英文读书笔记
规则的名言-招聘会心得
2023年3月20日发(作者：东南亚风格)Planningtofail:AnAnalysisonEconomic
PlanningFailureinDevelopingCountries
ABSTRACT
Economicplanningisatermusedtodescribethelongterm
plansofanincumbentgovernmenttomanagetheeconomy、
Planningisdefinedasconceiving,initiating,regulatingand
controllingeconomicactivitybythestateaccordingtoset
prioritieswithaviewtoachievingwelldefinedobjectiveswithin
agiventime、Theprovisionofaregulatoryregimethat
promotesratherthanconstrainseconomicgrowthisan
importantpartofgoodgovernance、Theabilityofthestateto
provideeffectiveregulatorycanbeexpectedtobeadeterminant
ofhowwellmarketsandtheeconomyperform、Themost
importantprerequisiteofeconomicdevelopmentistheaspiring
nation'saccesstothediscoveriesofmodernscienceand
innovatorstoadaptthesediscoveriestotheneedsof
marketplace、Thispaperisrichinissuesthatrelatestoavoiding
failureofeconomicplans、Thepapertargetsdevelopingnations,
astheyhavefewerresourcestofundfailure、Thepaper
concludesbyemphasizingonmonitoringofgovernmentplans
fordesirableresults、
INTRODUCTION
Thisterm,Ihavereadaneconomicarticle:PlanningtoFail:
AnAnalysisonEconomicPlanningFailureinDeveloping
Countries、Thispaperwasdevelopedontheoriginalarticle(A
GlimpseonEconomicPlanningFailure)submittedtothe
ZimbabweEconomicSociety,andpublishedontheFinancial
Gazzetteon4Dec2009、
TheauthorisWellingtonGarikaiBongawhoisaregular
researcheronDevelopment&SocialIssues,FinancialMarkets,
MonetaryEconomicsandTaxation、TheauthorholdsaPhD
Economics(AIU),MBA(ZOU),MScEconomics(UZ)andBSc
(Hons)Economics(UZ)、Heiseagertolearnnewthingsand
developabilitytoconductqualityresearchinamultiple
discipline、Anumberofhisarticlesisaboutsocial
economic,suchasApplicabilityofKeynesianIdeologyinthe
Zimbabwe'sEconomicGrowthPath,AprehensiveAnalysisof
InteractionbetweenLawandEconomics、
Thearticleinmainlyabouteconomicplanning、Thereare
7partsofthearticlewhichincludeIntroduction,Development
ofplans,Essentialsofeconomicplanning,Assessingeconomic
plans,Whyeconomicplansfail,Waystoavoidfailureof
economicplans,Conclusionbesidestheabstractandreferences、
Inthebeginning,Variousgovernmentsundertakeeconomic
plansbutsurprisingly,someplansarenotfollowedorsomething
thatisnotontheplanhappensorthereisfailuretofollowthe
plan、Withtimegoesby,peoplerealizethathowtomakinga
economicplan、AccordingtoProfessorDickinson,economic
planningisthemakingofmajoreconomicdecisionsbya
determinateauthorityonthebasisofaprehensivesurveyofthe
economyasawhole、
Then,Theprocessofeconomicplans’development、Since
theendofWorldWarII,ithasbeeanacceptedpracticeamong
thegovernmentsofthedevelopingcountriestopublishtheir
“developmentplans、”Firstandforemost,peoplehavetoknow
howeconomicplansaredeveloped、Theaimistoselectaperiod
longenoughtoincludeprojectsspanninganumberofbudget
yearsbutnotsolongastodelayperiodicassessmentofthe
developmenteffortstretchingoveraseriesofplans、Butissues
thathavebeenraisedbycitizenstodayareincorporatedin
tomorrow’splans、AccordingtoUkertor(2012),theultimate
aimofgovernmentsworldwideistoachievesustainable
improvementinthequalityoflifeofitscitizenry、Hence,
countriesnomattertheirsizeordevelopmentalstatusstriveto
achievesomelevelofconsistencyindevelopmentplanningand
goodgovernance、However,Ukertor(2012)insistedthat
achievingthegoalsofgovernancerequiresthatdeliberateplan
ofactionbesetouttoguidegovernmentthroughoutthe
process、
Policiesareproductsofplanning、AccordingtoArthur
Lewis,adevelopmentplanmayconsistofthefollowingparts:
•Surveyofcurrenteconomicconditions
•Listofproposedpublicexpenditures
•Discussionoflikelydevelopmentinprivatesector
•Macroeconomicprojectionsoftheeconomy
•Reviewofgovernmentpolicies、
Assessingeconomicplansaftertheyhadbeendone,
Measuringperformanceintheprivatesectorisstraightforward、
Economicplanningisdonejusttoofferasastandardof
measuringefficiency、
Wehavetoconsideraquestionwhyeconomicfail,there
aresomereasonscausedthefailure:poortiming,poor
implementationofinstruments,naturaldisasterandlackof
information,politicalinfluence、
Howtoavoidfailureofeconomicplansisabigchallenge
formakers、
Consultationiscrucialintheplanningprocess、However,
havingawidecoverageofconsultationintheplanningprocess
willnotnecessarilyresultinhavingabettereconomicoute,
whentheneededframeworkssuchasinstitutionalqualityare
notincongruence、Whentheplanningprocessinvolveslow
consultationandweakinstitutions,therewillbe‘shallow’
planningwithitsresultanteffect:pooreconomicoutes、
Thereforeinthiscase,minimalcoverageandlowconsultationin
theplanningprocesswillnotbeadequatetosupportdesired
outes、Thismayalsoworsenedbyweakinstitutions、
CONCLUSION
Inconclusion,economicplanningcanbesuccessfulif
appropriateeconomicmodelsareused,ifeconomicdecisions
aremadebyeconomistsandnotpoliticiansorthrougheffective
consultation,ifthereisincreasedcooperationbetweenvarious
economicagents,ifcredibilityisrestored,mitmentisimproved
(drawingfromtheOttawamitmentof2002)andwhendecision
lagsareminimised、Evaluationandmonitoringareponentsofa
goodplanningmodel,whichinvolvesparingthedesired
expectationwiththeactual、
Oneofreadersaskedtheauthorwhatarethemaincausesof
economicplanningfailure?Theresponseis,manypoliciesare
failing,yetbetterresultsareeagerlywaitedfromthem、
Inmyopinion,thearticlehaveitsownpolicyimplication,
outsideandinsidesignificance,whichhadfiguredoutthekeyof
economicplanningandtheexperienceofeconomicplanning
failure、Fromthearticle,notonlydidIlearnEnglish,butalso
macroeconomics、