
wish虚拟语气的三种时态
-锅炉压力容器
2023年2月15日发(作者:瑟瑟资源站)学习好资料欢迎下载
虚拟语气与习题
1.动词wish后宾语从句中的虚拟语气
1)用wish表示现在的祝愿和抱歉。
其句子结构为:宾语从句的谓语be用were(was),实义动词用过去式。例:Iwishtheywereat
homethistime.
2)用wish表示对过去事情的遗憾。
其句子结构为:宾语从句的谓语用过去完成时,或could+现在完成时。例:IwishIhadn'thurt
himsomuch。
3)用wish表示对将来事情的愿望。其句子结构为宾语从句的结构,谓语为would/could/might+
动词原形。例:IwishImightbeabletocometomorrow。
2.用在一般虚拟条件句中的虚拟语气
1)表示与现在、过去、将来事实相反的假设
①与现在事实相反的假设。
其句子结构为:
从句:if+主语+动词的过去式(be变were)+其他
主句:主语+would(should,could,might)+动词原形+其他
例:IfIwereyou,Iwouldgowithhim.
②与过去事实相反的假设。
其句子结构为:
从句:lf+主语+过去完成时+其他
主句:主语+should(would,could,might)+现在完成时+其他。
例:Ifyouhadstudiedharderlastterm,youcouldhavepassedtheexam.
③表示对将来事实实现的可能性不大的假设。
其句子结构为:
从句:lf+主语+should(wereto)+动词原形+其他
主句:主语+would(could,should,might)+动词原形
例:Ifheweretogotomorrow,hemighttellyou.
2.)从句和主句要根据各自发所生的时间选用符合具体时间的虚拟语气形式
①从句表示过去,主句表示现在。
Iftheyhadstartedtheearlymorningyesterday,theywouldbeherenow.
②从句表示将来,主句表示过去。
IfIwerenottomakeapreparationformyexperimentthisafternoon,Iwouldhavegone
toseethefilmwithyoulastnight。
③从句表示过去,主句表示将来。
Ifwehadn'tmadeadequatepreparations,weshouldn'tdaretodotheexperimentnextweek。
④从句表示将来,主句表示现在。
Ifweshouldn'thaveanexamthisafternoon,Iwouldgoshoppingnow.
3.可以引起与事实相反的方式状语从句,用虚拟语气;由asif、asthough引起的与事实相反的句
子,不论主句的谓语是现在时或者说过去时,其谓语表示的时间概念和句子结构,都基本上与wish
后的宾语从句相同。例:
Johnpretendsasifhedidn'tknowthethingatall,butinfactheknowsitverywell.(用过去式表示与现在事实
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相反的假设)
Theoldmanlookedatthepicture,hefeltasthoughhehadgonebacktotime20yearsago.(用过去完成式表
示与过去相反的事实)
Theytalkedandtalkedasiftheywouldnevermeetagain(would+动词原形,表示与将来事
实相反)
4.在表示建议、命令、要求、忠告等动词的后面,其宾语从句的谓语用“should+动词原形”表示
虚拟语气
常用的此类动词有:
表示“要求”的:ask,desire,request,demand,require,beg
表示“提议、劝告、建议”的:move,propose,suggest,recommend,advise,vote
表示“决定、命令”的:decide,order
表示“主张”的:maintain,urge
表示“同意、坚持”的:consent,insist
例:Thedoctorsuggestedthathe(should)trytolosehisweight.
Heinsistedthatwe(should)tellhimthenews.
上述动词的名词形式,demand,desire,requirement,advice,order,decision,recommendation,
suggestion,以及necessity,preferenee,plan,motion,idea等名词,其后的表语从句或同位
语从句,也用“should+动词原形”表示虚拟语气。现代英语,特别是美国英语,常省去“should”,
例:
Theadviceisthatwe(should)leaveatonce.
Theideathatwe(should)visitGreatWallwaswarmlywelcomed.
