现代大学英语精读5
-
2023年2月25日发(作者：空气炮)1
1,4,8,课，五个课程。
Lesson1
A.词义的理解与语义转换
1)Wemusthonestlyrecognizewherewearenow.(1.2)
正视
2)Whenweviewthenegativeexperiencesoflife,theNegrohasadoubleshare.
(1.8)
不如意之事
坎坷经历
若论人生坎坷，黑人可谓倍加艰辛。
3)Wemustmassivelyassertourdignityandworth.(3.1)
Impressively
？
让世人知道
4)Wemuststandupamidstasystemthatstilloppressesusanddevelopan
unassailableandmajesticsenseofvalues.(3.2)
Developahabitdropahabit
Developasense意识
Translationskill
词性转换
B.词汇扩展
1）Awhitelieisbetterthanablacklie.(4.5)
Ihadawhitenight,thinkingofyou.
whiteelephant
allusion典故
Trademark
白象
白马王子？whitehorse？
Princecharming
whitemeat
fish/bird
redmeat红肉
2)Themostdegeneratememberofafamilyisablacksheep.(4.6)
2
blacklist
blackmarket
黑马darkhorse
Scapegoat＝替罪羊＝Whipboy
Allusion
3)…teacherswillnotbeforcedtoteachtheNegrochildsixtywaystodespise
himself,andtherebyperpetuatehisfal nseofinferiority,andthewhitechild134
waystoadorehimself,andtherebyperpetuatehisfal nseofsuperiority（4.7）
inferioritycomplex
superioritycomplex
恋父情结Electracomplex
恋母情结Oedipuscomplex
c.搭配collocation
roisindireneedofthiskindoflegitimatepower(6.2)紧急，极端
direwarning/prediction/forecast(awarningaboutsomethingterriblethatwill
happeninthefuture)
Lastnightthereweredirewarningsofcivilwar.
2.…thepreservingofthestatusquo(6.11)
maintain/preserve/defendthestatusquo
ofthegreatproblemsofhistoryisthattheconceptsofloveandpower
haveusuallybeencontrastedasopposites--polaropposites-(7.5)
（？)
polarextreme
d．句子理解
1）Thejobofarousingmanhoodwithinapeople（thathavebeentaughtforso
manycenturiesthattheyarenobody）isnoteasy.（3.4）
2）Poweristheability//ofalaborunionliketheUAWtomakethemostpowerful
corporationintheworld,GeneralMotors,say'Yes'whenitwantstosay'No.'That's
power.（linethreefromthebottom,Paragraph6）
3)Whatisneededisarealizationthatpowerwithoutloveisrecklessandabusive,
andlovewithoutpowerissentimentalandanemic.(8.6)
Anemic：weak；贫血的
=Anaemic
Anaemia贫血
4)Now,earlyinthiscenturythisproposalwouldhavebeengreetedwith
ridiculeanddenunciation,（considered）asdestructiveofinitiativeand
responsibility.(10.2)
3
5)Thefactisthatthework（whichimprovestheconditionofmankind,
theworkwhichextendsknowledgeandincreasespowerandenriches
literatureandelevatesthought,）isnotdonetosecurealiving(12.1)
Shedidn’t
marryhimforhewasrich
Theworkisnot不是这样的
donetosecurealiving＝被做以谋生
不是为了谋生而做
e．修辞（Rhetoric）figureofspeech
esis对比对照（Afigureofspeechinwhichsharplycontrastingideasare
juxtaposedinabalancedorparallelphraseorgrammaticalstructure）
1)Aslongasthemindisenslaved,thebodycanneverbefree.(5.5)
2)…loveisidentifiedwitharesignationofpower,andpowerwithadenialoflove.
