teach的过去式和过去分词

teach的过去式和过去分词

-产品建模

动词过去式和过去分词的变化规则

动词过去式和过去分词有规则变化和不规则变化两种。

1.规则变化

1.一般情况直接加ed，如ask—asked,work—worked

2.以不发音的e结尾，只加d，如love—loved,dance—danced

3.以辅音字母加y结尾，把y变为i，再加ed，如try—tried,study—studied

4.以一个元音字母和一个辅音结尾的重读闭音节结尾的动词(以重读闭音节或r音节结

尾而末尾只有一个辅音字母)，先双写末尾这个辅音字母，再加ed，如stop—stopped,

permit—permitted

注：A.以l结尾的动词，尾音节重读时，双写l，如control—controlled；尾音节不重读

时，双不双写都可以，如travel—traveled(美)/travelled(英)。

B.特例：picnic—picnicked—picnicked(去野餐)，traffic—trafficked—trafficked（交易，

在…通行）

另外，还有很多动词的过去式和过去分词是不合乎上述规则的，需要熟记。(见后)

C.读音与说明:

①.-ed在清辅音音素后发音为[t]:helped,liked,finished,fetched,stopped,clapped

②.-ed在浊辅音和元音后发音为[d]:believed,changed,planned,preferred,followed,stayed

③.-ed在[t]、[d]后发音为[id]:wanted,needed,admitted,permitted

2.不规则变化

英语中有些动词的过去式和过去分词形式变化不规则，可主要分为几种情况。

【AAA型】：

put—put—putcut—cut—cutshut—shut—shutset—set—set

hit—hit—hithurt—hurt—hurtcost—cost—cost★read/ri:d/—read/red/—read/red/

let—let—letforecast—forecast—forecast,burst—burst—burst

broadcast—broadcast—broadcastcast—cast—castspread—spread—spread

bid1—bid—bid出价recast—recast—recastbet—bet—betrid—rid—rid

reset—reset—reset

【ABB型】：

(原形→aught/ought→aught/ought)

*catchcaughtcaught

*teachtaughttaught

bringbroughtbrought

buyboughtbought

thinkthoughtthought

【原形→元音变化→元音变化】：

sitsatsat

meetmetmet

findfoundfound

getgotgot

standstoodstood

understandunderstoodunderstood

winwonwon

holdheldheld

shineshoneshone

digdugdug

hanghung/hangedhung/hanged

【原形→“…t”→“…t”】

loselostlost

buildbuiltbuilt

spillspiltspilt

spoilspoiltspoilt

sendsentsent

spendspentspent

smellsmeltsmelt

feelfeltfelt

meanmeantmeant

learnlearnt/learnedlearnt/learned

lendlentlent

【原形→“…d”→“…d”】

hearheardheard

makemademade

have(has)hadhad

paypaidpaid

saysaidsaid

laylaidlaid

sellsoldsold

telltoldtold

【“ee/ea”→“e..t”→“e..t”】

sleepsleptslept

sweepsweptswept

keepkeptkept

leaveleftleft

【ABC型】：

(原形→变形→原形+en/ne)

be(am,is)wasbeen

be(are)werebeen

seesawseen

dodiddone

gowentgone

beatbeatbeaten

eatateeaten

givegavegiven

hidehidhidden

fallfellfallen

mistakemistookmistaken

taketooktaken

drivedrovedriven

riseroserisen

rideroderidden

writewrotewritten

原形→“-o-”→“过去式-n”)

breakbrokebroken

speakspokespoken

choosechosechosen

forgetforgotforgotten

freezefrozefrozen

wakewoke/wakedwoken/waked

(原形→“ew”→“原形-n”)

drawdrewdrawn

blowblewblown

showshowedshown

*flyflewflown

growgrewgrown

throwthrewthrown

knowknewknown

(原形→“-a-”→“-u-”)

beginbeganbegun

ringrangrung

drinkdrankdrunk

singsangsung

sinksank/sunksunk/sunken

swimswamswum

【其他】

lielaylain

wearworeworn

【ABA型】

becomebecamebecome

comecamecome

runranrun

【AB型】(无过去分词)

maymight

mustmust

cancould

shallshould

willwould