5.在“Itis(was)+形容词(或过去分词)+that...............”结构中,主语从句的谓语也用“should+
原形动词“表虚拟语气
美国英语中省去should,常用的形容词和过去分词有:
表示“要求”的:required,demanded,requested,desired。
表示“建议”的:suggested,recommended,
表示“迫切、紧近、重要”的:imperative,urgent,necessary,essential,important,vital
表示“适当、较好”的:appropriate,advisable,better,preferable
表示“可能”的:probable,possible
表示“命令”的:ordered
例:Itwasnecessarythatwe(should)makeeverythingreadyaheadoftime.
Itisrequiredthatnobody(should)smokehere.
6.由下列名词或短语引导,或含有某些词的从句中应用的虚拟语气
1)“lest以免、惟恐”引导的从句用“should+动词原形”。
Hetookamapwithhimlesthe(should)losehiswagthere.
2)“whether不管、无论”引导的让步状语从句,有时用动词原形。
Allthings,whetheryouknowordon'tknow,existintheworld.
3)用“wouldrather/hadrather'wouldjustassoon"表示“宁愿、但愿”,后面的宾语从句谓
语用过去式或动词原形表示对将来的要求,用过去时表示对现在的愿望,用过去完成时表示对过去
做的事的懊悔。
Don'tliveintheworld,Iwouldrather(Iwouldjustassoon)youdie.
Iwouldratheryougotomorrow.
Iwouldrathereverythinghadn'thappenedinthepast.
4)用“hadhoped”表示原来希望做到而实际上未能实现的事情,其宾语从句的谓语用“would+动
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词原形”。
dythere,butshesaidshelikedtostay
inChina.
5)在“Itis(high/about)time+that”引导的定语从句中,定语从句的主谓语用一般过去时,偶
尔也可以用would(或should)+动词原形,或hadrather(wouldrather)+动词原形。
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Itishigh(about)timethatweleft/shouldleave/hadbetterleave/hadratherleave/wereleaving.(注意与"Thisis
thefirst/second…time”后从句中用现在完成时的区别。
6)用"without/butfor/intheabseneeof”表示"要不是”,"如果没有"(相当于ifitwere
notfor…)表示条件时,句中一般用虚拟语气。(也可用陈述语气)
Withoutyourhelp,Icouldn'tfinishmyworkontime.
Intheabseneeofwaterandair,nothingcouldlive
7)由"providing(that)/provided(that)/onconditionthat/inorderthat”引导的条件从
句或目的从句,根据情况,可用虚拟语气。(有时也可用陈述语气)
Theyarewillingsurrenderprovidedtheyaregivenfreepassage.
8)在if引导的虚拟条件句中,若有were,had,should,在书面语中可省去if,将were等提到主语前,形成倒
装。
gotothetheatrewithyou.
n'tbesucceed.
例1:Christiestaredangrilyatherbossandturnedaway,asthough________outoftheoffice.
o[答案]
[注释]asthough或asif引导的状语从句中,从句主语和主句主语相同时
咅B分谓语,如:1)Shepaused,asiftoletthepainfulmemoriespass.(
FromtimetotimeJasonturnedroundasthoughsearchingforsomeone.(boy
started,asifawakenedfromsomedream.(省略hewere)由此可见,本题中省略shewanted。
[译文]克里斯蒂愤怒地盯了老板一眼并转过身去,似乎想走出办公室。
例2:rdratheryou_______bytrain,becauseIcan'tbeartheideaofyourbeinginanairplaneinsuchbad
weather.
e
[答案]
[注释]主语+wouldrather后接宾语从句,从句中谓语须用虚拟语气:用一般过去时表示希望现在或将来实
现的行为或状态,用过去完成时表示希望过去实现的行为或状态。本题中原因状语从句用一般
现在时,暗示希望现在或将来发生的行为动作,故选。
[译文]我宁愿你乘火车去,因为我无法想象在如此恶劣的天气你呆在飞机里。
例3:Forthetimely____investmentfromthegeneralpublic,ourcompanywouldnotbeso
thrivingasitis.
