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英语名词性从句

发布时间:2023-06-12 作者:admin 来源:文学

英语名词性从句

英语名词性从句

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2023年3月17日发(作者:如何保护动物)

名词性从句在复合句中具有名词的性质的作主语、表语、同位语、宾语的从句叫名词性从句。因此,

我们把主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句和宾语从句这四种从句统称为名词性从句。

种类作用常用关联词例句

主语从

在复合句中做主语,相当于名词,

一般置谓语之前,也可用it作形

式主语,主语从句放主句之后

that,whether,

if,asif,as

though,who,

whose,which,

how,when,

where,why,

what,

whatever,

whoever,

wherever

Whetherhewillcomeornot

doesn’tmattermuch.

Whoevercomesherewillbe

welcome.

表语从

在复合句中做表语,相当于名词,

位于系动词之后

Itlooksasifitisgoingtosnow.

宾语从

在复合句中做宾语,相当于名词

Heaskedmewhichteamcouldwin

thegame.

同位语

从句

放在名词之后(news,problem,

idea,suggestion,advice,

thought,hope,fact等)表明其

具体内容

Youhavenoideahowworriedwe

are.

Thefactthatheliedagain

greatlysurprisedus.

主语从句(subjectclauses)在复合句中起主语作用的从句叫主语从句。引导主语从句的词有从属连

词、、关系代词、连接副词等。引导主语从句的关联词有从属连词that、whether,关系代词:who,what,

which,whom,whose,whatever,whoever,whomever,whichever;关系副词:when,where,how,why,

however,whenever,wherever等。

Thatyoudon’tlikehimisnoneofmybusiness.你不喜欢她不管我的事。

Whathesaidistrue.他说的是真的。

Doyourememberhowhearrivedalmostattheendoftheparty你记得他几乎是在宴会快结束

时才到的吗Thisparty'sreallywhereit'sat,man!啊,这个晚会真棒!

Tellushowyoufulfilledtheheavytaskaheadofschedule.告诉我们,你们是怎样提前完成这

一艰巨任务的。

Wehavereasontobelievethatthefightingonthebordermaydevelopintoafull-blownwar.

(喻)我们有理由相信边境上的冲突可能发展成一场全面战争。

Hesaidthathewouldcome.他说他要来。

Whetherthefootballgamewillbeplayeddependsontheweather.足球比赛是否举行将视天气

而定。

表语从句用作表语的从句叫作表语从句,它位于主句中的连系动词之后。引导表语从句的词有从属

连词that、whether、asthough(if);关系代词who,what,which,whom,whose,whatever,whoever,

whomever,whichever等;关系副词when,where,why,how,however,whenever,wherever等。可

以接表语从句的连系动词由be,look,remain,seem等。That引导表语从句时,在口语中,间或可

以省略。

Thetroubleisthatweareshortofmoney.困难是我们资金短缺。

ThatiswhystonewallsareusedinsteadoffencesaroundNewEnglandfields.这就是为什

么在新英格兰用石头墙而不用栅栏的原因。

Atthattime,itseemedasifIcouldn'tthinkoftherightwordanyhow.当时,我似乎怎么

也想不出一个恰当的字眼来。

宾语从句(objectclauses)用作宾语的从句叫做宾语从句。宾语从句的位置与陈述句基本结构中的宾

语相同。宾语从句可作谓语动词的宾语,也可以作介词和非谓语动词(动词不定式、动名词、分词)

和某些形容词的宾语。宾语从句可以由从属连词thatwhether、if,关系代词what,who,whose,which

和关系副词when、where、how、why等引导。

Hesaidhewantedtogototown.他说他想去城里。

Ihopeyou'llbebettersoon.我希望你能很快好起来。

I’msogladthatyouwereabletocometothisparty.你能设法抽空出席这个交际会,我很高

兴。

IknownothingaboutitexceptwhatIhavereadinthepapers.除了在报上读到的以外,我对

这件事一无所知。

MostoftheChinesepeopleusuallygotoworkonthebikeexceptwhenitrains.除了雨天,

大多数中国人一般都骑自行车上班。

Heaskedmewhethershewascoming.他问我,她来还是不来。

同位语从句用作同位语的从句叫同位语从句。它一般跟在抽象名词fact,idea,news,hope,belief,

thought,truth,doubt,suggestion,warning,instruction,reason,information,question等

之后,对这些名词进行说明或解释。引导同位语从句的词除连词that,whether外,还有关系代词what,

which,who,以及关系副词how,when,where,why等。

Itisafactthatsmokingisadangertohealth.吸烟危害健康,这是事实。

Ihavenoideawhatyoumean.我一点儿也不明白你的意思。

Hemadethesuggestionthatwegobytrain.他建议我们坐火车去。

Thereisnodoubtthatheisguilty.毫无疑问,他是有罪的。

一、考点聚焦

1、名词性从句中连接词的运用

名词性从句中的连接词有连词that/whether/asif,连接代词what/who/which/whose/

whatever/whoever/whomever/whichever,连接副词where/when/why/how/wherever/

whenever。

(1)that的用法。

①主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句中用that但不能省略。如:

ThattheyaregoodatEnglishisknowntousall.

