
英语名词性从句
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2023年3月17日发(作者:如何保护动物)名词性从句在复合句中具有名词的性质的作主语、表语、同位语、宾语的从句叫名词性从句。因此,
我们把主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句和宾语从句这四种从句统称为名词性从句。
种类作用常用关联词例句
主语从
句
在复合句中做主语,相当于名词,
一般置谓语之前,也可用it作形
式主语,主语从句放主句之后
that,whether,
if,asif,as
though,who,
whose,which,
how,when,
where,why,
what,
whatever,
whoever,
wherever
Whetherhewillcomeornot
doesn’tmattermuch.
Whoevercomesherewillbe
welcome.
表语从
句
在复合句中做表语,相当于名词,
位于系动词之后
Itlooksasifitisgoingtosnow.
宾语从
句
在复合句中做宾语,相当于名词
Heaskedmewhichteamcouldwin
thegame.
同位语
从句
放在名词之后(news,problem,
idea,suggestion,advice,
thought,hope,fact等)表明其
具体内容
Youhavenoideahowworriedwe
are.
Thefactthatheliedagain
greatlysurprisedus.
主语从句(subjectclauses)在复合句中起主语作用的从句叫主语从句。引导主语从句的词有从属连
词、、关系代词、连接副词等。引导主语从句的关联词有从属连词that、whether,关系代词:who,what,
which,whom,whose,whatever,whoever,whomever,whichever;关系副词:when,where,how,why,
however,whenever,wherever等。
Thatyoudon’tlikehimisnoneofmybusiness.你不喜欢她不管我的事。
Whathesaidistrue.他说的是真的。
Doyourememberhowhearrivedalmostattheendoftheparty你记得他几乎是在宴会快结束
时才到的吗Thisparty'sreallywhereit'sat,man!啊,这个晚会真棒!
Tellushowyoufulfilledtheheavytaskaheadofschedule.告诉我们,你们是怎样提前完成这
一艰巨任务的。
Wehavereasontobelievethatthefightingonthebordermaydevelopintoafull-blownwar.
(喻)我们有理由相信边境上的冲突可能发展成一场全面战争。
Hesaidthathewouldcome.他说他要来。
Whetherthefootballgamewillbeplayeddependsontheweather.足球比赛是否举行将视天气
而定。
表语从句用作表语的从句叫作表语从句,它位于主句中的连系动词之后。引导表语从句的词有从属
连词that、whether、asthough(if);关系代词who,what,which,whom,whose,whatever,whoever,
whomever,whichever等;关系副词when,where,why,how,however,whenever,wherever等。可
以接表语从句的连系动词由be,look,remain,seem等。That引导表语从句时,在口语中,间或可
以省略。
Thetroubleisthatweareshortofmoney.困难是我们资金短缺。
ThatiswhystonewallsareusedinsteadoffencesaroundNewEnglandfields.这就是为什
么在新英格兰用石头墙而不用栅栏的原因。
Atthattime,itseemedasifIcouldn'tthinkoftherightwordanyhow.当时,我似乎怎么
也想不出一个恰当的字眼来。
宾语从句(objectclauses)用作宾语的从句叫做宾语从句。宾语从句的位置与陈述句基本结构中的宾
语相同。宾语从句可作谓语动词的宾语,也可以作介词和非谓语动词(动词不定式、动名词、分词)
和某些形容词的宾语。宾语从句可以由从属连词thatwhether、if,关系代词what,who,whose,which
和关系副词when、where、how、why等引导。
Hesaidhewantedtogototown.他说他想去城里。
Ihopeyou'llbebettersoon.我希望你能很快好起来。
I’msogladthatyouwereabletocometothisparty.你能设法抽空出席这个交际会,我很高
兴。
IknownothingaboutitexceptwhatIhavereadinthepapers.除了在报上读到的以外,我对
这件事一无所知。
MostoftheChinesepeopleusuallygotoworkonthebikeexceptwhenitrains.除了雨天,
大多数中国人一般都骑自行车上班。
Heaskedmewhethershewascoming.他问我,她来还是不来。
同位语从句用作同位语的从句叫同位语从句。它一般跟在抽象名词fact,idea,news,hope,belief,
thought,truth,doubt,suggestion,warning,instruction,reason,information,question等
之后,对这些名词进行说明或解释。引导同位语从句的词除连词that,whether外,还有关系代词what,
which,who,以及关系副词how,when,where,why等。
Itisafactthatsmokingisadangertohealth.吸烟危害健康,这是事实。
Ihavenoideawhatyoumean.我一点儿也不明白你的意思。
Hemadethesuggestionthatwegobytrain.他建议我们坐火车去。
Thereisnodoubtthatheisguilty.毫无疑问,他是有罪的。
一、考点聚焦
1、名词性从句中连接词的运用
名词性从句中的连接词有连词that/whether/asif,连接代词what/who/which/whose/
whatever/whoever/whomever/whichever,连接副词where/when/why/how/wherever/
whenever。
(1)that的用法。
①主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句中用that但不能省略。如:
ThattheyaregoodatEnglishisknowntousall.
