
eat过去分词
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2023年2月15日发(作者:梵高传)罕有动词过来式过来分词的变更法则之五兆芳芳创作
动词过来式和过来分词有法则变更和不法则变更两种.
一、法则变更:
1.一般情况直接加ed,如ask—asked,work—worked
2.以不发音的e结尾,只加d,如love—loved,dance—danced
3.以子音字母加y结尾,把y变成i,再加ed,如try—tried,
study—studied
4.以一个元音字母和一个子音结尾的重读闭音节结尾的动
词(以重读闭音节或r音节结尾而末尾只有一个子音字母),先
双写末尾这个子音字母,再加ed,如stop—stopped,
permit—permitted注:A.以l结尾的动词,尾音节重读时,双写
l,如control—controlled;尾音节不重读时,双不双写都可以,如
travel—traveled(美)/travelled(英).
B.特例:
picnic—picnicked—picnicked(去野
餐),traffic—trafficked—trafficked(买卖,在…通行)另外,还
有良多动词的过来式和过来分词是不合乎上述法则的,需要
熟记.(见后)
C.读音与说明:
①.-ed在清子音音素后发音为[t]:helped,liked,finished,
fetched,stopped,clapped
②.-ed在浊子音和元音后发音为[d]:believed,changed,
planned,preferred,followed,stayed
③.-ed在[t]、[d]后发音为[id]:wanted,needed,admitted,
permitted
二、不法则变更
⒈A---A---A型(现在式、过来式、过来分词同形)
动词原形(现在式)过来式过来分词
costcostcost破费
cutcutcut割,切
hithithit打
letletlet让
putputput放下
readreadread读
hurthurthurt伤
⒉A---A---B型(现在式和过来式同形)
beatbeatbeaten打
⒊A---B---A型(现在式和过来分词同形)
comecamecome来
becomebecamebecome变
runranrun跑
⒋A---B---B型
⑴在动词原形后加一个子音字母d或t组成过来式或过来分
词.
burnburntburnt燃烧
learnlearned/learntlearned/learnt学习
meanmeantmeant意思
hearheardheard听见
⑵把动词原形的最后一个子音字母“d”改成“t”组成过来式或
过来分词.
buildbuiltbuilt修建
lendlentlent借给
loselostlost失去
sendsentsent送
spendspentspent破费
⑶其他
paypaidpaid付
laylaidlaid下蛋
saysaidsaid说
bringbroughtbrought带来
buyboughtbought买
thinkthoughtthought想catchcaughtcaught抓住
teachtaughttaught教
fightfoughtfought战斗
sleepsleptslept睡
keepkeptkept保持
sweepsweptswept扫
standstoodstood站
understandunderstoodunderstood明白
winwonwon得胜
shineshone/shinedshone/shined发光
feelfeltfelt觉得
findfoundfound发明
getgotgot得到
hanghanged/hunghanged/hung绞死,挂
havehadhad有
holdheldheld盛,握
leaveleftleft离开
makemademade制造
meetmetmet遇见
sellsoldsold卖
shootshotshot射击
telltoldtold告知
smellsmelt/smelledsmelt/smelled嗅,闻
sitsatsat坐
digdugdug挖
⒌A---B---C型(现在式、过来式和过来分词都不相同)
⑴在动词原形后加-n或-en组成过来分词.
eatateeaten吃
fallfellfallen落下
stealstolestolen偷
givegavegiven给
freezefrozefrozen冻结
taketooktaken拿
seesawseen看见
writewrotewritten写
rideroderidden骑
drivedrovedriven驾驶
throwthrewthrown抛,扔
blowblewblown吹
growgrewgrown生长
knowknewknown知道
flyflewflown飞
drawdrewdrawn拉,绘画
showshowedshown展示
⑵过来式加-n或-en组成过来分词.
speakspokespoken说话
breakbrokebroken破碎,折断
wakewaked/wokewaked/waken醒
choosechosechosen选择
forgetforgotforgotten忘记
⑶变单词在重读音节中的元音字母“i”辨别为“a”(过来式)
和“u”(过来分词).
beginbeganbegun开始
ringrangrung按铃
singsangsung唱
sinksanksunk沉
swimswamswum游泳
drinkdrankdrunk饮
⑷其他不法则动词的变更.
be(am,is)was/werebeen是
be(are)werebeen是
dodiddone做
gowentgone去
lielaylain躺
wearworeworn穿