西延安中学
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2023年2月12日发(作者：)2021届上海市西延安中学高三英语上学期期中考试试题及答案解析
第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项
A
Somecollegeshavestartedofferingtheirowngapyearprogramstosupportstudentswhowanttotakea
,we’lllookatfouroftheseprograms.
AmericanUniversityGapProgram
Whentoapply:ByJuly15orNovember15
Istherefundingavailable?No.
InAmericanUniversityGapProgram,studentsspendthreedaysperweekwithagovernmentorbusiness
tsgoonfieldtrips,listentoguestspeakers,takepartinhands-onlessonsandwork
tswhocompletetheprogramcanearnsevencredits.
DukeUniversityGapYearProgram
Whentoapply:ByearlyMayofeachyear
Istherefundingavailable?Yes,$5,000to$15,000.
ThoughDukeUniversityhasnocourseofstudyorexperienceforitsgapyearprogram,itencouragesstudents
tohaveanindependentplanfortheiryearoff,ndent
experiencesmayincludecommunityservice,personalizedexperientiallearningopportunitiesandothers.
FloridaStateUniversityGapYear
Whentoapply:ByFebruary24
Istherefundingavailable?Yes,upto$5,000.
FloridaStateUniversityoffersgapyearfundingtostudentswishingtoworkorvolunteerbeforestarting
rtogetthemomey,eriencemustlast
overoneyear.
StNorbertCollegeBridgeYearExperience
Whentoapply:notspecified
Istherefundingavailable?Notspecified.
StudentstakingpartintheBridgeYearExperiencecantraveltolocationssuchasNewMexico,Wisconsinand
Guatemaladuringthefallterm,wheretheylearnaboutthelocalcultures,takecoursesandgetservice
opportunities.
esDukeUniversityadvisestudentstododuringtheirgapyear?
pendentoftheirparents.
tsomeoff-campusorganization.
studentsgetgapyearfundingfromFloridaStateUniversity?
nizingseveralprojects.
gvolunteerwork.
reinterestedintravelling,youcanchoose________.
aStateUniversityGapYear
anUniversityGapProgram
iversityGapYearProgram
tCollegeBridgeYearExperience
B
FormostthinkerssincetheGreekphilosophers,itwasself-evidentthatthereissomethingcalledhuman
nature,erevariousviewsaboutwhatconstitutesit,but
therewasagreementthatsuchanessenceexists—thatistosay,thatthereissomethingbyvirtueofwhichmanis
nwasdefinedasarational(理性的)being,asasocialanimal,ananimalthatcanmaketools,ora
symbol-makinganimal.
Morerecently,sonforthischangewasthe
inationofthehistoryofhumanitysuggested
thatmaninourtimeissodifferentfrommaninprevioustimesthatitseemedunrealistictoassumethatmenin
everyagehavehadincommonsomethingthatcanbecalled“humannature.”Thehistoricalapproachwas
strengthened,particularlyintheUnitedStates,bystudiesinthefieldofculturalanthropology(人类学).Thestudy
ofprimitivepeopleshasdiscoveredsuchadiversityofcustoms,values,feelings,andthoughtsthatmany
anthropologistsarrivedattheconceptthatmanisbornasablanksheetofpaperonwhicheachculturewritesits
rfactorcontributingtothetendencytodenytheassumptionofafixedhumannaturewasthatthe
concepthassooftenbeenabusedasashield(盾牌)
nameofhumannature,forexample,Aristotleandmostthinkersuptotheeighteenthcenturydefendedslavery.
Orinordertoprovetherationalityandnecessityofthecapitalistformofsociety,scholarshavetriedtomakea
caseforacquisitiveness,competitiveness,rly,onerefers
cynically（愤世嫉俗地）to“humannature”inacceptingtheinevitabilityofsuchundesirablehumanbehavioras
greed,murder,cheatingandlying.
