上海高考
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2023年2月12日发(作者：)1
2014~2019年上海高考真题汇编—完型填空
2019年春考
Directions:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagestherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,
ineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.
AccordingtotheWorldEconomicForum,arriersto
entryandfallingcostsmeanstheyaredoingsofor___41___eof“citybreaks”—48-hourbursts
offoreigncultures—hasincreasedtouristnumbers,butnottheir___42___eattractionshave
beenusedtomarketcitiessuchasParisandVenicefordecades,andvisitorsusethesamefacilitiesasresidentsto
reachthem.“Toomanypeopledothesamethingattheexactsametime,”saysXavierFont,aprofessorof
sustainabilitymarketing.“For___43___,thecitynolongerbelongstothem.”
SoVeniceproposeswhatitiscalling“detourism”:sustainabletraveltips(建议)and___44___routesfor
exploringatrueVenice,offthepathsbeatenbythe28millionvisitorswhofloodineachyear.
Agreatervarietyof___45___forprospectivevisitors—ideasforwhattodoinoff-peakseasons,for
example,oroutsideofthecitycenter—canhavetheeffectofdiverting(分流)themfromalreadycrowded
landmarks,or___46___stays___47___thepressure,saysFont.“Ifyougo
toParisfortwodays,you’ofortwoweeks,you\'renotgoingtogotothe
Eiffeltower14times.”
Similarly,repeatvisitorshaveabettersenseofthe___48___.\"Weshouldbeaskinghowdowegettourists
to___49___,\'recomingforthefifthtime,itismucheasier
togettoknowourlifestyleandlocalcustoms.\"
Localgovernmentsarenow___50___thissustainableactivitybygivingpreferencetoresponsibletour
operator,ys,however,citiescouldbemore___51___aboutthetourists
theytrytoattractevenwhenthemarketingsuccessiscurrentlymeasuredbyhowmanythereare,andhowfar
they’vecome.
HepointstounpublisheddatafromaVenicetouristboardthatgivesprioritytoJapanesetouristsforspending
anaverageof$40moreperdaythanFrenchtourists—a(n)___52___thatfailstotakeintoaccountthemore
carbonemissionstheJapaneseproducesontheirway.___53___touristsarealsomorelikelytoberepeatvisitors
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thatcomeatoff-peaktimes,buylocalproducts,and___54___productive
stepstowardsmore___55___tourism,andmorepeacefulrelationswithresidents.
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答案：41-55DABDCCADDABCBAD
2018年秋考
Directions:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagestherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,
ineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.（回忆版，干扰选项不是原题）
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When17-year-oldQuattroMusserhangsoutwithfriends,theydon\'tdrinkbeerorcruisearoundincarswith
theirdates.___41___,theysticktoG-ratedactivitiessuchasrock-climbingortalkingaboutbooks.
Theyareingoodcompany,accordingtoanewstudyshowingthatteenagersareincreasinglydelaying
activitiesthathadlongbeenseenasritesofpassageinto___42___.Thestudy,publishedTuesdayinthejournal
ChildDevelopment,eadriver\'slicense,whohave
triedalcohol,whodate,andwhoworkforpayhasplummetedsince1976,withthemostprecipitous___43___in
linesappearedacrossrace,geographic,andsocioeconomiclines,andinrural,urban,and
suburbanareas.
Tobesure,morethanhalfofteensstillengageintheseactivities,butthe___44___haveslimmed
avealsoreportedasteadydeclineinsexualactivityinrecentdecades,astheportionofhigh
schoolstudentswhohavehadsexfellfrom54percentin1991to41percentin2015,accordingtoCentersfor
DiseaseControlstatistics.\"Peoplesay,\'Oh,it\'sbecauseteenagersaremoreresponsible,ormorelazy,ormore
boring,\'butthey\'re___45___thelargertrend,\"saidJeanTwenge,leadauthorofthestudy,whichdrewonseven
,shesaid,kidsmaybeless___46___inactivitiessuchasdating,
drivingorgettingjobsbecauseintoday\'ssociety,theynolongerneedto.
