历年考研英语真题

历年考研英语真题

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2013年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题1

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2013年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题

SectionⅠUseofEnglish

Directions:thebestword(s)foreachnumbered

blankandmarkA,B,CorDonANSWERSHEET1.(10points)

Peopleare,onthewhole,pooratconsideringbackgroundinformationwhen

tglancethismightseemlikeastrengththat1the

onsohn

speculatedthataninabilitytoconsiderthebig3wasleadingdecision-makerstobe

biasedbythedailysamplesofinformationtheywereworkingwith.4,hetheorised

thatajudge5ofappearingtoosoft6crimemightbemorelikelytosendsomeoneto

prison7hehadalreadysentencedfiveorsixotherdefendantsonlytoprobationon

thatday.

To8thisidea,ry,the9of

anapplicantshouldnotdependonthefewothers10randomlyforinterviewduring

thesameday,butDrSimonsohnsuspectedthetruthwas11.

Hestudiedtheresultsof9,323MBAinterviews,12by31admissionsofficers.

ale14numerous

reswere15usedinconjunctionwithan

applicant'sscoreontheGraduateManagementAdmissionTest,orGMAT,a

standardisedexamwhichis16outof800points,tomakeadecisiononwhetherto

accepthimorher.

DrSimonsohnfoundifthescoreofthepreviouscandidateinadailyseriesof

intervieweeswas0.75pointsormorehigherthanthatoftheone17that,thenthe

ght

soundsmall,butto19theeffectsofsuchadecreaseacandidatewouldneed30more

GMATpointsthanwouldotherwisehavebeen20.

1.[A]grant[B]submits[C]transmits[D]delivers

2.[A]minor[B]objective[C]crucial[D]external

3.[A]issue[B]vision[C]picture[D]moment

4.[A]Forexample[B]Onaverage[C]Inprinciple[D]Aboveall

5.[A]fond[B]fearful[C]capable[D]thoughtless

6.[A]in[B]on[C]to[D]for

7.[A]if[B]until[C]though[D]unless

8.[A]promote[B]emphasize[C]share[D]test

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9.[A]decision[B]quality[C]status[D]success

10.[A]chosen[B]stupid[C]found[D]identified

11.[A]exceptional[B]defensible[C]replaceable[D]otherwise

12.[A]inspired[B]expressed[C]conducted[D]secured

13.[A]assigned[B]rated[C]matched[D]arranged

14.[A]put[B]got[C]gave[D]took

15.[A]instead[B]then[C]ever[D]rather

16.[A]selected[B]passed[C]marked[D]introduced

17.[A]before[B]after[C]above[D]below

18.[A]jump[B]float[C]drop[D]fluctuate

19.[A]achieve[B]undo[C]maintain[D]disregard

20.[A]promising[B]possible[C]necessary[D]helpful

SectionⅡReadingComprehension

PartA

Directions：thequestionsaftereachtext

bychoosingA,B,uranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(40points)

PartB

Directions:

Inthefollowingarticle,stions

41-45,choosethemostsuitableonefromthelistA-Gtofitintoeachofthe

retwoextrachoices,whichdonotfitinanyofthegaps.

MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(10points)

2005,therewerealmosthalfamillion

professionalsocialscientistsfromallfieldsintheworld,workingbothinsideand

ingtotheWorldSocialScienceReport2010,thenumberof

social-sciencestudentsworldwidehasswollenbyabout11%everyyearsince2000.

Yetthisenormousresourceinnotcontributingenoughtotoday’sglobal

challengesincludingclimatechange,security,sustainabledevelopmentand

health.(41)______Humanityhasthenecessaryagro-technologicaltoolstoeradicate

hunger,,too,the

problemsaresocial:theorganizationanddistributionoffood,wealthandprosperity.

(42)____Thisisashame—thecommunityshouldbegraspingtheopportunityto

phrasethegreatsocialscientistJoseph

Schumpeter:thereisnoradicalinnovationwithoutcreativedestruction.

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Today,thesocialsciencesarelargelyfocusedondisciplinaryproblemsandinternal

scholarlydebates,ratherthanontopicswithexternalimpact.