Anotherreasonfordisbeliefabouttheconceptofhumannatureprobablyliesintheinfluenceofevolutionary
ncametobeseenasdevelopingintheprocessofevolution,theideaofasubstancewhichis
lieveitispreciselyfromanevolutionarystandpointthatwe
canexpectnewinsightintotheproblemofthenatureofman.
ilosophersbelievedthathumannature________.
ualitydistinguishingmanfromotheranimals
tsofcompetitivenessandselfishness
thingpartlyinnateandpartlyacquired
tsofrationalityandundesirablebehavior
ditionalviewof“humannature”wasstronglychallengedby________.
toricalapproachtoman
losophicalanalysisofslavery
ingtothepassage,anthropologistsbelievethathumanbeings________.
nwithdiversecultures
theircharactersastheygrowup
hormentionedAristotle,agreatancientthinker,inorderto________.
izethathecontributedalottodefiningtheconceptof“humannature”
attheconceptof“humannature”wasusedtojustifysocialevils
hathehadaprofoundinfluenceontheconceptof“humannature”
ttheideathatsomehumancharactersareinherited.
C
In2002,youngElonMusktriedunsuccessfullytobuyRussianrocketstohelphimsendmicetoMarsandback.
Afterwards,theyoungmillionairedecidedtobuildhisownrockets.
MuskwenttoSoyshort
time,anddespitesomefailures,hiscompanySpaceXlaunchedFalcon1,thefirstsuccessfulprivately-builtliquid
fuelrocket,intoEarth\'sorbitin2008.
AsthefirstFalconrocketbegantesting,ch
largerrocket,whichusesnineenginestoliftheavypayloads（有效载荷）intoorbit,isengineeredtoreturntoEarth,
readytobereusedforanotherflight.
ForMusk,peoplegetthere,hiscompanyNeuralinkisdeveloping
devicesthatwilllinkpeople\'ardevicehasbeendevelopedattheUniversityof
istsofachip（芯片）with256threads（线程）thatisplacedbetweenaperson\'
threadsattachdirectlytobraintissue（脑组织）.Patientswhohavethedeviceareabletouseonlytheirmindsto
communicatewithoneanotherthroughcomputers.
Neuralink\'schipswillhaveabout1,developedbythecompanywillplaceuptotenchips
underaperson\'pswillcommunicatewithoutwiresbutwithatinydevicethatwillbewornbehind
theperson\'vice,inturn,marymarketforthetechnology
willbeforpeoplethat,becauseofinjuriesorbirthdefects,uralink^
product,they\'llbeabletomentallycommandacomputertotypemessagesforthemorcarryoutothertasks.
ingtothisarticle,whatwasthefirstFalcon1abletodo?
istantmoons.
heuniverse.
esthearticleexplainaboutNeuralink\'schips?
y\'fetyfeaturesthey\'llhave.
hmoneythey\'hey\'llbeproduced.
ingtothisarticle,whoisNeuralinkgoingtomarketitsproducttofirst?
hoowngreatwealth.
hoarephysicallydisabled.
hotravelinternationally.
hodoresearchonplants.
hpublicationisthisarticlemostlikelytoappear?
rnalofEnvironmentalStudies.
esinBusinessandTechnology.
ofFashionandEntertainmentNews,
er\'sGuidetoOutdoorRecreation.
D
Haveyoueverbeenonsocialmediaandseenyourfavoritecelebritytalkingaboutaproduct?These
promotionsmightnotbetotallyrandom,
questionis:Howdosocialmediainfluencers‘influence’whatyoubuy?
Humandesireforstatusandmakingfriends,combinedwithourneedtobelongtoagroup,makesus
receptivetobeing‘sociallyinfluenced’.Companiesoftenusethatdesiretohaveasimilarlifestyletoacelebritywe
,whatdothesepromotionsactuallydo?
Firstly,lmediainfluencershouldhaveastrong
understandingoftheplatformtheyoperateon,andthereforecancreateappealingcontentthatnotonlysticksto
thebrandimage,butsparkstheirfollowers’interestsinaproducttheymightneverhaveseenbefore.
Secondly,influencerscanimproveacompanyorproduct’ing
toInMoment’s2018USRetailCXTrendsReportoncustomerloyalty,77%ofbuyershavebeenbrandloyalfor
alsotrueof60%arcelebritycantargetkeycustomersandtalk
orblogaboutaproduct,whichcancreateaninstantandlastingbondwiththem.
