四级阅读理解
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2023年3月2日发(作者：ISUP).
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大学英语四级阅读理解训练〔一〕
Classifiedadvertisingisthatadvertisingwhichisgroupedincertainsectio
oupingsas“HelpWanted〞,“RealEstate〞,“LostandFound〞are
made,fieda
dvertisementsareaconveniencetothereaderandasavingtotheadvertis
er.
Thereaderwhoisinterestedinaparticularkindofadvertisementfindsall
ertisersmay,onthis
account,useaverysmalladvertisementifitwereplacedamonglargerad
identthatthereaderapproachestheclas
sifiedadvertisementinadifferentframeofmindfromthatinwhichheapp
stoapageofclassi
fiedadvertisementstosearchfortheparticular
ttentionisvoluntary,thea
dvertiserdoesnotneedtorelytoomuchextentondisplaytypetogetthe
reader’lyallclassifiedadvertisementswereofthesam
eincreaseinthenumberofsu
chadvertisements,however,eachadvertiserwithinacertaingroupispetin
gwithothersinthesamegroupforthereader’case
s,theresulthasbeenanincreaseinthesizeofthespaceusedandthead
way,theclassifiedadvertisementh
.
.
..word..
particularlytrueofrealestateadvertisin
g?
hefollowingfactsareadvantagesofclassifiedadvertisementfor
advertisersEXCEPTthat____.
A)classifiedadvertisementchargeslessmoney
B)itiseasiertoattracttheattentionofthetargetconsumersC)itprovides
moreinformationforthereadersD)itdoesnothavetorelytoomuchon
displaytype
heexamplesgivenoftypesofclassifiedadvertisementis____
A)housesforsale
B)peoplewhoareaskingforhelpC)peoplewhoarelostD)jobvacancies
rtofattitudedopeoplehavewhentheylookatclassifiedadverti
sement,accordingtothewriter?
A)Theyareintheframeofmindtobuyanything.B)Theyarelookingfor
somethingtheyneed.
C)Theyfeellostbecausetherearesomanyadvertisements.D)Theyfeelt
hesameaswhentheylookatdisplayadvertisements.
4．Accordingtothepassage,inwhichwayhavetheclassifiedadvertisem
entschangednowadays?
A)Theydependmoreondisplaytype.B)Moremoneyischargedforthem
.C)Theyaredividedintomoregroups.D)Theyarelessformal.
5．Whyhaveclassifiedadvertisementschangedinappearance?A)Becau
.
.
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sepeoplenolongerwantheadlinesandpictures.B)Becauserealestatead
vertisingisparticularlytruthfulnow.
C)Becausetheincreaseinthenumberofsuchadvertisementsmeansthey
havetobesmallnow.
D)Becausetherearemoreadvertisementsnowandmorepetitionamong
advertisers.
答案与解析：1.C
分类广告的优越性不包括为读者提供更多的信息。事实辨析题。从文
中可看出，分类广告的优越性在于收费低、无需很多的展现形式，以
及更易吸引对某类广告感兴趣的读者的注意力，因此A，B，D都正
确。文中唯独没有提到C。2.A
房地产业就是分类广告的其中一块。细节题。此题考察对
“RealEstate〞的理解，它的意思是“房地产〞，应选项A正确。3.B
当读者看分类广告时，他们会搜索自己需要的信息。事实辨析题。从
文中可知，读者在看分类广告时和看展示广告的注意力的模式是不一
样的，他们会去浏览自己感兴趣的类别，查找所需信息。应选项B正
确。
4.A
根据文章，分类广告更多地依赖展现形式。推断题。文章最后指出，
由于竞争的加剧，分类广告商们不得不用大标题和图片来吸引读者的
注意力。应选项A正确。5.D
因为现在更多广告的投入和广告商之间的竞争日益加剧，所以分类广
.
.
