英语虚拟语气
个人博客系统-带夜的诗句
2023年3月20日发(作者：秋天多美好)虚拟语气(SubjunctiveMood)这一语法项目是各类英语考试中心测试的重点
之一。虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式，用来表示说话人所说的话并不是事实，
而是一种假设、愿望、怀疑或推测。判断是真实条件句还是非真实条件句。只有
在非真实条件句中才使用虚拟语气。通过句子意思，看假设的条件是否能够实现，
能够实现是真实条件句，不能使用虚拟语气；假设的条件不能实现则是非真实条
件句，要用虚拟语气.判断这个假设是与哪个事实相反。通常有三种情况：①与过
去事实相反。②与现在事实相反。③与将来事实可能相反。
I:最基本的虚拟语气句型:
1.虚拟现在时表示与现在事实相反的假设，其if从句的谓语形式用动词的
过去式(be一般用were)，主句用would/should/could/might+动词原形。If
placeswerealike,therewouldbelittleneedforgeographers.如果各个地方都一
样，就不需要地理学家了。
2.虚拟过去时是表示与过去事实相反的假设，if从句的谓语形式用过去完
成时即had＋过去分词，主句用would/should/could/might+have+过去分词。
Ifhehadknownyouraddressyesterday,hewouldhavetelephonedyou.
3.虚拟将来时是表示对将来实现的可能性很小的或不确定的假设。If从句的
谓语形式用一般过去式或用wereto/should+动词原形，主句用would/
should/could/might+动词原形。Ifheweretoleavetoday,hewouldgetthereby
Friday
4.省略if采用倒装语序的条件句。有时可以把含有助动词、情态动词、be
或have的虚拟条件句中的连词if省去，而将had,should,were等词提到主语
之前，即用倒装结构。Ifhehadworkedharder,hewouldhavegotthroughthe
exams.==>Hadheworkedharder,
weretoleavetoday,hewouldgettherebyFriday.==>Werehetoleavetoday,
einyourplace,Iwouldn‟tdothat.==>Were
Iinyourplace,Iwouldn‟tdothat.
5.有时虚拟条件句并没用if从句表示出来，而是用介词短语(otherwise,or,
without,butfor)、上下文或其它方式来表示。如：Wedidn'tknowhistelephone
number;tyouhelp,Iwouldn‟t
（“要不是......”的意思）yourhelp,Iwouldnot
havesucceeded.
II:虚拟语气在从句中用should的情况:
1.在表示建议,要求,命令,想法的动词后的从句里,用should+动词原形,
should可以省略.如advise,agree,command,decide,demand,determine,
grant,indicate,insist,order,prefer,propose,request,require,stipulate,
suggest,urge,vote.常考到的是:suggest,advise,demand,require,propose,
insist,order,request.
Hisdoctorsuggestedthathe(should)takeshortleaveofabsence.
TheauthorproposedthatTV(should)beturnedoffatleastonehourevery
day.
2.在表示建议,要求,命令,想法的名词后的从句里,用should+动词原形,
should可以省略.如advice,decision,agreement,command,decree,demand,
determination,indication,insistence,order,preference,proposal,request,
requirement,stipulationetc.
ItwasBill‟ssuggestionthateveryone(should)haveamap.
Hissuggestionwasthateveryone(should)haveamap.
Hegaveusasuggestionthateveryone(should)haveamap.
3.在Itis/was+形容词后的that从句中用should的结构,should可以省略.
这类形容词常见的有:advisable,anxious,compulsory,crucial,desirable,eager,
essential,fitting,imperative(绝对必要),impossible,improper,important,natural,
necessary,obligatory,possible,preferable,probable,recommended,urgent,
vitaletc.
It„snaturalthatshe(should)doso.
Itisessentialthatwe(should)tellherthenews.
4.在lest和forfearthat(以免),incase(以防)从句中用should,should可
以省略.
Shewalkedquietlylestshe(should)wakeupherroommates.
Haveyourgunreadyincaseweshouldneedit.
III:wish后的that从句中:
1.表示现在或将来的愿望,从句中过去式.
IwishIknewhisaddress.
IwishIwereyoung.
2.表示过去没有实现或不可能实现的愿望,从句用过去完成式或would,
could,might+have+过去分词.
Iwishyouhadwrittentohim.
IwishIcouldhavesleptlongerthismorning,butIhadtogetupandcome
toclass.
3.如果将wish改成wished,其后that从句中动词的形式不变.
4.如果that从句中用would,一般表示对现状不满或希望未来有所改变
或请求
Iwishhewouldanswermyletter.
Iwishpriceswouldcomedown.
Iwishyouwouldhelpme.
Iwishyouwouldstopaskingsillyquestions.
IV:在It’sabout/high/first(second,thirdetc)time后的that从句中,用过去
式.表示“该是做什么的时候了”
Itisabouttimeyouwereinbed.
Itishightimeweleft.
ItisthefirsttimeIcamehere.
V:在wouldrather,wouldsooner,wouldjustassoon后的that从句中,用
过去式或过去完成式,表示“宁愿做什么”
Iwouldratherhecametomorrowthantoday.
Johnwouldratherthatshehadnotgonetothepartyyesterdayevening.
VI:在ifonly（“如果....就好了”的意思）感叹句中,谓语动词与wish宾语从句
的虚拟形式相同.
Ifonlyhedidn‟tdrivesofast!(现在)
Ifonlyshehadaskedsomeone‟sadvice.(过去)
Ifonlytherainwouldstop.(将来)
VII:在asif/asthough从句中,表示和现在事实相反或对现在情况有所怀疑,
用过去式;表示过去想象中的动作或情况,用过去完成式.
Hespeaksasifhewereonthespot.
ShespoketomeasifIweredeaf.
Thisdeviceoperatedasthoughithadbeenrepaired.
注:1.在asif/asthough句中,如果有可能成为事实,用陈述语气.
Helooksasifheisgoingtobeill.
2.在insist后的从句中,如果是坚持自己,用陈述语气,坚持别人做什么
事情,用虚拟语气.
Sheinsiststhatsheisright.
SheinsistedthatIshouldfinishtheworkatonce.