(7.5)
2．Metaphorsimile(like,as)
1)Psychologicalfreedom,afirmsenseofself-esteem,isthemostpowerfulweapon
againstthelongnightofphysicalslavery.(5.6)
Self-esteem自信
2)Thenegrowillonlybefreewhenhereachesdowntotheinnerdepthsofhisown
beingandsignswiththepenandinkofassertivemanhoodhisownemancipation
proclamation.(5.9)
3．Personalconflictsamonghusbands,wivesandchildrenwilldiminishwhenthe
unjustmeasurementofhumanworthonthescaleofdollarsiseliminated.（14.4）
el
1)ThetendencytoignoretheNegro'scontributiontoAmericanlifeandtostriphimof
hispersonhoodisasoldastheearliesthistorybooksandascontemporaryasthe
morning'snewspaper.(5.1)
Stripper
Exoticdancing
2)Poweratitsbestisloveimplementingthedemandsofjustice,andjusticeatitsbest
ispowercorrectingeverythingthatstandsagainstlove.（8.6）
ration
1）Nowalotofusarepreachers,andallofushaveourmoralbelievesand
4
concerns,andsooftenhaveproblemswithpower.(7.1)
Xiamenisacityfullofvigorandvitality
2）Itispreciselythiscollisionofimmoralpowerwithpowerlessmoralitywhich
constitutesthemajorcrisisofourtimes.(9.2)
f.熟词偏义
,inthethinkingofthatday,theabsenceofworldlygoodsindicatedawantof
industrioushabitsandmoralfiber.
(10.5)
Want=lack
Heknowsnowantinhislife.
他什么都不缺
Lesson4
TextAnalysis
A.词义理解与翻译
ursecretaryinvitedmetocomehere,shetoldmethatyourSocietyis
concernedwiththeemploymentofwomenandshesuggestedthatImighttellyou
somethingaboutmyownprofessionalexperiences.
y:theWomen’sServiceLeague
nedwith
ment就业问题
增词：
Thefrequency,wavelength,andspeedofsoundarecloselyrelated.
频率、波长和声速三方面是密切相关的
roadwascutmanyyearsago—byFannyBurney,by…—manyfamous
women,andmanymoreunknownandforgotten,havebeenbeforeme,makingthe
pathsmooth,andregulatingmysteps.(1.7)
开辟
reunknownandforgotten
thepathsmooth铺平道路
tingmysteps：guide步子
,whenIcametowrite,thereareveryfewmaterialobstaclesinmyway.(1.10)
alobstacles物质方面/上的阻碍
y
eonlygottofiguretoyourselvesagirlinabedroomwithapeninher
5
hand.(2.1)
：imagine
vitalstatistics
Fig.1
utterly
unselfish.(3.10)
elysympathetic
sympathize：beinharmonywith
elycharming
yunselfish
她是这么善解人意；她是如此可爱迷人；她是那么毫无私心。
ldhavepluckedtheheartofmywriting.(3.倒13)
heheart
她会使我的文章空洞无物。
隐喻
词义引申：
Everylifehasitsrosesandthorns荆棘.
每个人生活都有甜有苦。
IflattermyselfthatIkilledherintheend,thestrugglewassevere.(3.倒4)
r
athetic;betender;flatter;deceive;usetheartsandwilesofoursex.(3.倒
21)
要善解人意；要言辞温婉；要善于迎合；要言不由衷；女人的十八般武器，都要
用上。
B．词汇扩展
onlytomovethatpenfromlefttorightfromteno’clocktoone.
Fromlefttoright
Fromagetoage世世代代
FromChinatoPeru天涯海角；到处秘鲁
Frombadtoworse每况愈下
Frompillartopost东奔西跑，到处碰壁pillar=post
Fromragstoriches暴富
Fromstrengthtostrength越来越强大
Fromtiptotoe从头到尾
Fromthecradletothegrave一生
2．Fortenandsixpenceonecanbuypaperenoughtowritealltheplaysof
Shakespeare---ifonehasamindthatway.
6
(1.倒5)haveamindthatway=haveamindlikethat（Shakespeare’smind）
Thatway
--Idon’tknowyournameyet.
--Let’skeepitthatway.
Mywayorthehighway.（TheMatrix）
Haveone’sway
Finderskeepers.
Losersweepers
Fairenough.行，还算公平
Watt:Sincethereareotherapplicantsontheline,wecan'tletyouknowourdecision
yetuntilallofthemhavegottheirchanceforinterview.
Ann:Fairenough,Iamwillingtowaituntilyouhavecometoadecision.