Analysesrevealthatthenumberofpapersincludingthekeywords

“environmentalchanged”or“climatechange”haveincreasedrapidlysince

2004,(43)____

Whensocialscientistsdotacklepracticalissues,theirscopeisoften

local:BelgiumisinterestedmainlyintheeffectsofpovertyonBelgiumfor

therthecommunity’sworkcontributesmuchtoanoverall

accumulationofknowledgeisdoubtful.

Theproblemisnotnecessarilytheamountofavailablefunding(44)____thisis

scientistswho

complainaboutalackoffundingshouldnotexpectmoreintoday’seconomic

climate.

opeanUnionFramework

fundingprogramshavelonghadacategoryspecificallytargetedatsocial

ar,itwasproposedthatsystembechanged:Horizon2020,anew

programtobeenactedin2014,wouldnothavesuchacategory,Thishasresultedin

intentionisnottoneglectsocialscience;

rather,thecompleteopposite.(45)____Thatshouldcreatemorecollaborative

endeavorsandhelptodevelopprojectsaimeddirectlyatsolvingglobalproblems.

[A]Itcouldbethatweareevolvingtwocommunitiesofsocial

scientists:onethatisdiscipline-orientedandpublishinginhighly

specializedjournals,andonethatisproblem-orientedandpublishing

elsewhere,suchaspolicybriefs.

[B]However,thenumbersarestillsmall:in2010,about1,600ofthe

100,000social-sciencespaperspublishedgloballyincludedoneofthese

Keywords.

[C]theideaistoforcesocialtointegratetheirworkwithothercategories,

includinghealthanddemographicchangefoodsecurity,marineresearchandthe

bio-economy,clear,efficientenergy;andinclusive,innovativeandsecuresocieties.

[D]thesolutionistochangethemindsetoftheacademiccommunity,andwhat

challengesandsocialinnovationoughtto

receivemuchmoreattentionfromscientists,especiallytheyoungones.

[E]uirebehavioral

changeandsocialinnovations,ng

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climatechange,forexample,isasmuchaboutchangingconsumptionpatternsand

promotingtaxacceptanceasitisaboutdevelopingcleanenergy.

[F]Despitethesefactors,manysocialscientistsseemreluctanttotacklesuch

urope,someareupinarmsoveraproposaltodropaspecific

fundingcategoryforsocial-scienceresearchandtointegrateitwithincross-cutting

topicsofsustainabledevelopment.

[G]Duringthelate1990s,nationalspendingonsocialsciencesandthe

humanitiesasapercentageofallresearchanddevelopmentfunds-including

government,highereducation,non-profitandcorporate-variedfromaround4%to

25%;inmostEuropeannations,itisabout15%.

PartB:(10points)

SectionIIITranslation

ions:our

translationonANSWERSHEET2.(10points)

Directions:

Readthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegments

anslationshouldbewrittenclearlyonANSWERSHEET2.(10

points)

Itisspeculatedthatgardensarisefromabasicneedintheindividualswho

madethem:snodoubtthatgardensevidence

animpossibleurgetocreate,express,fashion,andbeautifyandthatself-expression

isabasichumanurge;(46)Yetwhenonelooksatthephotographsofthegarden

createdbythehomeless,itstrikesonethat,foralltheirdiversityofstyles,these

gardensspeakosvariousotherfundamentalurges,beyondthatofdecorationand

creativeexpression.

Oneoftheseurgeshadtodowithcreatingastateofpeaceinthemidstof

turbulence,a“stillpointoftheturningworld,”.

(47)Asacredplaceofpeace,howevercrudeitmaybe,isadistinctlyhumanneed,as

opposedtoshelter,stinctionissomuchso

thatwherethelatterislacking,asitisfortheseunlikelygardens,thefoemer

ureisastateofmindmadepossiblebythe

structuringofone’srelationtoone’senvironment.(48)Thegardensofthehomeless

whichareineffecthomelessgardensintroducefromintoanurbanenvironment

whereiteitherdidn’ingtheygive

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composuretoasegmentoftheinarticulateenvironmentinwhichtheytaketheir

stand.