Accordingtoanevolutionarypsychologytheorythataperson\'s\"lifestrategy\"slowsdownorspeedsup
dependingonhisorher___47___,exposuretoa\"harshandunpredictable\"environmentleadstofaster
development,whileamoreresource-richandsecureenvironmenthasthe___48___effect,
firstscenario,\"You\'dhavealotofkidsandbeinsurvivalmode,starthavingkidsyoung,expectyourkidswill
havekidsyoung,andexpectthattherewillbemore___49___andfewerresources,\"saidTwenge,apsychology
professoratSanDiegoStateUniversitywhoistheauthorof\"iGen:WhyToday\'sSuper-ConnectedKidsAre
GrowingUpLessRebellious,MoreTolerant,LessHappy-andCompletelyUnpreparedforAdulthood.\"
Inthatmodelateenageboymightbethinkingmore___50___aboutmarriage,anddrivingacarandworking
forpaywouldbeimportantfor\"establishingmatevaluebasedonprocurementofresources,\"
Americaisshiftingmoretowardthe___51___model,andthechangeisapparentacrossthesocioeconomic
spectrum,Twengesaid.\"Eveninfamilieswhoseparentsdidn\'thaveacollege___52___...familiesaresmaller,and
theideathatchildrenneedtobecarefullynurturedhasreallysunkin.\"The___53___of\"adultactivities\"could
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notbeattributedtomorehomeworkorextracurricularactivities,thestudysaid,notingthatteenstodayspend
fewerhoursonhomeworkandthesameamountoftimeonextracurricularsastheydidinthe1990s(withthe
exceptionofcommunityservice,whichhasrisenslightly).NorcouldtheuseofsmartphonesandtheInternetbe
entirelythe___54___,thereportsaid,sincethedeclinebeganbeforetheywerewidelyavailable.,Ifthedelayisto
makeroomforcreativeexplorationandformingbettersocialandemotionalconnections,itisagoodthing,he
itisnotthe___55___,obviouslythat\'saconcern.\"
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答案：BDCBDABCDCADBAC
5
2018年春考
Directions:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagestherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,
ineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.（回忆版）
Humanshatemarkedlytogiveworkersmorethantheydeserve,andindeedmanywillsettleforlessto
hisimpulse___41___?Perhapsnot,sayspsychologicalscientistMarie
SchäingtoSchäfer,nobodyhaseverlookedathowyoungchildrenfromdifferent
___42___sreasontosuspectthatmeritocracy（英才教育）maybe
moreofaWesternconceptandvalue,sosheandseveralcolleaguesdecidedtoputthistothetest,studyingthe
___43___ofchildren,fourto11yearsold,inthreedifferentcultures.
childwasgivenanumberofsweetsequal
tothetotalnumberoffishinthecatch,andwastoldtodistributethesweetsanywayheorshewanted—without
valuedmerit,childrenshould___44___thesweetsaccordingto
,iftheyhadlandedthesamenumberoffish,theywouldchoosetorewardeachone
___45___,butifonefaredmuchbetteratfishing,asewherethey
weresimplygiventhefish,rewardsshouldbeunrelatedtocatchsize—sincenoeffortwasinvolved.
Culture___46___.That’sthemainfindingamongmanyfromthestudy,asdescribedinaforthcomingissue
manchildrendistributedthespoilsofthedaypreciselyinproportion
to___47___,rast,childrenfromthetwo
indingssuggestthatthebasicnotionof
meritanddistributivejusticeisfarfromuniversalinourspecies,andthat___48___isculturallydefined.
