2023年12月25日发(作者：)
读后续写微讲座八：关注构思
距离高考还有一段时间，不少有经验的老师都会提醒考生，愈是临近高考，能否咬紧牙关、学会自我调节，态度是否主动积极，安排是否科学合理，能不能保持良好的心态、以饱满的情绪迎接挑战，其效果往往大不一样。以下是本人从事10多年教学经验总结出的以下学习资料，希望可以帮助大家提高答题的正确率，希望对你有所帮助，有志者事竟成！
养成良好的答题习惯，是决定高考英语成败的决定性因素之一。做题前，要认真阅读题目要求、题干和选项，并对答案内容作出合理预测;答题时，切忌跟着感觉走，最好按照题目序号来做，不会的或存在疑问的，要做好标记，要善于发现，找到题目的题眼所在，规范答题，书写工整;答题完毕时，要认真检查，查漏补缺，纠正错误。总之，在最后的复习阶段，学生们不要加大练习量。在这个时候，学生要尽快找到适合自己的答题方式，最重要的是以平常心去面对考试。英语最后的复习要树立信心，考试的时候遇到难题要想“别人也难”，遇到容易的则要想“细心审题”。越到最后，考生越要回归基础，单词最好再梳理一遍，这样有利于提高阅读理解的效率。另附高考复习方法和考前30天冲刺复习方法。
Ⅰ 外刊输入——悟语言之道
Wildlife Teaches Lesson
It was March 9, the day after my 17th birthday, when I met Pigeon on my way
back to my neighbourhood. Being the same as most other afternoons, nothing was
unusual. My friends and I walked down the street, making plans for dinner.
All of a sudden, my attention was caught by what happened across the street. A
bus had run over a pigeon (鸽子), leaving the poor creature struggling to take off.
She reminded me of a toddler who could only move unsteadily, using her wings as
arms to climb toward the edge of the road, but she made no progress. It was, without
doubt, one of the most painful scenes I've ever witnessed.
On a whim (心血来潮), I rushed over to pick her up. The moment my fingers
came into contact with her warm, soft body, something immediately struck me and
flooded my heart like an electric current—the feeling of life and nature.
Observing the pigeon in my hands, I felt her heartbeat, I sensed her breath, and I
received her warmth. Since she couldn't fly, I was aware that it would have been
irresponsible to leave her there. After a moment of hesitation, I wrapped her in my
shirt and brought her back.
I named her Pigeon and decided to give her a health check. Her feet couldn't
stretch and support her body weight effectively. When I gently pulled her claws (爪子), I received no response. Her feet must have been badly hurt by the bus, and the
only thing I intended to do for her was to provide her with a comfortable
environment.
As soon as she was put inside a box I'd found, Pigeon was alarmed and
struggled toward the darkest corner and curled up (蜷缩) in it. I tried to touch her
again, but was rejected by her screaming and the flapping (拍打) of her wings.
My mind was filled with questions at the beginning. How on earth could such a
quiet animal be transformed into something so unfriendly and attached to darkness?
Then I came to realize that it was my fault.
After all, pigeons are wildlife. Nature is their home, the sky is what they long for,
and freedom is their faith. How can I, a human being, be as significant as those things
within just a few hours? To her, I am just another threat.
Many of us often think in a self-centred way, and only when we think about
others, including other species, can we live in harmony with nature. It also takes
time to recover, both physically and mentally, and I hope that Pigeon gets well soon.
1.重点词汇再现
(1)neighbourhood n． 街区
(2)unusual adj.
(3)creature n.
(4)remind vt.
(5)make no progress
(6)immediately adv.
(7)observe v.
(8)aware adj.
(9)effectively adv.
(10)intend v.
(11)alarmed adj.
(12)on earth
(13)threat n.
(14)species n.
(15)harmony n.
(16)recover v.
2．重点句型再现：only倒装句型
不寻常的
生物
使想起
没有进步
立刻
观察
知道；发觉
有效地
打算
惊恐的
究竟；到底
威胁
物种
和谐；融洽
恢复
Only when we think about others, including other species, can we live in
harmony with nature.
只有当我们想到他人，包括其他物种时，我们才能与自然和谐相处。
Ⅱ 迷你语料库(Mini Corpus)
序号 佳句呈现
The air is thin and we have to rest
1 several times on the short hike from
camp.
To our left, snow-covered mountains
2 disappear into clouds that seem almost
close enough to touch.