Theproblemisthatwedon’thaveenoughmoney.

SheexpressedthehopethattheywouldcometoChinaoneday.

②宾语从句中的连接词that有时可省有时又不可省,在以下几种情况中that不能省略:(A)当

that从句和主句谓语动词之间有插入词语或者从句主语之间有插入语时,that不可省略;(B)当that

从句与另一名词性从句并列作宾语时,that不能省;(C)当that作介词宾语时,that不可省掉。如:

Hejudgedthat,becausehewasachild,hedidnotunderstandwine

Everyoneknewwhathappenedandthatshewasworried.

Thereasonliesinthatsheworksharderthantheothersdo.

③that从句作主语和宾语时,可以用it来替换成以下几种结构表达。

(A)Itisclear/certain/likely/true/surprisingthat…(B)Itisapity/shame/goodidea/no

wonderthat...(C)Itissaid/reported/believed/known/thought/suggestedthat…(D)It

seems/happensthat。如:

IthappenedthatIwentoutlastnight.

ItissaidthatChinawillwinintheWorldCup.

④that和what的区别。

that引导名词性从句时,在主从句中不以当任何句子成分,也没有任何含义;而what引导名词

性从句时,在主从句中都要充当一定的句子成分,what可以分解成定语从句中的先行词+关系代词

即常说的先行词+that。如:

It’hesays.

⑤同位语从句与定语从句中that的区别。

同位语从句中的连词that只起连接作用,在从句中不担当任何句子成分;而定语从句中的关系代

词that在句中做宾语或主语,宾语与先行词有修饰关系。如果句子是同位语从句,就应用连词that

而不能用which.同位语从句一般放在表具体含义的名词后解释名词的含义或内容,如以下名词:news、

fact、suggestion、truth、plan、belief、doubt、possibility、idea等,而定语从句只是对先行

词的限定和修饰。如:

TheyexpressedthehopethattheywouldcometovisitChinaagain.(同位语从句)

ThehopesheexpressedisthattheywouldcometovisitChinaagain.(定语从句)

(2)whether和if的用法。

①whether和if在宾语从句中可以互换,但是作介词宾语时连接词一般用whether。如:

Italldependsonwhethertheywillcomeback.

②后面直接跟ornot时用whether。如:

Ididn’tknowwhetherornothehadarrivedinWuhan.

③主语从句表语从句中只能用whether。如:

Whetherthemeetingwillbeputoffhasnotbeendecidedyet.

Thequestioniswhethertheyhavesomuchmoney.

④whether可以引导同位语从句,用以说明前面的名词的内容,if不能。如:

Weoughttodiscusscarefullythequestionwhetherwecando

itornot.

⑤whether常与or连用表示一种选择,if不能这样用;whether也可与动词不定式连用但if不

能。如:

Thequestionofwhethertheyaremaleorfemaleisnotimportant.

Ihavenotdecidedwhethertogoornot.

⑥间接引语位于句首时或者是间接引语提前时用whether不用if。如:

Thankyou,butwhetherI’llbefreeI’mnotsureatthemoment.

⑦whether可引导一个让步状语从句表示“不管”、“无论”,而if不能。如:

Whetherhecomesornot,wewillbeginourpartyontime.

(3)疑问词+ever和nomatter+疑问词的区别。

①疑问词+ever可引导名词性从句,在主从句中要充当一定的部分。如:

Whoeverbreakstherulemustbepunished.

Youcanchoosewhateveryoulikeintheshop.

②疑问词+ever还可引导让步状语从句。如:

Whoeverbreakstherule,hemustbepunished,

Whateveryoudo,youmustdoitwell.

③nomatter+疑问词只能引导让步状语从句。如:

Nomatterwhatyoudo,youmustdoitwell.

Nomatterwhobreakstherule,hemustbepunished.

(4)when和where引导的同位语从句与定语从句的区别。

when和where前面的名词若是表示时间、地点的名词,则when和where引导的是定语从句,否

则则为同位语从句。如:

Theyputforwardthequestionwheretheycouldgetthemoney.

Thisistheplacewheretheaccidenthappened.

2、名词性从句中主句和从句的时态一致

(1)宾语从句中主句和从句的时态保持一致,但如果从句中表示提示的是客观现象,虽然主句是

过去时态,从句仍用一般现在时。如:

Hello,Ididn’ghaveyoubeenhere

Theteachertoldusthatlighttravelsataveryhighspeed.

