英语同位语
上海师范大学招聘-依图
2023年3月16日发(作者：中成药)Grammar—appositiveclauses＆predicativeclauses
名词性从句之同位语＆表语从句
同位语从句：
I.明确概念与特征：
1.同位语从句常放在名词之后;用来补充说明名词的具体内容..常用
来接同位语从句的名词有news;idea;promise;question;doubt;wonder;
fact;hope;wish;suggestion;advice;possibility;message;word;
belief;information等..常用来引导同位语从句的连词有that;what;
who;whether以及连接副词where;when;why;how等..如：
Thenewsthattheirchildrencouldn’tcomebackontimeworried
alltheparents.
Ihadnoideawhenthestormwouldend.
2.不过有时候为了保持句子结构平衡;同位语从句也不一定直接放在
名词后;而会出现隔离情况..如：
Wordcamethatthesportsmeethadbeenputoff.
SuddenlyagoodideaoccurredtomethatIcouldbuymyteacher
agift.
3.同位语从句前名词的数
同位语从句前的名词通常用单数形式;并且往往带有限定词加以修饰..
如：
WheredidyougettheideathatIcouldnotcome
Givemeyourpromisethatyouwillcometoourpartythisevening.
ExcitingwordcamethatIpassedtheexam.
II.正确选用引导词
一般来说根据句意来确定相应的引导词;并且从句要用陈述句的语序..
引导同位语从句时在句中不作任何成分;但不可省略；
Theideathatweplayfootballafterclassisgreat.
2.在表示是否的意思时连词只能用whether而不能用if；
Thequestionwhetheryoucangotoanidealuniversitydepends
onyoureffort.
3.从句若缺少主语;宾语或定语用连接代词what;who;whom;whose;
which;若缺少状语用连接副词when;where;how;why引导..
Ihavenoideawhichmobilephoneisthebest—it’samatterof
personaltaste.
AtlastImadeadecisionthatIwouldnevercomebackagain.
Thequestionwhatweshoulddowiththissituationisunder
discussion.
Allofushadnoideawhyherefusedourhelp.
Thequestionwhyhedidn’tattendthemeetingpuzzledus.
Wecan’tsolvetheproblemhowwecantravelfasterthanlight.
4.在名词doubt“怀疑”后的同位语从句用whether连接；在no
doubt“不怀疑”之后的同位语从句用that连接..例如：
Thereisnodoubtthatwewillwinthefinalmatch.
Ihaveadoubtwhetherhewillfinishthejobontime.
III.注意从句中的时态
一般来说同位语从句的时态要和主句的时态保持一致..但在表示请
求、命令、建议等意思的名词后的同位语从句中的谓语动词应用shoulddo;
如demand;wish;suggestion;advice;order等后面的同位语从句要用
虚拟语气..如
Ihavenoideawhenhewillbeback.
Iacceptedmyfather’sadvicethatIshouldapologizetomy
friend.
Myteacher’ssuggestionthatheshouldlearnEnglishis
reasonable.
Drill:巩固练习：
owisTom’ugotanyidea___theparty
istobeheld
houghtsuddenlycametome______Imightusethepocket
moneytobuysomeflowersformymother’sbirthday.
3.---It’sthirtyyearssincewelastmet.
---ButIstillrememberthestory;believeitornot;____wegot
lostonarainynight.
believedhisreasonforbeingabsentfromtheclass
_______hehadtomeethisuncleattheairport.
e
n’tsettledthequestionof______itisnecessaryfor
himtostudyabroad.
aveanyidea______isactuallygoingonintheclassroom
searchersbelievethatthereisnodoubt____acurefor
AIDSwillbefound.
r
eftwordwithmysecretary____hewouldcallagaininthe
afternoon.
iththeletterwashispromise__hewouldvisitmethis
comingChristmas
r
searchershaveadoubt___acureforAIDSwillbefound.
hether
’tanswerthequestion____hegotthemoney.
r
I、概述
用作表语的从句叫作表语从句;它位于主句中的连系动词之后..引导表
语从句的词有从属that、whether、asthoughif；关系who;what;which;
whom;whose;whatever;whoever;whomever;whichever等；关系when;
where;why;how;however;whenever;wherever等..可以接表语从句的
连系动词由be;look;remain;seem等..That引导表语从句时;在口语中;
间或可以省略..