3
4
On the plain in front of us, we can just
make out a herd of graceful animals.
Watching① them move slowly across
自然场景描写——雪山高耸入云。
自然场景描写——平原上成群的动物。
自然场景描写＋心理描写描写行进过程中的困难。
赏析
the green grass，
I'm struck② by their beauty.
——动物们成群结队地穿过绿色的草地，打动人心。①v.-ing形式watching作状语； ②struck 的原形为strike，表示“打动”。
描写动物的悲惨处境。“are
5
They are being hunted, illegally, for
their valuable fur.
To Zhaxi, the land is sacred and
protecting the wildlife is a way of life.
“We're not trying to save the
being hunted”为现在进行时的被动语态。
描写人对大自然和野生动植物的关爱之情。
描写保护野生动植物的重要性——保护野生动植物就是保护人类自己。
描写政府对保护野生动植物6
7
animals，” he says. “Actually, we're
trying to save ourselves.”
In order to save this species from
①的重视。①in order to do作目的状语；②place为熟词生义，意为“放，置于”。
描写保护野生动植物付出的8 extinction, the Chinese government
placed it under national protection.
②Zhaxi and other volunteers watched
9 over the antelopes day and night to
keep them safe from attacks.
10 The measures were effective.
努力。“watch over”意为“保护；照管”；“to keep them safe
from attacks”作目的状语。
描写措施有效。
续 表
序号 佳句呈现
The government, however, does
not intend to stop the protection
11 programmes, since the threats
to the Tibetan antelope have not
yet disappeared.
12 Much is being done to protect
赏析
描写对野生动植物的关注。“intend”意为“意图，打算”；since 意为“因为”，引导原因状语从句。
描写保护野生动植物的重要
wildlife, but if we really want
to save the planet, we must
change our way of life.
性及方法。much作主语时，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。
描写保护野生动植物的重要Only when we learn to exist in
13
harmony with nature can we
stop being a threat to wildlife
and to our planet.
性及方法。only＋when 引导的时间状语从句放句首，主句用部分倒装。“exist in
harmony”意为“和谐共存”。
表示所有的野生动植物都应When it comes to wildlife
protection， all species—the
14 good, the bad, and the
ugly—should be treated
equally②.
The world needs all
15 kinds—without variety, our
planet cannot survive.
16
In this way a lot of animal
homes are being destroyed！
Is it right to make animals
17
homeless so that humans can
have more paper？
It is hard work, but the young
18 people working at the shelter
think it is worth it.
And if you want to help out, go
19 and volunteer your time and
love.
Ⅲ 读后续写入门篇：关注构思
①该被平等对待。①“when it
comes to”意为“当涉及……”；②“be treated
equally”意为“被平等对待”。
描写动植物多样化的重要性。
描写动植物栖息地遭到了破坏。
反问句，用来表示赞同停止对动植物栖息地的破坏。
描写帮助动物虽然辛苦但是值得。
号召大家乐于奉献。
读后续写要求“语言要模仿；内容要创造”。所以针对这个题型，解题需要分为两个步骤，第一是读：读懂要素和主题、读通情节和感情发展并读精、读深；
第二步就是续写：首先要关注衔接，其次就要关注构思。
现有考查的续写文本为记叙文。基于文本特点，续写内容的丰富性取决于情节的发展。因此，要基于前文的阅读，进行合理的预测，进而发展为续写的内容。但是，不管情节如何一波三折，从开头到结尾，情节的发展一定要紧紧围绕主题进行。情节必须为主题服务，与主题无关的情节就属多余。
所以，可以按照每段三个层次，构思每一段的情节。
基于段首句，延续文章的发展
第一段
预测可能的故事情节
根据第二段段首句，预测第一段的结束
基于段首句，延续文章的发展
故事的结局
第二段
升华：呼应主题——受到教训，得到启发，获得灵感
【典题精析】
阅读下面的材料， 完成以下任务。
Chito Shedden was a simple fisherman and tour guide from Siquirres, Limon
Province, Costa Rica. He had a broad range of interesting facts about nature, which
helped his business quite a bit.
The year was 1989 and Chito was walking along the banks of the Reventazón
River when he happened upon something very strange. There was a dying male
crocodile(鳄鱼). When he stepped up to carefully examine the skinny reptile(爬行动物), he realized it had been shot through the head and then left eyes.