Butwhy?Thescientistsoffersome___49___dbethatinlarge-scalesocietieslikeGermany,a
meritocracyis___50___forregulatingtransactionsbetweenpeoplewhodon’tknoweachotherandmaynot
usisonequitableinteractions,becausethingswon’tbe“evenedout”l
scalesocieties,___51___mostexchangestakeplacebetweenpeoplewhoare___52___
bemoreimportantinsuchsocietiestobuildlong-termrelationshipsbasedonequity—ratherthantoinsiston
itarianforagersocieties,suchastheHaillom,___53___isanimportant
levelingmechanism,___54___enmayinternalizethese
socialvaluesearlyon,andapplythemevenwhenthefishingtripis___55___.
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答案：41-55BABDCCADBDCADCB
2017年秋考
Directions:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagestherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,
ineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.(非官方版)
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Famouspeopleoftensaythatthekeytobecomingbothhappyandsuccessfulisto“dowhatyoulove.”But
masteringaskill,evenonethatyoudeeplylove,(41)______whowantsto
masteraskillmustrunthroughthecycleofpractice,(42)______feedback,modification,andincreasing
improvementagain,again,opleseemabletoconcentrateonpracticinganactivitylikethisfor
ersfindthiskindoffocused,time-intensiveworkto
be(43)______?
Thedifferencemayturnontheabilitytoenterintoastateof“flow,”thefeelingofbeingcompletely(44)
______ryoucallitbeing“inthezone,”orsomethingelse,aflowstateisaspecial
ihalyCsikszentmihalyidevelopedthe(45)______offlowinthe1970’s,ithasbeena
atescanhappeninthecourseofanyactivity,andtheyaremost
commonwhenataskhaswell-definedgoalsandisata(n)(46)______skilllevel,andwheretheindividualisable
to(47)______theirperformancetoclearandimmediatefeedback.
Csikszentmihalyisuggestedthatthosewhomost(48)______enteredintoflowstateshadan“autotelic
personality(自带目的性人格)”—hose
withoutsuchapersonalityseedifficulties,lic
ealso(49)______andhavelowlevelsof
ople,withtheircapacityfor“disinterestedinterest”haveagreat(50)______over
othersindevelopingtheirinnateabilities.
Fortunatelyforthoseofuswhoaren’t(51)______blessedwithanautotelicpersonality,thereisevidence
thatflowstatescanbe(52)______byenvironmentalfactors.(53)______,thelearningframeworkprescribedby
Montessorischoolsseemstoencourageflowstates.
Whilethereisn’t(yet)apillthatcanturndullpracticeintoathrillingactivityforanyone,itishearteningthat
weseem,atleasttosome(54)______,ngourselves
unstructured,open-endedtime,minimal(55)______,andatasksetatamoderatelevelofdifficulty,wemaybe
abletolovewhatwe’redoingwhileweputinthehardworkpracticingthethingswelovedoing.
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答案：
41-55BDACABDCBCADABD
2017年春考
Directions:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagestherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,
ineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.
Everbeenjustabouttocallsomeonewhenthephoneringsandthepersoninquestionisontheotherend?Or
haveyouexperiencedasuddenfeelingofuneaseordanger,eventhoughyou\'reina(n)___41___situation?Ifyou
don’tbelieveinit,you’llputitdownto___42___epeoplebelieveitis
___43___thatthereisasixthsensebeyondsmell,taste,touch,,scientistsarecarryingout
experimentsnotonlytoprovethatitexists,butalsotofindouthowyoucan___44___ittoyouradvantage.
DeanRadin,aresearcherinCalifornia,hassetuptheBoundaryInstituteinLosAltosandiscurrentlyusing
itswebsitetorecruit(招募)4,000peoplein57countriestofindoutifthereareany___45___instancesofsixth
senseor,ashecallsit,\"recognition\"—ultssofarare___46___.Ina
cardtest,whereyouhaveto___47___whichofthefivecardsonacomputerscreenwillbeturnedoverto
revealapicture,thetopscorershitthetherightcard48%ofthetime—___48___ofthishappeningare2,669to
1.