Thetroubleisthatweareshortofmy.
Thatiswhyhesucceed.
Atthattime;seemedasifIcouldn'tthinkofarightword
anyhow.
II、分类详解
1、由从属连词that;whether引导的表语从句..
that在引导表语从句时无词义;而whether有词义;意为、“是否”..
这时主句的主语常常是些抽象;如
question;trouble;problem;result;chance;suggestion;idea;reason
等..表语从句对主句主语进行说明、解释;使主语的内容具体化..
Thetroubleisthatshehaslosthismoney.
Thequestioniswhetherwemoreicecream.
Whatshecouldn’tunderstandwasthatfewerandfewerstudents
showedinterestinherlessons.
2、由关系代词引导的表语从句..
关系代词who;what;which;whom;whose;whatever;whoever;
whomever;whichever等引导表语从句;在句中作主语、宾语、表语;关系
代词不能省略..
Thequestioniswhichofusgo.
Theproblemwaswhocoulddothework.
That'swhatheisworryingabout...
That'swhatweshoulddo.
3、由关系副词引导的表语从句..
'swhereyouleftit.
’swhyIgotwet
through.
Thatishowhemakesthatofmoneyeveryyear.
Thatiswhatheisworriedabout.
4、由连词because;asif/asthough等引导的表语从句..
Itlookedasifitwasgoingtosnow.
That'sbecauseweneverthoughtofit.
Itseemsasifhedidn’tknowtheanswer.
巩固练习：
stionis________wewillhaveoursportsmeetnextweek.
.
whether
2．Thereasonwhyhefailedis________hewastoocareless.
.
becauseof
3．Theproblemis_________totaketheplaceofTed
canget
canget
sonis_________Imissedthebus.
.
what
___wewerelatelasttime.
ked_________sheweretenyearsyounger.
gh
7.—Ifellsick
--Ithinkitis_______youaredoingtoomuch.
e
sonwhyhehasn’tcomeis___________.
eofhis
mother’sbeingill
motheris
ill
______LuXunoncelived.
.
why
that/what的区别
1．_______yourfatherwantstoknowis________gettingonwith
yourstudies.
;；howyouare
；；howyouare
ubleis__________weareshortoftools.
that
awas__________wasfirstcalled“India”byColumbus.
here
longer_________.
wasusedtobeing
wasusedtobe
5.________hereallymeansis________hedisagreeswithus.
……what
……what
高考练习
1—IdrovetoZhuhaifortheairshowlastweek.
—Isthat_____youhadafewdaysoff
flagsontopofthebuildingThatwas______wedid
thismorning.
4.---Areyoustillthinkingaboutyesterday’sgame
---Oh;that’s_____.
erIfeelexcited
about
eelexcited
Summary：名词性从句总结
三要素：语序;时态;引导词
1.语序：永远用陈述语序
2.时态：若主句是现在时;从句可根据句意用各种时态；若主句是过去
时;则;从句要用相应的过去时态;但;若从句表述的是客观真理;那么
从句依然用一般现在时..
3.引导词：第一类：that;没有意义;仅起连接作用；连接的从句为陈述
语气；在宾从和表从中可以省略;在主语从句中不能省略..
第二类：if/whether;有“是否”的意思；连接的从句为一般疑问语
气；在宾从中有只用whether不用if的5种情况;在主从中if不能
位于句首;在表从中不用if;只有asif.保险起见;所有名词性从句中
首选whether..
第三类：连接代词;what;which;who;whom;whose;whatever;
whoever;whomever;whichever等;他们在从句要充当成份;作主语;
宾语除whoes..作定语what;which;whose;whatever;whichever..
第四类：连接副词;when;where;why;how;however;whenever;
wherever等;在从句中作状语;也就是说;从句中缺少时间;地点;原因;
方式等语意的时候要用他们..若从句中主谓或主谓宾齐全就要根据
句意相应的用他们
同学们;通过对名词性从句的进一步学习;你是否有新的收获呢
若有任何建议都可以提出来的哟;你也可以留便条在讲桌上的..
希望童鞋们天天进步;学习开心..