C．句子理解
essionisliterature;andinthatprofessiontherearefewerexperiencesfor
womenthaninanyother,withtheexceptionofthestage—fewer,Imeanthatare
peculiartowomen.(1.5)
andmodels,Paris,ViennaandBerlin,mastersandmistresses,arenot
neededbyawriter.(1.倒4)
apnessofwritingpaperis,ofcoursethereasonwhywomenhave
succeededaswritersbeforetheyhavesucceededintheotherprofessions.(1.倒4)
hewhousedtocomebetweenmeandmypaperwhenIwaswritingreviews.
(3.6)
Comebetween…and…
peopleargueandfeelangrywitheachother,whentheyhadbeen
friendsbefore:
Nothingwillevercomebetweenusnow.
Ididn'twanttocomebetweenahusbandandwife.
2topreventsomeonefromgivingenoughattentiontosomething:
Sheneverletanythingcomebetweenherandherwork.
ewasachicken,shetooktheleg;iftherewasadraught（draft）,shesatin
it—inshortshewassoconstitutedthatsheneverhadamindorawishofherown.
(3.12)
风口
,asIfound,directlyIputpentopaper,youcannot//reviewevenanovel
withouthavingamindofyourown,withoutexpressingwhatyouthinktobethetruth
7
abouthumanrelations,morality,sex.(3.倒12)
directly:assoonas
Youcan’t
//smokewithoutmakingnonsmokersunhappy.
madeasiftoguidemypen.(3.倒19)
Make（seem）asiftodo:toseemasifyouaregoingtodosomethingbutthennotdo
it:
Shemadeasiftospeakbutthenstopped.
cordtheoneactforwhichItakesomecredittomyself,thoughthecredit
rightlybelongstosomeexcellentancestorsofminewholeftmeacertainsumof
money—shallwesayfivehundredpoundsayear?(3.倒19)
Credit:praise,approvalforanact,abilityoraquality.
Examples：
Hetookhisassistant’scredit.
Shedeservescreditfortryingherbest.
havesomethingtoyourcredit：tohaveachievedsomething
Shealreadyhastwosuccessfulnovelstohercredit.
下面我要说说多少是我自己做的一件事情，当然做此事的功劳主要还应归功于我
的了不起的祖先，是他们给我留下了一笔财产－比如说每年五百英镑吧－这样我
就不用完全靠女人的魅力去谋生了。
9．se,
ifIweretobehadupinacourtoflaw,wouldbethatIactedinself-defence.(3.倒
15)
Turnupon:attack掐
:t
PeepingTomwashadupforstalking.
Curiositykillsthecat.
10．Thus,wheneverIfelttheshadowofherwingortheradianceofherhalo，Itook
uptheinkpotandflungitather.(3.倒7)
TheshadowandtheradiancerefertotheinfluenceoftheVictorianattitudesonmy
writing
icaldevices
ndwasmadeuponthefamilypurse.(1.倒6)
Purse:usedfigurativelytostandformoney,ndof
figureofspeechiscalledmetonymy(转喻).
Beijing；theWhiteHouse;theCrown;
Thepenismightierthanthesword.
文胜于武
Hesucceededbythesweatofhisbrow.
Heistoofondofthebottle.贪杯
8
Whatislearnedinthecradleiscarriedtothegrave.
2．...Ihadtoadmitthatinsteadofspendingthatsumuponbreadandbutter,rent,
shoes,andstockings,orbutcher’sbills…
breadandbutter:usedfigurativelytomeanfoodandthemostimportantandbasic
things.
-and-butterissuessuchasjobsandhousing
Thiskindoffigureofspeechiscalledsynecdoche(提喻).借代
dsweresummonedtothequarter-deck(后甲板).
Theybravedthewavestoprotecttheirfatherland.
Aretherenoroofsinthistownthatwillharboranhonorableman?
Brandish(挥舞)yoursteel,men.
Lesson8
UnitEightTheMerelyVeryGood
OppenheimerDirac
SpenderAuden
ation
elyVeryGood.