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___49___,Radin’smostfamousstudyinvolvesparticipantslookingatavarietyofimagethataredesigned
xperiment,participantssitaloneinroominfrontofacomputer,with
devicesattachedtotheirbodiestomeasurechangesinskinresistanceandbloodflow,whicharemeasuresof
asfoundthatoneinsixpeoplehasariseinarousalbeforetheyseetheroad
accident-typepictures,whileremaining___50___beforethetree-typepictures.
Butevenifyoudoacceptthatasixthsenseexists,thequestionis,doesitactually___51___?Radinsaysit
does.“Thefutureofourcivilizationdependson___52___thatarebeingmadenow,whetherit\'sabouthowwe
farmourfood,howwegetridofourwasteorwhetherweallowchemicalstobeincludedineverydayproducts.
Wedon’thaveanswerstotheseimportantquestions,yetwhatwedecideonwill___53___ourlivesfordecades
ngwecandotoimproveourabilitytopredictfutureeventsiswellworththe___54___.”Hesays.
Ifitturnsoutthatsomepeoplecangenuinelyforecastthefuturesomeofthetime,asIbelievethedatashows,
then___55___thisabilityisasimportantascutting-edgescience.
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答案：41-55CABDDABDCBABCCD
10
2016年秋考
Directions:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagestherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,
ineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.
Inthe1960s,DouglasMcGregor,oneofthekeythinkersintheartofmanagement,developedthemost
Xistheideathatpeopleinstinctively51workandwilldoanything
Yistheviewthateveryonehasthepotentialtofindsatisfactioninwork.
Inanycase,despitesomuchevidencetothe52,lieve,
53,thattheiremployeesneedconstantsupervisioniftheyaretoworkeffectively,orthatdecisionsmustbe
,ofcourse,makesforauthoritarian(专制的)managers.
authoritarianmanagement,somecultures,
particularlyinAsia,arewellknownfortheconsultativenatureofdecision-making—allmembersofthedepartmentor
stern
companieshavetriedtoimitatesuchAsianwaysofdoingthings,
expertssaythatwomenwillbecomemoreeffectivemanagersthanmenbecausetheyhavethepowertoreach
commongoalsinawaythattraditional58managerscannot.
Arecenttrendhasbeentoencourageemployeestousetheirowninitiative,tomakedecisionsontheirown
powerment(授权)hasbeenpartofthetrendtowardsdownsizing:60
e-layeringinthisway,acompanymaybe61with
justatoplevelofseniormanagers,front-linemanagersandemployeeswithdirectcontactwiththepublic.
Empowermenttakestheideaofdelegation(委托)rment
anddelegationmeannewformsofmanagementcontrolto63thattheoverallbusinessplanisbeing
followed,andthatoperationsbecomemoreprofitableundertheneworganization,ratherthanless.
Anothertrendisoff-siteor64management,whereteamsofpeoplelinkedbye-mailandtheInternet
tmanagersevaluatethe65oftheteammembersintermsof
whattheyproduceforprojects,ratherthantheamountoftimetheyspendonthem.
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答案：DABDCBADACBBDAC
2015年秋考
Directions:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagestherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,
ineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.
Ifyoustudiedpicturesthatancientpeopleleftonrockwallsandyoutriedtodeterminetheirmeaning,you
wouldnotdetectadeepinterestinromanceamongtheartists.51,youwouldseeplentyofanimalswith
rancientpeopleseemedtocenteronhuntingandgatheringwildfoodsfor
meals.
Inmoderntimes,whenfoodisavailableingrocerystores,findingloveismore52topeople’slives.
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ess
numberofbooksandmoviesqualifyaslovestoriesinpopularculture.
Researchersarestudyingwhetherlove,ahighlyvaluedemotionalstate,k,whatis
love?Toothpastecompanieswantustothinkattractionisallaboutcleanteeth,butcleanteethgoonlysofar.
eprobablyheardthatoppositesattractbutthat55
attract,ngiscertain:Thetruthaboutloveisnotyetsetinstone.