He knew, dangerous as it was, he couldn't leave the poor animal there, alone and
helpless. Chito acted quickly, calling for the help of several brave friends to load the
heavy reptile into his boat. He knew if he could heal it, he would then send it back
into the wild. He named the huge reptile “Pocho”， which means strength and began
to care for him in his own backyard.
The kind and helpful fisherman started to heal Pocho with medicine, food, and
more importantly, lots of care and attention. Chito fed the crocodile a steady diet of
chicken and fish. He bought medicine to prevent infection (感染) and even slept by
his side at night.
Affection was one of the most important factors. Chito gave him kisses and hugs.
He talked to him and petted him.“The crocodile needed my love to regain the will to
live，” he said. In time, Pocho improved enough to return to normal health. It was
time for him to return to his own river in the wild. Chito and his friends loaded the
crocodile back into his boat and set him free in a nearby river. The two parted ways
and Chito returned home alone.
注意：续写词数应为150左右。
Chito awoke the next morning, and walked outside.
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
A closer relationship was formed between Pocho and
Chito._________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
1．通读全文，本文文体为：
Narration记叙文
Argument议论文
Exposition说明文
2．一审——获要素
时态
六要素
When
一般过去时
1989
Siquirres, Limon Province, Costa Rica; along
Where the__banks__of__the__Reventazón__River;__in
his__own__backyard
Who
Chito Shedden—a fisherman and tour__guide and his friend;
a dying__male__crocodile named Pocho
Chito found a__dying__male__crocodile．
The kind and helpful fisherman started to heal Pocho with
What
medicine,__food__and__lots__of__care__and__attention．
Chito and his friends loaded the crocodile back into his boat
and set__him__free in a nearby river.
He knew, dangerous as it was,
Why
How
3.二定——主题
主题：If people treat wild animals with__care__and__attention,__animals will do
the same.
4．三推测——关注衔接，尤其是段首句定基调
(1)续写内容和原文的衔接
原文前两段：
Chito Shedden was a simple fisherman and tour guide from Siquirres, Limon
Province, Costa Rica. He had a broad range of interesting facts about nature, which
helped his business quite a bit.