Anotherurgeorneedthatthesegardensappeartorespondto,ortoarisefromis

aredeprivedofgreen,ofplants,oftrees,(49)mostofusgiveintoademoralizationof

spiritwhichweusuallyblameonsomepsychologicalconditions,untilonedaywe

ofthe

homelessgardensofNewYorkCitytheactualcultivationofplantsisunfeasible,yet

evensothecompositionsoftenseemtorepresentattemptstocallarrangementof

materials,aninstitutionofcolors,smallpoolofwater,andafrequentpresenceof

layherearevariousfantasy

elementswhosereference,atsomebasiclevel,seemstobethenaturalworld.(50)It

isthisimplicitorexplicitreferencetonaturethatfullyjustifiestheuseofword

gardenthoughina“liberated”sense,

themwecanseebiophilia-ayearningforcontactwithnonhumanlife-assuming

uncannyrepresentationalforms.

SectionIIIWriting

PartyA

51Directions:

Writeane-mailofabout100wordstoaforeignteacherinyourcollegeinviting

him/hertobeajudgefortheupcomingEnglishspeechcontest.

Youshouldincludethedetailsyouthinknecessary.

YoushouldwriteneatlyontheANSWERSHEET.

“LiMing”instead.

Donotwritetheaddress.(10points)

PartB:(20points)

PartB

52Directions:

Writeanessayofabout160–

youressay,youshould

(1)describethedrawingbriefly,

(2)interpretitsintendedmeaning,and

(3)giveyourcomments.

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YoushouldwriteneatlyontheANSWERSHEET.(20points)

2013年考研英语真题答案

2013年考研英语真题答案7

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2012年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题8

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2012年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题

SectionIUseofEnglish

Directions:

thebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankand

markA,B,CorDonANSWERSHEET1.(10points)

TheethicaljudgmentsoftheSupremeCourtjusticeshavebecomeanimportant

rtcannot_1_itslegitimacyasguardianoftheruleoflaw_2_

,inseveralinstances,justicesactedinwaysthat

_3_thecourt’sreputationforbeingindependentandimpartial.

JusticeAntoninScalia,forexample,ndof

activitymakesitlesslikelythatthecourt’sdecisionswillbe_4_asimpartial

theproblemisthatthejusticesarenot_5_

theveryleast,thecourtshouldmakeitself_6_tothecodeofconductthat_7_tothe

restofthefederaljudiciary.

Thisandothersimilarcases_8_thequestionofwhetherthereisstilla_9_between

thecourtandpolitics.

TheframersoftheConstitutionenvisionedlaw_10_havingauthorityapartfrom

vejusticespermanentpositions_11_theywouldbefreeto_12_

thoseinpowerandhavenoneedto_13_alsystemwas

designedtosetlawapartfrompoliticspreciselybecausetheyaresoclosely_14_.

Constitutionallawispoliticalbecauseitresultsfromchoicesrootedin

fundamentalsocial_15_ecourtdealswithsocial

policydecisions,thelawit_16_isinescapablypolitical-whichiswhydecisionssplit

alongideologicallinesaresoeasily_17_asunjust.

Thejusticesmust_18_doubtsaboutthecourt’slegitimacybymakingthemselves

_19_uldmakerulingsmorelikelytobeseenas

separatefrompoliticsand,_20_,convincingaslaw.

1.[A]emphasize[B]maintain[C]modify[D]recognize

2.[A]when[B]lest[C]before[D]unless

3.[A]restored[B]weakened[C]established[D]eliminated

4.[A]challenged[B]compromised[C]suspected[D]accepted

5.[A]advanced[B]caught[C]bound[D]founded

6.[A]resistant[B]subject[C]immune[D]prone

7.[A]resorts[B]sticks[C]loads[D]applies

8.[A]evade[B]raise[C]deny[D]settle

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9.[A]line[B]barrier[C]similarity[D]conflict

10.[A]by[B]as[C]though[D]towards

11.[A]so[B]since[C]provided[D]though

12.[A]serve[B]satisfy[C]upset[D]replace

13.[A]confirm[B]express[C]cultivate[D]offer

14.[A]guarded[B]followed[C]studied[D]tied

15.[A]concepts[B]theories[C]divisions[D]conceptions

16.[A]excludes[B]questions[C]shapes[D]controls

17.[A]dismissed[B]released[C]ranked[D]distorted

18.[A]suppress[B]exploit[C]address[D]ignore

19.[A]accessible[B]amiable[C]agreeable[D]accountable

20.[A]byall

mesns

[B]atallcosts[C]inaword[D]asaresult

SectionIIReadingComprehension

PartA

Directions:

thequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,

B,uranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(40points)