译文:仅仅一流
一流而已
一流人物而已
2.…AndIwasconsciousofhissuperiorityinawaywhichwasembarrassingand
ledtotrouble.(2.10)
？
译文：我知道他比我强/他很高明，但这样表现出来不仅令人尴尬，而且惹出麻
烦。
youngmenbecamefriends,insofarasonecouldhaveafriendshipwith
Dirac.
Insofaras:totheextentthat,tothedegreethat,because,since,inthat
InsofarasIcansaynow,Ishallcome.
目前我只能说我将会来。
Insofaraspossible,ourexampleswillbedrawnfromChinese.
在可能范围内,例证均引自汉语。
译文：他和狄拉克成了朋友，但也只是一定份上的朋友而已，狄拉克就是这样。
ppenheimerwasinterruptingBorn’sseminars,announcingthatHecould
docalculationsbetterinthequantumtheory,Dirac,onlytwoyearsolder,hadinvented
thesubject.(3.9)
9
Inventedthesubject:?
译文：缔造了这一学科
’sDirac-likelucidity,thesheerwonderoflanguage,andthesenseoffun
aboutseriousthings.(4.16)
（1）lucidity:beinglucid;beingeasilyunderstood
译文：
奥登那狄拉克式的简洁明快，纯粹的语言魅力，寓谐于庄的幽默感
6．SpenderalsodoesnotseemtohaveremarkedonOppenheimer’seyes,whichhada
ecatsmakeasimilarexpression.(6.8)
（1）wary:cautiousandalert
(2)luminescence:lightemissionwithoutheat:theemissionoflightproducedby
meansotherthanheatincandescence,phorescence,fluorescence,or
bioluminescence
译文：他的眼睛带有一种警觉而冷冷的目光。这种目光也可以在暹罗猫身上找到。
（教参）
lary
n1981Ireceivedaninvitationtogivealectureatawriter’s
conference…(1.1)
（1）invitation:邀请函，请帖
riteaninvitation
Otherexamples？
(2)lecture:演讲，讲座
Collocation:give/deliveralecture
all,thehonorariumofferedwouldhavebarelycoveredtheexpense.(1.8)
(1)honorarium:Apaymentgiventoaprofessionalpersonforservicesforwhichfees
arenotlegallyortraditionallyrequired.
辨析
Stipend
Compensation
Damages
Bonus
Commission
Pension
Allowance
Subsidy
Grant
Scholarship
rate
fare
perk
(2)cover:tobesufficienttomeetthechargeorcostof
扩展：coveranattemptedassassination?
10
Coverage
ppenheimergraduatedfromHarvardin1925,hewasawardedafellowship
tostudyinEurope.(2.3-4)
(1)fellowship:Thefinancialgrantmadetoafellowinacollegeoruniversity.
比较：fellow：researcher研究员
Fulbrightfellow富布赖特研究员
FulbrightScholar富布赖特学者
背景：富布赖特项目是美国在全球范围内开展的,有良好声誉的大规模国际合作
交流项目.该项目创建于1946年,以其倡议者前美国参议员富布赖特命名,旨在通
过教育和文化交流来促进国家间的相互了解.目前,约有来自140多个国家的
25,5000人参与了此项目.
中国是最早参与富布赖特项目的国家之一.中美富布赖特项目是根据两国政府协
议,由中国教育部和美国国务院共同负责管理的国家项目.该项目由美国驻华大使
馆和中国国家留学基金管理委员会共同实施.目前,中美富布赖特项目每年资助大
约50名美国学者来华讲学和50名中国学者赴美研修.
ingaveryhappytimeinEngland,whereheseemstohavehadasortof
nervousbreakdown,hewenttoGermanytogethisPh.D.
(1)breakdown:asuddenphysicalorpsychologicalcollapse崩溃
扩充：breakdown
Shebrokedownonthewaytoprison.
Thecarbrokedownonthewaytoprison.
Outbreak:Asuddeneruption
突然爆发
anoutbreakofinfluenza
dinaryseminaronquantummechanics,heusedtointerruptthespeaker,
whoeveritwas,notexcludingmyself,andtosteptotheblackboard…(2.11)
(1)seminar:
扩充：colloquium,forum,workshop,discussiongroup，symposium
FortuneForum
tyear,DiraccameasavisitortoGottingenand,asithappened,roomedin
thelargehouseofaphysiciannamedCariowhereOppenheimeralsohadaroom.
