintelligence,are____andperfectednow.
vebeendeveloped
3.-____thesportsmeetmightbeputoff.–Yes,italldependsontheweather.
A.I'vebeentoldB.I'vetoldC.I'
nemorestampbeforemycollection_____.
leted
rests_____andburnedatsuchaspeedthattheywilldisappearfromtheearthinthenearfuture.
ncut
suspensionbridge_____bytheendoflastmonth.
edesigned
encilispartlyinaglassofwater,itlooksasifit______.
nbroken
hanges______inthecity,andalotoffactories_______.
entakenplace;kenplace;havebeensetup
kenplace;kenplace;weresetup
it_______over60dollars.
10.-LookEverythinghereisunderconstruction.-What’stheprettysmallhousethat__for
ding
11.-Doyoulikethematerial-Yes,it___verysoft.
fficultforaforeigner_______Chinese.
n
omoreletters_______,thankyou.
reDon’tdroptheinkonyourshirt,forit_______easily.
’’’’twashing
out
noticedthethiefslipintothehousebecausethelightshappenedto________.
putersonthetable_______ProfessorSmith.
to
17.-Whatdoyouthinkofthebook-Oh,’sworth________asecondtime.
ead
irrelwasluckythatitjustmissed________.
h
geneeded________again.
ecked
20._______manytimes,theboystilldidn’tknowhowtodotheexercises
ng
idthatanewrobot________byhiminafewdays.
vebeendesigned
tthefilm_______bythetimewegettothecinema.
lreadyhavestarted
eadybeenstarted
lstopshowingoffifnonotice_______ofher.
en
d____inBrazilin1971.
nfound
25.-“Haveyoumovedintothenewflat”
-“m_______.”
gpainted
ures______untilnextFriday.
''''tbedeveloped
_______sincehelosthisjobthreeweeksago.
mployed
numberofcollegesanduniversities_______since1949.
nestablished
29.I'llhavetopushthecartothesideoftheroadbecausewe_______ifweleaveithere.
vebeenfined
30.“______egoandseeittogether”
vegiven
tome