The year was 1989 and Chito was walking along the banks of the Reventazón
River when he happened upon something very strange. There was a dying male
crocodile(鳄鱼). When he stepped up to carefully examine the skinny reptile (爬行动物), he realized it had been shot through the head and then left eyes.
可知，续写的内容应该集中于 Chito 和鳄鱼之间的互动。
(2)续写第一段和段首句的衔接
首先标出第一段段首句的关键词。
Chito awoke the__next__morning,__and walked outside．
说明这是Chito 把Pocho放回野外之后，在外面发生的事情。
he__couldn't__leave__the__poor__animal__there,__alone__and__helpless.
A closer relationship was formed between Pocho and Chito.
(3)续写第一段段末和第二段段首句的衔接
首先标出第二段段首句的关键词。
A closer relationship was formed between__Pocho__and__Chito．
根据“closer”可知，Chito 和Pocho的关系更亲密了。这提示了下文，即Chito
和Pocho有更多的亲密互动。
(4)续写第二段和段首句的衔接
根据第二段段首句可知，Chito 和Pocho重新团聚。而且这种团聚源于Pocho
对Chito的爱。
5．四构思——每段三分天下
按照每段三个层次，构思每一段的情节。
Chito看到了Pocho回来了
第一段
Pocho愿意和Chito生活在一起
一人一鳄的生活很融洽
描写一人一鳄的融洽生活
第二段
一人一鳄都从这种相处中受益
升华：人类如果关爱野生动物，野生动物也会关爱人类
高考质量提升是一项系统工程，涉及到多个方面、各个维度，关键是要抓住重点、以点带面、全面突破，收到事半功倍的效果。
一、备考策略务必精准
高三备考的不同阶段，目标和任务各不相同，就像打仗一样，攻克不同的山头有不同的打法，只有抓住要领，才能打赢主动仗。一是细化“作战地图”。从现在到一模考试前，主要任务是过课本、串教材，把基础知识再夯实，为专题复
习奠定坚实基础。各学科组教师要认真学习新课程、新课标、《中国考试评价体系及说明》和近三年高考原题，把高考考点和试题变化点做成“作战地图”，平时考试、练习要对照“作战地图”进行选题，并在“作战地图”上一一标注，确保考点训练无死角、考点覆盖无遗漏。二是组织集体攻坚。发挥学科组集体备考的优势，学科组内任务分解、责任到人，每次考试变式训练的预测由组长把关。学科组坚持“一课一研”、“一考一研”，新老教师步调一致，节奏有序，充分发挥分工协作的集体教研智慧。三是找准学科增分点。认真研究本省、本市、本校近年来的高考数据，细化到每一个知识点的得失分情况，找准突破点和增分点，有目的进行专项训练和突破提升。英语的阅读理解和小作文、语文的古文分析和作文、理科的做题速度、文科的答题思路等，都要制定详细的训练方案和突破的方法策略，在实践中调整提升，打破制约瓶颈，找到质量提升的突破口。
二、课堂教学务必高效。课堂是教育教学是主阵地。高三年级教学时间紧，教学任务重，更要切实发挥课堂40分钟的作用。一是上好微专题课。春节前后，一轮复习进入后期，学生不会的知识点逐步浮出水面。这些薄弱知识点如果解决不好，将直接影响到二轮复习的效果。高三年级要围绕浮现出来的问题，上好微专题或微微专题课，针对某一个点或几个点精讲、讲透，触类旁通。微专题课怎么上？可以针对学生不会的问题，每节课重点解决1-2个知识点，专题强调，专点训练，不贪多，顺一个点“追祖宗八代”，剖析透!微微专题，则更精、更准、更小、更有效，可以一节课只讲一道题，但是要把这一道题挖深、挖透，讲透一个会一类，做会一题能举一反三。二是上好试卷讲评课。试卷讲评课是高三的主打课型，必须切实收到实效。首先，要精确掌握考情。考试不过夜，打铁要趁热，每次考试以后，要对班级考试情况了如指掌，充分了解易错点、易考点，这样讲评时，才能有所侧重，才能有针对性地攻克重难点。其次，要规范讲评流程。针
对错误率高或重点考察的试题，教师引导出方法思路；再由学生个人进行自评自纠，小组讨论展示，找出得分原因和失分原因，真正弄清楚解题思路。师生合作再对解题思路进行再归纳总结，写到纸上记录下来，强化验证结果。三是克服“漏斗思维”。所谓“漏斗思维”，就是：今天正在学，突然有事不继续了，明天已经忘记一大部分，后天想起来，继续学，但是忘记的一大部分似乎又需要重新开始，周而复始，积累数月，结果是仅仅只有一点点的内容，而且是在同一个地方循环往复。对于常错、常考的知识点，要经常复习，要不就如同漏斗一样慢慢溜掉。尤其是对于已经进行过的专题训练、变式训练，不能认为进行过一次、两次就万事大吉，要每隔2周进行“回头看”，把学生的易错题重新编辑，归类整理后附上分析讲解印发给学生，克服漏斗思维，反复夯实专题训练的知识点。