(1)room:tooccupyaroom,lodge寄宿，住
名词动用:
a.表示物件的名词
book,chair,pin,seat,map,picture,pencil,bag,bottle,pocket
b.表示身体部位的名词
hand,back,head,shoulder,finger,nose,
eye
c.表示某类人的名词：
fool,nurse,host,doctor,man,soldier,
officer,father,
d.其它实物名词：
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house,room,bridge,flower,floor,
dust
e:抽象名词：
winter,battle,hunger,anger,time,number
sthavehadaprofoundeffectonOppenheimer.
Collocation:profoundeffect/influence/impact
Otherexamples:
开支票
创造奇迹makewonder（wrong）
Workwonder
取得成就recordachievement
好票goodseat
衣食住行food,clothing,shelter,transportation
gutsythingtodo.(4.6)
(1)gutsy:(informal)courageous
扩充:
Guts:(slang)courageorboldness
Hehasnoguts.他没种。
Heisachicken.=coward
Chick=girl
Chickmovie
9.…shemighthaveachancetotalkwithotherpeoplewhowereinthesameboat.
(1)inthesameboat:inthesamesituationasanotherorothers
比较：同病相怜
同舟共济
Anoldsaying:
Thoseinthesameboatshouldrowtogether
同舟应共济
我们应该同舟共济
Asweareinthesameboat,nthes
struckbythefactthat,likeOppenheimer,Spenderseemed“unfocused”.
(4.20)
(1)strike:impress
Hestrikesmeassissy.
C．Sentences
eimerallowedonetofillintherestofthesentence.(3fromthe
bottom)
2.(As)interestingasitmighthavebeentoheartheresponses,thisdidnotseemtobe
thesortofanecdotethatwouldgooverespeciallywellataconferencedevotedto
poetry.(ntence)
Gooverwell:bewellreceived
Irony
3．Pittedagainsttheseexcellentreasonsformynotgoingtotheconferencewere
12
twoothersthatfinallycarriedtheday.(4.1)
(1)topit:tosetincompetitionagainst;
(2)tocarrytheday:towin
4.…shewasfindingitprettyroughgoing.
(1)rough:notsmooth
(2)going:progressing
ide,Ihadreadinthetentativeprogramoftheconferencethatoneofthe
othertutorswastobeStephenSpender.(4.9)
(1)thisaside:thisbeingputaside;apartfromthis
(2)tentative:notfinal,notcertain暂定的，临时的
6．Heis,forme,oneofthosepeoplewhosewritingabouttheirwritingismore
interestingthantheirwritingitself.(4.13)
7．AudenmusthavebeentoSpenderwhatDiracwasforOppenheimer,aconstant
reminderofthedifferencebetweenbeing“great”andbeing“merelyverygood”.
(4.18)
gprofoundlyeccentric,bothAudenandDirac,probablynotbyaccident,
insulatedthemselves.(4.23)
edthatthiswaspartofasmallcollectionhehadinheritedfromhisfatherto
whichhehadneveradded.(ntence)
sthedirector’smansion.(5.3)
(1)director:referringtothedirectoroftheInstituteforAdvancedStudyinPrinceton.
(2)mansion:alarge,imposinghouse
红楼梦
异化
归化
ADreamofRedMansions
TheStoryoftheStone
DavidHawks
headlikethatofaverysmallintelligentbody,withalongbacktoit,
remi
skullgivesanalmostegg-shellimpressionoffragility,andissupportedbyaverythin
ressionisradiantandatthesametimeascetic.(6.6)
asnocommentaboutthefactthat,threeyearsearlier,Oppenheimerhad
been“tried”fordisloyaltytothiscountryandthathisclearancehadbeentakenaway.
(7.1)
(1)clearance＝securityclearance,whichmeanspermissionallowingaccess:
Officialpermissionforsomebodytohaveaccesstoasecurefacilityortoinformation
13
thathasbeenclassifiedforreasonsofnationalsecurity
ic
intohissittingroomandsawaveryfinevanGoghofasunaboveafield
almostentirelyenclosedinshadows.(5.6)
Metonymy