Theproblemisthatwedon’thaveenoughmoney.
SheexpressedthehopethattheywouldcometoChinaoneday.
②宾语从句中的连接词that有时可省有时又不可省,在以下几种情况中that不能省略:(A)当
that从句和主句谓语动词之间有插入词语或者从句主语之间有插入语时,that不可省略;(B)当that
从句与另一名词性从句并列作宾语时,that不能省;(C)当that作介词宾语时,that不可省掉。如:
Hejudgedthat,becausehewasachild,hedidnotunderstandwine
Everyoneknewwhathappenedandthatshewasworried.
Thereasonliesinthatsheworksharderthantheothersdo.
③that从句作主语和宾语时,可以用it来替换成以下几种结构表达。
(A)Itisclear/certain/likely/true/surprisingthat…(B)Itisapity/shame/goodidea/no
wonderthat...(C)Itissaid/reported/believed/known/thought/suggestedthat…(D)It
seems/happensthat。如:
IthappenedthatIwentoutlastnight.
ItissaidthatChinawillwinintheWorldCup.
④that和what的区别。
that引导名词性从句时,在主从句中不以当任何句子成分,也没有任何含义;而what引导名词
性从句时,在主从句中都要充当一定的句子成分,what可以分解成定语从句中的先行词+关系代词
即常说的先行词+that。如:
It’hesays.
⑤同位语从句与定语从句中that的区别。
同位语从句中的连词that只起连接作用,在从句中不担当任何句子成分;而定语从句中的关系代
词that在句中做宾语或主语,宾语与先行词有修饰关系。如果句子是同位语从句,就应用连词that
而不能用which.同位语从句一般放在表具体含义的名词后解释名词的含义或内容,如以下名词:news、
fact、suggestion、truth、plan、belief、doubt、possibility、idea等,而定语从句只是对先行
词的限定和修饰。如:
TheyexpressedthehopethattheywouldcometovisitChinaagain.(同位语从句)
ThehopesheexpressedisthattheywouldcometovisitChinaagain.(定语从句)
(2)whether和if的用法。
①whether和if在宾语从句中可以互换,但是作介词宾语时连接词一般用whether。如:
Italldependsonwhethertheywillcomeback.
②后面直接跟ornot时用whether。如:
Ididn’tknowwhetherornothehadarrivedinWuhan.
③主语从句表语从句中只能用whether。如:
Whetherthemeetingwillbeputoffhasnotbeendecidedyet.
Thequestioniswhethertheyhavesomuchmoney.
④whether可以引导同位语从句,用以说明前面的名词的内容,if不能。如:
Weoughttodiscusscarefullythequestionwhetherwecando
itornot.
⑤whether常与or连用表示一种选择,if不能这样用;whether也可与动词不定式连用但if不
能。如:
Thequestionofwhethertheyaremaleorfemaleisnotimportant.
Ihavenotdecidedwhethertogoornot.
⑥间接引语位于句首时或者是间接引语提前时用whether不用if。如:
Thankyou,butwhetherI’llbefreeI’mnotsureatthemoment.
⑦whether可引导一个让步状语从句表示“不管”、“无论”,而if不能。如:
Whetherhecomesornot,wewillbeginourpartyontime.
(3)疑问词+ever和nomatter+疑问词的区别。
①疑问词+ever可引导名词性从句,在主从句中要充当一定的部分。如:
Whoeverbreakstherulemustbepunished.
Youcanchoosewhateveryoulikeintheshop.
②疑问词+ever还可引导让步状语从句。如:
Whoeverbreakstherule,hemustbepunished,
Whateveryoudo,youmustdoitwell.
③nomatter+疑问词只能引导让步状语从句。如:
Nomatterwhatyoudo,youmustdoitwell.
Nomatterwhobreakstherule,hemustbepunished.
(4)when和where引导的同位语从句与定语从句的区别。
when和where前面的名词若是表示时间、地点的名词,则when和where引导的是定语从句,否
则则为同位语从句。如:
Theyputforwardthequestionwheretheycouldgetthemoney.
Thisistheplacewheretheaccidenthappened.
2、名词性从句中主句和从句的时态一致
(1)宾语从句中主句和从句的时态保持一致,但如果从句中表示提示的是客观现象,虽然主句是
过去时态,从句仍用一般现在时。如:
Hello,Ididn’ghaveyoubeenhere
Theteachertoldusthatlighttravelsataveryhighspeed.