三、学生训练务必得法。教师的教学能力最终要转化为学生的学习能力，对高三学生而言，就是要通过训练转化为学生的答题能力。一是严格限时训练。限时训练就是让学生在规定时间内做完训练题目，既训练速度，又锻炼准确度。限时训练可短可长，可以是课前十分钟，可以是一节课，但必须坚决做到即练即评，长期坚持，通过教师评阅提升学生答题速度和效度，做到日日清，周周清，月月清，适应高考临场答题要求。二是严格规范答题。要认真研究高考原题和高考答案，根据学生的答题情况认真进行比对。要把学生在考试时的原生态答卷原汁原味地展示出来，再让学生自己对照答案进行打分、评价，找出与标准答案的差距，小组内相互交流、讨论，制定答题标准模板，保证将来一分不丢。三是突出变式训练。对于临界生的典型错题或遗漏知识点，要进行变式训练，一题多变进行训练，把错题作为“母题”，至少进行一题五变以上，让学生写出每道题的解题思路，最后总结出此类变式的特点和解题入手点。教师必须要把变式训练当做作业认真批改，带领学生共同验证解题思路，形成答题的基本思路。四是落实“作业
自助餐”。对学生要进行分类指导，不能一刀切，尤其是对于清北临界生和一本临界生，学校应高度重视临界生转化工作。要把握好临界生的学科短板，制定好辅导、转化和提升的具体措施，要实行面批面改，落实“作业自助餐”。针对不同的高频错题，由教师分别独立设置变式训练题，也就是A错题出至少5道变式训练，独立印刷；B错题再出5道变式训练，独立印刷；C错题也出5道变式训练，独立印刷；学生可以根据自己的错题，自主领取对应的变式训练题，通过针对性训练补齐学科或知识短板，提升整体备考效益。五是强化精神激励。高三学生学习任务重，压力大，师生缺乏必要交流，学生容易出现心理焦虑、缺乏归属感等心理问题。为此，要对高三年级学生多鼓励，多表扬。大人总想听好听话，学生也是如此，越是鼓励越有劲，因老师的一句话、一个眼神而改变一生命运的事例不胜枚举。教师要不吝赞美，从情绪上、从情感上调动学生学习积极性。
高考前30天冲刺复习方法：
英语
一、英语听力：要坚持每天听1、调整并保持听力状态很重要。建议考前，考生要保持每天20分钟的听力练习量。
2、真题最好反复演练。最后的30天，主要应该听去年各省市的高考听力试题和仿真度比较高的今年各市一模、二模试题。
3、听写训练。做一些真题的听写训练。基本方法，先整体听一遍，然后听一句写一句，坚持听写完为止，然后再对照原文，检查自己错在哪里。另外值得一提的是，在正式考试中，做完所有听力20道选择题后，一般来说，没有百分之百的把握，不要轻易改动第一次做好的答案。据统计，第一次选择往往比改动后的选择更可靠。
二、词汇语法：坚持每天复习一部分
在单项选择题上，适当做题是必要的，但不要采用题海战术。匀些时间看以前的听课笔记、讲义、以前做错的题目(错题集)也是复习该题型很好的方法。尤其要把做过的一些题，特别是错题，反复地看，同时简单的题要总结规律，难题记死记牢即可。要重视语境题、时态题、动词短语相关的单选题。关于语法，最近几年的高考在淡化语法，但并不是完全不考，而是以交际的方式考查，所以复习语法专题的同时要注意交际方面的问题，要特别注意从语境和语意中来解决语法问题。语法重点要掌握时态、非谓语动词以及定语从句三大块的内容。
三、完形填空：每天要保证做一篇1、培养语感。如何来培养语感呢？这里给同学们提一个成功学生使用过的、正确提高语感的方法：把去年的所有完形填空题正确答案填上，然后大声朗读，不要求背诵但是至少要能做到熟练朗读。在朗读中，慢慢领悟。
2、坚持训练。每天要保证做一篇，这是量上的一个要求。还要把做错的做出标记，重点记忆。应重视文章的整体性和逻辑性。完形填空的过程就是由已知信息推出未知信息的过程。
四、阅读理解：重中之重
阅读理解是高考的重头戏，提高成绩，阅读理解是关键。考试临近也要坚持阅读。与其陷入题海，不如抽出20-30分钟阅读英文篇章。
1、阅读训练不停歇。在冲刺阶段，应多进行一些限时训练，通常每五篇阅读材料作为一组，在35到40分钟里完成。这样既可以保证考场上充沛的阅读精力和体力，又可以营造考试的氛围，还提高了阅读速度。
2、阅读文章要复习。提倡在复习阅读的过程中对三点进行注意：单词、语法点以及复杂句。平时的阅读复习，在做完题目后要坚持每天读过几篇后，认真分析1-2篇。
3、把过去老出现错误的归纳一下，看哪类题自己容易错，重点对付该类题。需要注意的是读文章应力求题材多样化，科普、社会、文化、政治、经济等，但如果生词太多，影响理解或过于难懂的文章，则不应花更多的时间。
五、对话填空，认真练习应该比短文改错更容易拿分
对话填空要填写的十个单词本身不会太难拼写，不会超过2000单词表，所以虽然是新题型也不必恐惧。其实质上也是一种完形填空题，解题关键是要对所给的对话有一个整体把握，通读全篇对话，弄清谈话的语境及内容。
六、作文：考前至少精练10篇
重点背一些连词和英语固定表达的句型，以及常用的短语和有特点的动词词组。在写作的时候可以采用一些写作的套路。每次写作前问自己四个问题：这篇文章的体裁格式是怎样的？主体时态用什么时态？人称用第几人称？可以分几段，之间用什么过渡词、连接词？带着这四个问题去审题，搞清楚文章的主要内容，然后列出提纲。最后丰富自己的提纲就可以了。