FirstImpression
Tohelpdeterminethe56ofattraction,researcherspaired164collegeclassmatesandhadthemtalkfor
3,6or10minutessotheycouldgetasenseofeachother’udentswereaskedto57
ineweeks,theyreportedwhat
happened.
Asitturnedout,tsseemedto59atanearlystagewho
wouldbestfitintotheirlives.
The60Knows
Scientiimalsgiveoff
pheromones—naturalchemicalsthatcanbedetectedby,andthencanproducearesponsein,otheranimalsofthe
onescansignalthatananimaliseitherreadytofightorisfeeling61topartnerships.
Incontrast,,however,does
ghwemaynotbeawareofchemicalslikepheromonesconsciously,
wegiveandreceiveloadsofinformationthroughsmellineveryinteractionwithotherpeople.
FaceValue
Beingfondofsomeoneseemstohaveanumberoffactors,includingseeingsomethingwefindattractive.
ticipantshad0.013secondstovieweachface,yet
somehowtheygenerallyconsideredtheimagesthesameaspeoplewhohadmoretimetostudythesamefaces.
Thewaywe64attractivenessseemstobesomewhatautomatic.
Whenshownanattractivefaceandthenwordswithgoodorbadassociations,peoplerespondedto65
somethingattractiveseemstocausehappythinking.
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答案：ACBDCCABBAADBDC
2014年秋考
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Directions:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagestherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,
ineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.
Researchhasshownthattwo-thirdsofhumanconversationistakenupnotwithdiscussionoftheculturalor
politicalproblemsoftheday,notheateddebatesaboutfilmswe\'vejustwatchedorbookswe\'vejustfinished
reading,butplainandsimple__51__.
Languageisourgreatesttreasureasaspecies,andwhatdowe__52__dowithit?thers\'
behaviourandprivatelives,suchaswho\'sdoingwhatwithwhom,who\'sinandwho\'sout-andwhy;howtodeal
withdifficult__53__situationsinvolvingchildren,lovers,andcolleagues.
Sowhyarewekeenongossiping?Arewejustnatural__54__,ofbothtimeandwords?Ordowetalkalot
aboutnothinginparticularsimplytoavoidfacinguptothereallyimportantissuesoflife?It\'snotthecase
,inhislatestbook,Grooming,GossipandtheEvolutionofLanguage,
thepsychologistsaysgossipisoneofthesereally__55__issues.
Dunbar__56__thetraditionalviewthatlanguagewasdevelopedbythemenattheearlystageofsocial
developmentinordertoorganizetheirmanlyhuntingactivitiesmoreeffectively,oreventopromotetheexchange
dhesuggeststhatlanguageevolvedamongwomen.
Wedon\'tspendtwo-thirdsofourtimegossipingjustbecausewecantalk,arguesDunbar—__57__,hegoesonto
say,languageevolvedspecificallytoallowustogossip.
Dunbararrivedathischeerytheorybystudyingthe__58__ofthehigherprimates（灵长类动物）like
sofgrooming--cleaningthefurbybrushingit,monkeysformgroupswithotherindividualson
whomtheycanrelyforsupportintheeventofsomekindofconflictwithinthegroupor__59__fromoutsideit.
Aswehumanbeingsevolvefromaparticularbranchoftheprimatefamily,Dunbar__60__thatatonetime
ngtogethermadesensebecausethebiggerthegroup,thegreaterthe
__61__itprovided;ontheotherhand,thebiggerthegroup,thegreaterthestressesoflivingclosetoothers.
Groominghelpedto__62__thepressureandcalmeverybodydown.
Butasthegroupsgotbiggerandbigger,theamountoftimespentingroomingactivitiesalsohadtobe
__63__y,amore__64__kindofgroomingwasneeded,andthuslanguage
evolvedasakindofvocal（有声的）groomingwhichallowedhumanstodeveloprelationshipwithever-larger
groupsbyexchanginginformationoverawidernetworkofindividualsthanwouldbepossiblebyone-to-one
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答案：CBADABCDACDDBBC