PartB

Directions:

Inthefollowingtext,stions41-45,

choosethemostsuitableonefromthelistA-Gtofitintoeachofthenumbered

retwoextrachoices,ur

answersonANSWERSHEET1.(10points)

Thinkofthosefleetingmomentswhenyoulookoutofanaeroplanewindowand

realisethatyouareflying,nkofyourlaptop,thinnerthan

abrown-paperenvelope,oment

theluckyinheritorofadreamcometrue.

Thesecondhalfofthe20thcenturysawacollectionofgeniuses,warriors,

entrepreneursandvisionarieslabourtocreateafabulousmachinethatcouldfunction

asatypewriterandprintingpress,studioandtheatre,paintbrushandgallery,piano

andradio,themailaswellasthemailcarrier.(41)

Thenetworkedcomputerisanamazingdevice,thefirstmediamachinethatserves

asthemodeofproduction,meansofdistribution,siteofreception,andplaceof

2012年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题10

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puteristhe21stcentury'sculturemachine.

Butforallthereasonstherearetocelebratethecomputer,wemustalsotreadwith

caution.(42),mostpeopledonotrealise

thattherearestrongcommercialagendasatworktokeeptheminpassive

,themajorityofpeoplewhousenetworkedcomputersto

uploadarenotevenawareofthesignificanceofwhattheyaredoing.

Allanimalsdownload,sbuilddamsandbirdsmake

themostpart,theanimalkingdommovesthroughtheworld

areuniqueintheircapacitytonotonlymaketoolsbutthen

turnaroundandusethemtocreatesuperfluousmaterialgoods-paintings,sculpture

andarchitecture-andsuperfluousexperiences-music,literature,religionand

philosophy.(43)

Forallthepossibilitiesofournewculturemachines,mostpeoplearestillstuckin

tertheadventofwidespreadsocialmedia,apyramidof

productionremains,withasmallnumberofpeopleuploadingmaterial,aslightly

largergroupcommentingonormodifyingthatcontent,andahugepercentage

remainingcontenttojustconsume.(44)

desttaskthat

televisionasksofanyoneistoturnthepoweroffafterhehasturnediton.

(45)

Whatcountsasmeaningfuluploading?Mydefinitionrevolvesaroundtheconcept

of"stickiness"-creationsandexperiencestowhichothersadhere.

[A]Ofcourse,itispreciselythesesuperfluousthingsthatdefinehumanculture

adingandconsumingculturerequires

greatskills,butfailingtomovebeyonddownloadingistostriponeselfofadefining

constituentofhumanity.

[B],whichallowuserstocombinepictures,words

andothermediaincreativewaysandthensharethem,havethepotentialtoadd

stickinessbyamusing,entertainingandenlighteningothers.

[C]Notonlydidtheydevelopsuchadevicebutbytheturnofthemillennium

theyhadalsomanagedtoembeditinaworldwidesystemaccessedbybillionsof

peopleeveryday.

[D]Thisisbecausethenetworkedcomputerhassparkedasecretwarbetween

downloadinganduploading-betweenpassiveconsumptionandactivecreation-

whoseoutcomewillshapeourcollectivefutureinwayswecanonlybeginto

imagine.

[E]Thechallengethecomputermountstotelevisionthusbearslittlesimilarityto

2012年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题11

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oneformatbeingreplacedbyanotherinthemannerofrecordplayersbeingreplaced

byCDplayers.

[F]Onereasonforthepersistenceofthispyramidofproductionisthatforthepast

half-century,muchoftheworld'smediaculturehasbeendefinedbyasinglemedium

-television-andtelevisionisdefinedbydownloading.

[G]Thenetworkedcomputeroffersthefirstchancein50yearstoreversetheflow,

toencouragethoughtfuldownloadingand,evenmoreimportantly,meaningful

uploading.

PartC

Directions:

Readthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsinto

anslationshouldbewrittenclearlyonANSWERSHEET2.(10

points)

SincethedaysofAristotle,asearchforuniversalprincipleshascharacterizedthe

ways,thisquestforcommonalitiesdefinesscience.