itnotbe
[答案]otbeen
[注释]本题测试交错时间的虚拟语气。从句是表示过去时间的虚拟条件,if省略,主语it与助动
词had倒装。虚拟条件句也可写成这样:Ifithadnorbeenforthetimelyinvestmentfromthe
generalpublic。这是重点句型,在各类测试中常考。
[译文]要不是老百姓的及时投资,我们的公司不会像现在这样兴旺。
例4:Themillionsofcalculationsinvolved,hadtheybeendonebyhand,allpracticalvaluebythetimethey
werefinished.
ohavelost
[答案]avelost
[注释]从句是省略if的虚拟条件句,谓语部分倒装,故主句谓语为wouldhave+过去分词。
[译文]所涉及到的数百万次计算,如果用手工操作,到它们完成时已失去全部实用价值。
从句中可省略主语和
省略shewanted)2)
省略hewere)3)The
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例5:Asafetyanalysis___unately,itwasnever
done.
entify
veidentified
[答案]aveidentified
[注释]过去时间的虚拟语气表示过去要做而没有做的事。
[译文]一次安全隐患分析本来会确认这个目标是潜在的危险。不幸的是,这样的分析从未做过。
例6:Inthepastmengenerallypreferredthattheirwives__inthehome.
rking
[答案]
[注释]因为prefer(宁愿)是欲望动词,其后所接的宾语从句中谓语需用(should)+动词原形。
[译文]过去男子一般都愿意他们的妻子在家里工作。
例7:WhenEdisondied,itwasproposedthattheAmericanpeople__allpowerintheir
homes,streets,andfactoriesforseveralminutesinhonorofthisgreatman.
nedoff
[答案]f
[注释]propose是欲望动词,后接的宾语从句或主语从句中谓语要用虚拟语气:should+动词原形或
直接用动词原形。
[译文]爱迪生去世时,有人建议,为纪念这位伟人美国人民应关掉家中、街上和工厂里的全部电源
几分钟。
例8:IapologizeifIyou,butIassureyou___itwasunintentional.
aveoffended
[答案]ended
[注释]本题测试交错时间的虚拟条件句。was暗示,事情发生在过去,所以虚拟条件句中的谓语动
词应该用表示过去时间的虚拟形式。
[译文]假如我曾经冒犯过你,我现在向你道歉,但我向你保证,这不是故意的。
例9:Theboarddeemediturgentthatthesefiles___rightaway.
havebeenprinted
beprinted
[答案]beprinted
[注释]因为urgent是欲望形容词,在句中作形式宾语it的补足语,所以宾语从句中的谓语需用虚拟语气:
(should)+动词原形(主动态或被动态)。
[译文]董事会认为,迫在眉睫的是马上把这些档案印出来。
例10:Thereisarealpossibilitythattheseanimals___couldbefrightened,asudden
avingbeen
[答案]therebe
[注释]shouldtherebe表示虚拟条件句中将来时间的谓语形式,if省略,所以should与there倒
装。
[译文]要是有一声巨响,这些动物会受到惊吓,这是有现实可能性的。
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虚拟语气强化训练
notforthesnowyweather,we__________allright.