Lastly,influencerscanimprovecustomerbuyinghabitswithseemingly‘unbiasedopinions’.Wearemore
likelytorespondto‘peerrecommendation’thantraditionalads,meaningthefactweseeaninfluencerasa‘friend’
canmakeuslesslikelytobedoubtfulaboutwhatweareseeing.
So,thenexttimeyouseeacelebritytalkingaboutaproduct,youmightwanttoconsiderthatthiscouldbea
caindyourselfexamininga
productyou’veseenonsocialmedia,youmaywellhavebeeninfluenced.
ompaniesinvitecelebritiestolaunchproducts?
ecelebritiescanimprovethecompanies’publicimages.
econsumersliketosharesimilaritywithcelebrities.
ecelebritieswanttomakemoremoney.
econsumerscanmakefriendswithcelebrities.
ingtothepassage,whichstrategyisoftenusedbyinfluencers?
ggiftstocustomers.
advantageoftheirpopularity.
omers,therecommendationsofinfluencersseemtobe________.
ding
sageismainlyabout________.
ialmediainfluenceourlifestyle
ebritiesearnfame
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项
Whenthebodytemperaturereaches104degreesFahrenheit(40℃),apersonmaybesufferingfromaserious
conditioncalledheatstroke.____16____Besides,onemaysufferfromheatstrokewhenheparticipatesinextreme
physicalactivityinawarmenvironment.
sonusuallyhasahighbodytemperature,usuallyator
above40℃.Ifthestrokeistheresultofhighclimatetemperatures,the
resultofphysicalexercise,theskinmayfeelmoist,almostclammy(湿粘的).____17____
Ifheatstrokeisnottreated,apersonmaygointoshock(休克).____18____Asaresult,thebloodpressure
drops,thenailsandlipsmayturnblue,untreated,shockmaycauseorgan
failureorevendeath.
Thereareseveralwaystotreatheatstroke.____19____Oneexampleoftreatmentincludesplacingthe
rcoolingtechniqueinvolvesmistingcoolwaterover
poration(蒸发)ofthewaterworkstocooltheperson’sbodytemperature
andtreattheheatstroke.
____20____Forexample,,takebreaksinacoolarea
tion,ifthetemperaturesbecomeincreasinglyhot,itisbesttoavoid
extremephysicalactivity.
rokecanresultinanumberofproblems.
athappens,theblooddoesnotflowproperly.
rokecanbepreventedbyfollowingafeweasytips.
tedheatstrokecanquicklydamageyourbrainandheart.
cases,adoctorshouldbeconsultedifapersonissuspectedofhavingheatstroke.
tion,thepersonmayhaverapidbreathing,orhaveahigherheartrate.
llyoccurswhenonespendslargeamountsoftimeinahotenvironment.
第二部分语言运用（共两节，满分45分）
第一节（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项
IfyouaskedmehowIfeltaboutrunningfiveyearsago,dwithmy
asthma(哮喘)andgenerallackofmotivation,Iconsideredrunningasoneofmy___21___enemies.
Asapre-teen,thedaysingymclassalways___22___mewhentheteacherannouncedthatwewouldbe
___23___myselftothestartingline,alittlebehindeveryoneelse,andwaitforthe
whistleto___24___.Afterthewhistleblew,Istartedoffinstepwithmyclassmates,butfeltmy___25___beganto
bum,andmylegsfeltlikethey’d___26___thwouldhitchinmychestasIslowedtoa
walk,___27___lookinguptoseemyclassmatesrunpast.I’dconstantly___28___ikemy
lungs___29___’tevenruna___30___,canIevendoanythingright?
Havingthose___31___,Idecideditwouldbebesttoavoidrunningatall___32___.IfIwenttothegym,I
tookgymclassesthat___33___littletonorunning,___34___toavoidrunningsucceeded.
Yearslater,Iimpulsively(冲动地)___35___thecourse,Ifeltthesamepitinmy
ething___36___dofallowingmythoughtstoovertakeme,I___37___putting
onefootinfrontoftheother,andIletmyselfgetcaughtupinthe___38___ofmyfeethittingtheground.
Surprisinglyenough,mylungswereabletofindabeatwithmyfeet,andIendeduprunningtheentirerace
without___39___towalk.
Inhindsight(事后看来),Irealizethatitwasmy___40___thatgotmethroughtherace,Ibelieveinrunning.