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告不断变化形式。事实辨析题。文中指出，分类广告的变化是由于
“Withtheincreaseinthenumberofsuchadvertisements,however,each
advertiserwithinacertaingroupispetingwithothersinthesamegroupf
orthereader’sattention〞，应选项D正确。
大学英语四级阅读理解训练〔二〕
Psychologiststakeopposingviewsofhowexternalrewards,fromwarmpr
aisetooldcash,orists,whostudyt
herelationbetweenactionsand,arguethatrewardscanimproveperforma
herresearcherswhostudyvariousaspect
sofmentallife,maintainthoserewardsoftendestroycreativitybyencoura
terviewhasg
ainedmanysupporters,carefuluseof
smallmonetaryrewardssparksingrade-schoolchildrensuggestingthat
properlypresentedinducementsindeedaidinventiveness,accordingtoas
tudyintheJuneJournalPersonalityandSocialPsychology.
“Iftheyknowthey'reworkingforarewardandcanfocusonarelatively
challengingtask,theyshowthemostcreativity,〞saysRobertEsenberger
oftheUniversityofDelawareinNewark.“Butit'seasytokillcreativityb
ygivingrewardsforpoorperformanceorcreatingtoomuchanticipationf
orrewards.〞
Ateacherwhocontinuallydrawsattentiontorewardsorwhohandsouthi
ghgradesforordinaryachievementendsupwithuninspiredstudents,Ese
.
.
..word..
ampleofthelatterpoint,henotesgrowingefforts
atmajoruniversitiestotightengradingstandardsandrestorefallinggrade
s.
Inearliergrades,theuseofso-calledtokeneconomics,inwhichstudents
handlechallengingproblemsandreceiveperformance-basedpointstowar
dvaluedrewards,showspromiseinraisingeffortandcreativity,theDelaw
logistsaredividedwithregardtotheira
ttitudestoward____.A)thechoicebetweenspiritualencouragementand
monetaryrewards
B)theappropriateamountofexternalrewardsC)thestudyofrelationship
betweenactionsand
D)theeffectsofexternalrewardsonstudents'performance
theviewheldbymanyeducatorsconcerningexternalrewardsf
orstudents?A)Theyapproveofexternalrewards.B)Theydon'tthinkexte
rnalrewards.C)Theyhavedoubtsaboutexternalrewards.
D)Theybelieveexternalrewardscanmotivatesmallchildren,butnotcolle
ingtotheresultofthestudymentionedinthepass
age,whatshouldeducatorsdotostimulatemotivationandcreativity?A)G
iverewardsforperformanceswhichdeservethem.B)Alwayspromiserew
ards.
C)Assigntaskswhicharenotverychallenging.
D)Bemorelenienttostudentswhenmistakesaremade.
.
.
..word..
einferredfromthepassagethatmajoruniversitiesaretryingto
tightentheirgradingstandardsbecausetheybelieve____.
A)rewardingpoorperformancemaykillthecreativityofstudents’B)pu
nishmentismoreeffectivethanrewarding
C)failinguninspiredstudentshelpsimprovetheiroverallacademicstandar
dsD)discouragingthestudentsanticipationforeasyrewardsismatterof
urgency5．Whichofthefollowingfactsabout“tokeneconomics〞isn
otcorrect?A)Studentsareassignedchallengingtasks.B)Rewardsaregi
venforgoodperformances.
C)Studentsareevaluatedaccordingtotheefforttheyputintothetask.D)
Withtokeneconomics,students’creativitycanbeenhanced.答案与解
析：1.D
心理学家认为外界的奖励对学生会有不同的影响。事实辨析题。根据
文章第一句话
“Psychologiststakeopposingviewsofhowexternalrewards,fromwar
mpraisetooldcash,affectmotivationandcreativity〞可知，心理学家的
分歧在于来自外界的奖励对学生的积极性和创造性终究有什么影响，
应选项D正确.
2.C
许多教育家对外界的奖励持疑心态度。
文章第二段第一句话提到，后一种观点得到了许多教育工作者的支
持，从第一段中可知，后一种观点是：奖励会促使学生对别人的赞许
.
.