2._______morecareful,hisshipwouldnothavesunk.
captainbeen
aptainwouldhavebeen
________metomorrow,Iwouldlethimknow.
nothavebeenable
able
skedyourfather,you_____________permission.
et
5.___________today,hewouldgettherebyFriday.
eaving
aves
6._____Iyou,Iwouldgowithhimtotheparty.
lreceivedsixmorevotesinthelastelection,he____________ourchairman
e
8.___________theEnglishexaminationIwouldhavegonetotheconcertlastSunday
theterriblesituationIamin!IfonlyI___________youradvice
llowed
orsewontoday,it____________thirtyracesinfiveyears.
ewon
sarealpossibilitythattheseanimalscouldbefrightened,_____asudden
loudnoise.
avingbeen
adn'ttakensuchalongtimetogetdressed,we'd_____therebynow.
ling
__________withher.
______toit.
havegone
wouldcertainlyhaveattendedthemeeting,_________________.
dn'lattirehadn'thappened
tirenotflatteneditself
chersuggestedthatherstudents____________experienceswithESP.
ecompositionaboutthe
ttenanycompositionsforhis
ksChineseasfluentlyasifhe____________aChinese.
n
groundthetown,hefeltasthoughhe____________awayforages.
n
suraneeagentswouldratheryou________anythingaboutcollectingclaims
untiltheyinvestigatethesituation.
'''tdo
now.
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portantthattheTOEFLoffice______yourregistration.
nfirm
telectroniccomputers,muchoftoday'sadvaneedtechnology_______.
tbeenachieved
beenachieved
ksChineseasfluentlyasifhe__________aChinese.
n
methatthegovernment___________measurestoprotecttherarebirdsand
animals.
oplearetooparticularaboutschoolrecords,insistingthateveryapplicantalldiplomasfrom
elementaryschooltouniversity.
ve
erybusyyesterday,otherwisehe____tothemeeting.
e
seenthemovie,I____________youallaboutitnow.
avetold
pedthatJohn_________ayearinAfrica,buthestayedthereonlyforthreemonths.
end
'shightimethey___________thisroad.
nd
'sabouttimepeople________noticeofwhatwomendidduringthewar.
ke
'sworkinghardforfearthathe____________.
all
behind
astmengenerallypreferredthattheirwives_____________inthehome.
rking
ildtogiveuphislessmatureideaforamorematureone,itrequiresthat
thechild_____psychologicallyreadyforthenewidea.
e
vicethat___________tillnextweekisreasonable.
ted
ssentialthatweleasebeforetheendofthemonth.
gning
edthatthesickchild_______ahospitalassoonaspossible.
toD.
mustbesentto
kersinthefactorydemandedthattheirpay______be20percent.
rdatthegateinsistedthateverybody_______therules.
bey
estionisthatshe______moreexercise,whichwilldoalotof
goodtoher.
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I_______drivingbefore.
earn
40.______she_________yesterday,shewouldmeetthefamoussingertoday.
,didn','t,'t,leave
高考虚拟语气
1.---Ifhe___,he______thatfood.
---Luckilyhewassenttothehospitalimmediately.
ned…nwarned…wouldnothavetaken
ewarned…avebeenwarned…hadnottaken
'_____________,shewouldhavemetmybrother.
e
encilispartlyinaglassofwater,itlooksasifit____.
nbroken
n'_____inturn,you_____sotired.
…didn'…wouldn'tget
iving•…wouldn'ven•…wouldn'thavegot
ise,she___somethingshe
wouldregretlater.
avesaid
tatedforamomentbeforekickingtheball,otherwisehe___agoal.
avescored
uldhavehappened,____asfarastheriverbank?
houldwalkfarther
alkedfarther
rdformetoimaginewhatIwouldbedoingtodayifI____inlove,attheage
ofseven,withtheMelindaCoxLibraryinmyhometown.
'fall
9.____besenttoworkthere?
ousuggestthatshould
uggestwhomshould
sheveryfamily_______alargehousewithabeautifulgarden!.
11.---Don'tyouthinkitnecessarythathe______toMiamibuttoNewYork?
---Iagree,buttheproblemis________hehasrefusedto.
tbesent;ent;that
notbesent;notsend;what
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虚拟语气强化训练
答案1-20:ABABCDDBCABADACAADDB
21-40:CDBCCACBBACCBACABCCC
高考虚拟语气:
Keys:BDCDDDCBABB