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第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式
UptoJune23rd,2020,55BeiDousatellites___41.___(send)up，meaningthecompletionofChina\'s
self-developedBeiDouNavigation(导航)SatelliteSystem(BDS).BDSappearslater___42.___America\'sGPS,
Russia\'sGLONASSandEU\'sGalileo,fthefourth___43.___(globe)navigation
satellitesystems,BDSinvolveseffortsofover400agenciesand300,000researchpersonnelandtechnicians.
Originally___44.___(plan)inthe1980s,thenetworkrepresentsamilestoneinChina\'
comparabletoGPSintermsofthe___45.___(accurate)offersshortmessagecommunication
andthuscanprovideemergencycommunicationsinareas___46.___conventionalcommunicationsignalsare
poor.___47.___anefforttoimprovethequalityoftheirpositioningservices,AppleandSamsungphones,among
others,arealreadyusingBDS\'ssignals,andso___48.___(be)everyChinesebrand.
TheconstructionofcompleteBDSisahugetechnicalachievementforChinaandcan___49.___(easy)payoff
ile,BDS\'sgreatcontributionto____50.____(promote)theworld\'seconomicandsocial
developmentaswellasthepeacefuluseofspacehasattractedtheworld\'sattention.
第四部分写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节短文改错（满分10分）
51.假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。作文中共有10处语言错
误,每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号(℃)并在其下面写出该加的词。
修改:在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
删除:把多余的词用斜线()划掉。
注意:1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。
LastSunday,myparentsandIwenttothecountryside,ita
greenjourney,erythingready,rival,wegotdowntomaking
hemeal,my
fatherandIcouldn’hedourkitesdancinghighinthesky,
couldn’togetheratease,wequietlywatched
thegoldsettingsun,wishingtohavemorejoyfullyweekendslikethis.
第二节书面表达（满分25分）
52.阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。
Tayloropenedhersleepyeyesandlookedoutofthewindowatthefoggyfieldbelow.“NO!”shecried,now
milkthecowwasonMama’aveforgottentolockthegatelastnight,Taylor
splanningtoselldaisybouquets(花束)atthefairnext
termilkwaseatingtheflowers.
Taylorhurriedoutsideandgrabbedtheleadropehangingontheporch.“Whycan’tyoustayinthefield?”she
tevenlookingupather,Buttermilk
stoodnipping(啃咬)tenderflowersofftheirstems(茎).“WhenIgrowup,I’llbeanartistandpaintpicturesallday,”
Taylorthought.“I’htrouble.”
JustasTaylorwasabouttosnap(扣住)theleadropeontoButtermilk’scollar,thefamilydog,Red,rounded
couldn’milktookoff,tearingthroughthedaisiesacrossthe
allyranthroughtheopengateandintothefield.“Thankgoodness!”Taylorsaidassheclosedthegate
andsecuredtheland.
meoutof
thehouse.“What’sgoingon?”kedsadlyathergarden.“Iforgottolockthegate,”Taylorsaid.I’m
sosorry.”“Iknowyouare.”MamasighedandgaveTaylorahug.“Youlearnedanimportantlessontoday.”
Taylor’tothinkofawaytomakeituptoher
ingonthewallcaughtTaylor’seye.“That’sit.”Shesmiled.
注意：
1.所续写短文的词数应为150左右；
2.至少使用5个短文中标有下划线的关键词语；
3.续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好；
4.续写完成后，请用下划线标出你所使用的关键词语。
Paragraph1:
Taylorracedupstairs.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
Paragraph2:
Themorningofthefair,Dadloadeddaisybouquetsintothevan.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
参考答案
1.A2.C3.D
4.A5.A6.C7.B
8.C9.A10.B11.B
12.B13.D14.C15.C
16.G17.F18.B19.E20.C
21.B22.C23.D24.A25.D26.C27.B28.D29.B30.C31.D32.
A33.B34.D35.C36.A37.B38.A39.C40.A
ensent
d
cy
ing
51.(1).which→where
(2).agree→agreed
(3).preparation→preparations
(4).but→and
(5).在open前面加the
(6).laugh→laughing
(7).them→us
(8).将fell后的down去掉
(9).gold→golden
(10).joyfully→joyful
52.略