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和馈赠产生依赖心理，因此奖励会破坏创造精神。由此可知，他们对
奖励的正面作用持疑心态度。应选项C正确。3.A
根据文中的研究结果说明，教育家通过给予学生应得的奖励来提高他
们的积极性和创造性。文章第三段指出，给予学生恰当的奖励，可使
他们发挥更大的创造性，但如果对糟糕的表现也给予奖励，或让学生
对奖励有太多的期许，反而会扼杀创造性。应选项A正确。4.B
从文中可以得知，一些重点大学试图加强等级标准，因为他们相信惩
罚比奖励更有效。事实辨析题。从文中第四段可知，许多大学之所以
严格考试的评分标准，是因为
“Ateacher...whohandsouthighgradesforordinaryachievementends
upwithuninspiredstudents〞。选项B与此意一样。5.C
根据学生的表现对他们作出评价。事实辨析题。根据最后一段的意思，
在这种奖励制度下，要根据学生的表现对他们做出评价，而不仅仅是
他们花费了多少精力来完成任务，应选项C正确。
大学英语四级阅读理解训练〔三〕
yoccurasanattempttoover-identifywiththenewcultur
einordertobeacceptedbythepeopleinit.
ression"heorsheislikefishoutofwater"suggests______.
awayfromtheirculturescanhardlysurviveinanewcultureb.a
fishcannotsurvivewithoutwater
a
rto
.
.
..word..
identifywiththenewenvironment,somepeoplemay______.e
izethepositiveaspectsof
atemporary
setofvalues
fthefollowingstatementsistrueaccordingtotheauthor?a.
Perplexityresultsincultureshock.
eshockisth
eshockhappenstoforeignstudentson
ayworryabout______.gnoranceofthealiencu
stoms
nowledgeof"Yes"nderstanding
ontroloftheirbehavior
eforeignvisitorisimmersedinnewproblemshefindshardto
copewhith,heismostlikelytofeel______.ed
d
答案：cdadbc
大学英语四级阅读理解训练〔八〕
Socialchangeismorelikelytooccurinsocietieswherethereisamixture
ofdifferentkindsofpeoplethaninsocietieswherepeoplearesimilarinm
plereasonforthisisthattherearemoredifferentways
remoreide
.
.
..word..
as,moredisagreementsininterest,andmoregroupsandorganizationswi
tion,thereis
usuallyagreaterworldlyinterestandgreatertoleranceinmixedsocieties.
Allthesefactorstendtopromotesocialchangebyopeningmoreareasofl
ietywherepeoplearequitesimilarinmanyways,t
herearefeweroccasionsforpeopletoseetheneedortheopportunityfor
houghcondition
smaynotbesatisfactory,theyareatleastcustomaryandundisputed.
Withinasociety,socialchangeisalsolikelytooccurmorefrequentlyand
morereadilyinthematerialaspectsoftheculturethaninthenon-materia
l,forexample,intechnologyratherthaninvalues;inwhathasbeenlearne
dlaterinliferatherthanwhatwaslearnedearly;inthelessbasicandless
emotionalaspectsofsocietythanintheiropposites;inthesimpleelement
sratherthanintheplexones;informratherthaninsubstance;andinele
mentsthatareacceptabletothecultureratherthaninstrangeelements.
Furthermore,mple,itesm
orereadilyinhumanrelationsonacontinuousscaleratherthanonewith
onereasonwhychangehasnotemorequickly
toBlackAmericansasparedtootherAmericanminorities,becauseofthe
sharpdifferenceinappearancebetweenthemandtheirwhitecounterparts
.sageismainlydiscussing__________.essityof
.
.
..word..
socialchange
nfactorsthatdeterminetheeasewithwhichsocialchangesoccur
ferentsocieties
nfactorsthatpromotesocialchange
2.______
ancedtechnology
ingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?
changetendstomeetwithmoredifficultyinbasicandemotional
eementwithandargumentaboutconditions
changeismorelikelytooccu
rinthematerialaspectofsociety.
changeislesslikelytooccurinwhatpeoplelearnedwhenthey
ression"greatertolerance"(paragraph1)refersto
_____.a."greaterwillingnesstoacceptsocialchange"b."quickeradap
tationtochangingcircumstances"c."morerespectfordifferentbeliefsan
dbehavior"
d."geeaterreadinesstoagreetodifferentopinionsandideas"
changeislesslikelytooccurinasocietywherepeoplearequite
similarinmanywaysbecause________.
therehavegotsoaccustomedtotheirconditionsthattheyseldo
mthinkitnecessarytochange
.
.