(2)主语从句作主语相当于单数第三人称作主语,谓语动词用单数,如果由and连接两个或两

个以上的主语从句作主语时,谓语动词用复数;由两个或多个连接词引导一个主语从句,谓语动词用

单数。如:

Whenthemeetingwillbeginhasnotbeendecidedyet.

Whentheywillstartandwheretheygohavenotbeendecidedyet.

Whenandwherethemeetingwillbeginhasnotbeendecided.

3、名词性从句的词序

名词性从句在句中要用陈述句语序。如:

Heaskedmewhatwasthematterwithme.

We’veheardthenewsthatwe’llmoveintothenewhouse.

Whateveryousaywillinterestusall.

二、精典名题导解

选择填空

tercanonlydo________youhaveinstructedittodo.(NMET2001)

解析:答案为C。本题考查的是名词性从句作宾语的用法。此句的引导词既作连词又在宾语从句

中充当一成分,故what最合适。

2.—IdrovetoZhuhaifortheairshowlastweek..

—Isthat_________youhadafewdaysoff(NMET99)

解析:答案为A。此题考查的是从句的用法。根据题意“我上周开车去珠海看航空展去了。”下面

一句接着问:“那就是你为什么离开的原因吗”故用why引导表语从句表示原因。

__________whenpeopetalkwiththeirmouthsfull.(NMET98)

解析:答案为A。本题考查的是形式宾语的用法。题意为“我讨厌人们谈话时嘴里塞满东西”。该

空白处没有任何含义,而且已经用了when连接该宾语从句,所以此处只填一个形式宾语it。

otfigureoutquiteanumberofinsects,birds,andanimalsaredying

out.

解析:答案为C。本题考查宾语从句知识,figureout为及物动词,故此句为宾语从句,从句意

得知连词在从句中作原因状语,故选why.

YangLiweisucceededincirclingtheearth,ourastronautsdesiretodoiswalking

inspace.

解析:答案为B。此题句子为时间状语从句,全主句的主语是由主语从句来充当的,并且主语从句中

不定式动词do缺少宾语,故选what

1._________theyhavewonthegamemadeusexcited.

A./

2.________Iacceptthegiftorrefuseitisnoneofyourbusiness.

if

3._________hesaysinhisreportisaveryinterestingquestion.

allwhatthat

eywillstart________notbeendecided.

5._______certainthathisinventionwillleadtothedevelopmentofproduction.

isisishas

6.________isunknowntousall.

didsheputitsheputit

wheresheputitwhichsheputit

7.________nothingtodowithus.

shedidhaveshedidis

didhedohasshehasdonehas

ubleis________weareshortofhands.

is_________makesthingswork.

townisnot________itusedto_______tenyearsago.

,do,do,be,be

son_______Ihavetogois_______mymotherisillinbed.

,why,because,that,because

ught________hemightfailintheexamworriedhim.

that

________Ilostmypen.

uanyidea_______

fastdoeslighttravelquicklighttravels

soonlighttravelsfastlighttravels

suggestion_______toseetheartexhibitioninterestedeveryoneofus.

wegoweshouldgowewouldgowouldgo

wasinterestedin________hehadseenattheexhibition.

whatthat

oftenthinksof________hecandomoreforhiscountry.

made_________quiteclearthathewouldn'tchangehismind.

don'tknow_________.

wasthematteroutsidethematteroutsidewas

wasoutsidethematterwashappenedoutside

hascome,butIdidn'tknowthathe________untilyesterday.

comingcomecoming'tcoming

ranbackintotheroomtoseeifhe________anythingbehind.

forgottenforgottenleftleft

wanttoknow_________dotohelpus.

cantheytheycantheycancanthey

youknow________brighterthanthemoon

thesunlookthesunlooks

doesthesunlookisthesunlook

youtellme_______therailwaystation

IcangettoIcangetto

canIgettocanIgetto

photographswillshowyou________.

doesourvillagelooklikeourvillagelookslike

doesourvillagelooklikeourvillagelookslike

youmakesure________thegoldring

AlicehadputhadAliceput

AlicehasputhasAliceput

onecanbesure_________inamillionyears

manwilllooklikewillmanlooklike

willlooklikewhatlookwillmanlike

asked________fortheviolin.

IpayhowmuchpaidhowmuchmuchdidIpaymuchIpaid

remember_________thisusedtobequietvillage

youremember_________hecame

----Yes,Ido,hecamebycar.

2000OlympicGameswillbeheldinBeijingisnotknownyet.

worriedherabig_________herhairwasturninggrey.

saidatthemeetingastonishedeverybodypresent.

factmatter

havetonoideaatall_________.

hehasgonedidhego

placehashegonebusywewere

havenoidea___________thosedays.

wewerehowbusybusywerewe

howwewerebusybusywewere

答案:1.B2.B3.C4.D5.C6.B7.D8.B9.

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