(2)主语从句作主语相当于单数第三人称作主语,谓语动词用单数,如果由and连接两个或两
个以上的主语从句作主语时,谓语动词用复数;由两个或多个连接词引导一个主语从句,谓语动词用
单数。如:
Whenthemeetingwillbeginhasnotbeendecidedyet.
Whentheywillstartandwheretheygohavenotbeendecidedyet.
Whenandwherethemeetingwillbeginhasnotbeendecided.
3、名词性从句的词序
名词性从句在句中要用陈述句语序。如:
Heaskedmewhatwasthematterwithme.
We’veheardthenewsthatwe’llmoveintothenewhouse.
Whateveryousaywillinterestusall.
二、精典名题导解
选择填空
tercanonlydo________youhaveinstructedittodo.(NMET2001)
解析:答案为C。本题考查的是名词性从句作宾语的用法。此句的引导词既作连词又在宾语从句
中充当一成分,故what最合适。
2.—IdrovetoZhuhaifortheairshowlastweek..
—Isthat_________youhadafewdaysoff(NMET99)
解析:答案为A。此题考查的是从句的用法。根据题意“我上周开车去珠海看航空展去了。”下面
一句接着问:“那就是你为什么离开的原因吗”故用why引导表语从句表示原因。
__________whenpeopetalkwiththeirmouthsfull.(NMET98)
解析:答案为A。本题考查的是形式宾语的用法。题意为“我讨厌人们谈话时嘴里塞满东西”。该
空白处没有任何含义,而且已经用了when连接该宾语从句,所以此处只填一个形式宾语it。
otfigureoutquiteanumberofinsects,birds,andanimalsaredying
out.
解析:答案为C。本题考查宾语从句知识,figureout为及物动词,故此句为宾语从句,从句意
得知连词在从句中作原因状语,故选why.
YangLiweisucceededincirclingtheearth,ourastronautsdesiretodoiswalking
inspace.
解析:答案为B。此题句子为时间状语从句,全主句的主语是由主语从句来充当的,并且主语从句中
不定式动词do缺少宾语,故选what
1._________theyhavewonthegamemadeusexcited.
A./
2.________Iacceptthegiftorrefuseitisnoneofyourbusiness.
if
3._________hesaysinhisreportisaveryinterestingquestion.
allwhatthat
eywillstart________notbeendecided.
5._______certainthathisinventionwillleadtothedevelopmentofproduction.
isisishas
6.________isunknowntousall.
didsheputitsheputit
wheresheputitwhichsheputit
7.________nothingtodowithus.
shedidhaveshedidis
didhedohasshehasdonehas
ubleis________weareshortofhands.
is_________makesthingswork.
townisnot________itusedto_______tenyearsago.
,do,do,be,be
son_______Ihavetogois_______mymotherisillinbed.
,why,because,that,because
ught________hemightfailintheexamworriedhim.
that
________Ilostmypen.
uanyidea_______
fastdoeslighttravelquicklighttravels
soonlighttravelsfastlighttravels
suggestion_______toseetheartexhibitioninterestedeveryoneofus.
wegoweshouldgowewouldgowouldgo
wasinterestedin________hehadseenattheexhibition.
whatthat
oftenthinksof________hecandomoreforhiscountry.
made_________quiteclearthathewouldn'tchangehismind.
don'tknow_________.
wasthematteroutsidethematteroutsidewas
wasoutsidethematterwashappenedoutside
hascome,butIdidn'tknowthathe________untilyesterday.
comingcomecoming'tcoming
ranbackintotheroomtoseeifhe________anythingbehind.
forgottenforgottenleftleft
wanttoknow_________dotohelpus.
cantheytheycantheycancanthey
youknow________brighterthanthemoon
thesunlookthesunlooks
doesthesunlookisthesunlook
youtellme_______therailwaystation
IcangettoIcangetto
canIgettocanIgetto
photographswillshowyou________.
doesourvillagelooklikeourvillagelookslike
doesourvillagelooklikeourvillagelookslike
youmakesure________thegoldring
AlicehadputhadAliceput
AlicehasputhasAliceput
onecanbesure_________inamillionyears
manwilllooklikewillmanlooklike
willlooklikewhatlookwillmanlike
asked________fortheviolin.
IpayhowmuchpaidhowmuchmuchdidIpaymuchIpaid
remember_________thisusedtobequietvillage
youremember_________hecame
----Yes,Ido,hecamebycar.
2000OlympicGameswillbeheldinBeijingisnotknownyet.
worriedherabig_________herhairwasturninggrey.
saidatthemeetingastonishedeverybodypresent.
factmatter
havetonoideaatall_________.
hehasgonedidhego
placehashegonebusywewere
havenoidea___________thosedays.
wewerehowbusybusywerewe
howwewerebusybusywewere
答案:1.B2.B3.C4.D5.C6.B7.D8.B9.