..word..
therehaveidenticalneedsthatcanbesatisfiedwithoutmuchdif
therearelessdispute
d答案：bbbca
大学英语四级阅读理解训练〔九〕
Asareliabletravelagency,wereallydotrytodescribeourcentersandac
SuperCentersandMainCente
rshavebeenextensivelyinvestigatedduringthewinterseason1975-1976
.Asaresultwehavefirst-handinformationonthewayinwhichhotels,lif
enetworksandskischools,notb
eenabletoinvestigate,atfirsthand,allourIndependentCentersduringth
ldyouneedanymoreinformationaboutthesecenterswewilltrytogetitf
ricancentershavebeeninvestigatedonourbehalfbyUnit
eratorswhoareassi
stingUnitedandourselvestoofferyouthisnovelprogramtotheUnitedS
tates.
Wherepossiblewehaveeliminatedtheuseofsuperlativesfromthetext(p
ossiblymakingourbrochure(小册
子)lessattractivetoreadthanitmightbe)andhaveconcentratedonasa
helessyoushouldbearinmindth
atyouropinionandtheopinionofourinvestigatormightdifferandthere
.
.
..word..
maybechangesbetweenthetimeofavisitbyourinvestigatorandthevisi
tofoneofourcustomers.
Wetrustthatitisevidenttoyouthatwehavedoneallinourpowertoeli
minatemisdescriptionandthattherereallyisnoquestionofmisrepresent
a-tiononourpart—yourconstructiv
ecriticism—itisthebestwayweknowofimprovingourbrochuresando
ghplaintsareveryexpensivetohandle,yourplaintorcri
ticismwillbethoroughlyinvestigatedandarefund(退
赔)madeifitisjustified—
nonewillbemadeifitisn"mclaimsthatallitswintersportsc
tstoincreasehotelacmodation
ovedinformationservice
"IndependentCenters"werepersonallyinspected_______.
earsago
gr
amoftourstotheUnitedStatesappearstobe_______.llabor
erations
zedbyUnitedAirlines
rochurewouldbemoreattractivetoread,theysay,if_______.
inateddescri
m"sclaimisthattheirprogra
.
.
..word..
misimprovedby_______.lfault-findingbycustomers
ardpol
lcontrolofthehotels答案：
26.A27.D28.A29.A30.A
大学英语四级阅读理解训练〔十〕
Asareliabletravelagency,wereallydotrytodescribeourcentersandac
SuperCentersandMainCente
rshavebeenextensivelyinvestigatedduringthewinterseason1975-1976
.Asaresultwehavefirst-handinformationonthewayinwhichhotels,lif
enetworksandskischools,notb
eenabletoinvestigate,atfirsthand,allourIndependentCentersduringth
ldyouneedanymoreinformationaboutthesecenterswewilltrytogetitf
ricancentershavebeeninvestigatedonourbehalfbyUnit
eratorswhoareassi
stingUnitedandourselvestoofferyouthisnovelprogramtotheUnitedS
tates.
Wherepossiblewehaveeliminatedtheuseofsuperlativesfromthetext(
possiblymakingourbrochure(小册
子)lessattractivetoreadthanitmightbe)andhaveconcentratedonasa
helessyoushouldbearinmindth
.
.
..word..
atyouropinionandtheopinionofourinvestigatormightdifferandthere
maybechangesbetweenthetimeofavisitbyourinvestigatorandthevisi
tofoneofourcustomers.
Wetrustthatitisevidenttoyouthatwehavedoneallinourpowertoeli
minatemisdescriptionandthattherereallyisnoquestionofmisrepresent
a-tiononourpart—yourconstructiv
ecriticism—itisthebestwayweknowofimprovingourbrochuresando
ur
ghplaintsareveryexpensivetohandle,yourplaintorcritici
smwillbethoroughlyinvestigatedandarefund(退
赔)madeifitisjustified—
nonewillbemadeifitisn"mclaimsthatallitswintersports
amofpersonalvisits
tstoincreasehotelacmo
ovedinformationservice
"IndependentCenters"werepersonallyinspected_______.A.t
earsago
gramoftourstotheUnitedStatesappearstobe_______.lla
erati
zedbyUnitedAirlines
rochurewouldbemoreattractivetoread,theysay,if_______.
.
.
..word..
inatedde
m"sclaimisthattheirpr
ogramisimprovedby_______.lfault-findingbycustomers
ard
lcontrolofthehotels答案：
26.A27.D28.A29.A30.A