Newton’slawsofmotionandDarwinianevolutioneachbindahostofdifferent

phenomenaintoasingleexplicatoryframework.

(46)Inphysics,oneapproachtakesthisimpulseforunificationtoitsextreme,and

seeksatheoryofeverything—

becominglessclear,however,thatsuchatheorywouldbeasimplification,giventhe

dimensionsanduniversesthatitmightentail,nonetheless,unificationofsortsremains

amajorgoal.

Thistendencyinthenaturalscienceshaslongbeenevidentinthesocialsciencestoo.

(47)Here,Darwinismseemstoofferjustificationforitallhumanssharecommon

originsitseemsreasonabletosupposethatculturaldiversitycouldalsobetracedto

thebewilderingvarietyofhumancourtship

ritualsmightallbeconsideredformsofsexualselection,perhapstheworld’s

languages,music,socialandreligiouscustomsandevenhistoryaregovernedby

universalfeatures.(48)Tofilteroutwhatisuniquefromwhatissharedmightenableus

tounderstandhowcomplexculturalbehavioraroseandwhatguidesitinevolutionary

orcognitiveterms.

That,atleast,mparativestudyoflinguistictraitspublished

lGrayattheUniversityofAucklandand

hiscolleaguesconsidertheevolutionofgrammarsinthelightoftwopreviousattempts

tofinduniversalityinlanguage.

ThemostfamousoftheseeffortswasinitiatedbyNoamChomsky,whosuggested

thathumansarebornwithaninnatelanguage—acquisitioncapacitythatdictatesa

nerativerulesarethensufficienttounfoldtheentire

fundamentalstructureofalanguage,whichiswhychildrencanlearnitsoquickly.

(49)Thesecond,byJoshuaGreenberg,takesamoreempiricalapproachto

universalityidentifyingtraits(particularlyinwordorder)sharedbymanylanguage

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whichareconsideredtorepresentbiasesthatresultfromcognitiveconstraints

Grayandhiscolleagueshaveputthemtothetestbyexaminingfourfamilytrees

thatbetweenthemrepresentmorethan2,000languages.(50)Chomsky’sgrammar

shouldshowpatternsoflanguagechangethatareindependentofthefamilytreeorthe

sGreenbergianuniversalitypredictsstrong

rofthese

patternsisborneoutbytheanalysis,suggestingthatthestructuresofthelanguagesare

lireage-specificandnotgovernedbyuniversals

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2011年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题

SectionIUseofEnglish

Directions:

AncientGreekphilosopherAristotleviewedlaughteras“abodilyexerciseprecious

tohealth.”But­­­_1____someclaimstothecontrary,laughingprobablyhaslittle

influenceonphysicalfilnessLaughterdoes_2____short-termchangesinthe

functionoftheheartanditsbloodvessels,_3___heartrateandoxygenconsumption

Butbecausehardlaughterisdifficultto_4___,agoodlaughisunlikelytohave

__5___benefitstheway,say,walkingorjoggingdoes.

__6__,insteadofstrainingmusclestobuildthem,asexercisedoes,laughter

apparentlyaccomplishesthe__7__,studiesdatingbacktothe1930’sindicatethat

s,

Suchbodilyreactionmightconceivablyhelp__8__theeffectsofpsychological

,theactoflaughingprobablydoesproduceothertypesof

____9__feedback,thatimproveanindividual’semotionalstate.__10____one

classicaltheoryofemotion,ourfeelingsarepartiallyrooted_____11__physical

rguedattheendofthe19thcenturythathumansdonotcry

___12___theyaresadbuttheybecomesadwhentetearsbegintoflow.

Althoughsadnessalso__13_____tears,evidencesuggeststhatemotionscanflow

__14___perimentpublishedin1988,socialpsychologist

Fritz.

1．[A]among[B]except[C]despite[D]like

2．[A]reflect[B]demand[C]indicate[D]produce

3．[A]stabilizing[B]boosting[C]impairing[D]determining

4．[A]transmit[B]sustain[C]evaluate[D]observe

5．[A]measurable[B]manageable[C]affordable[D]renewable

6．[A]Inturn[B]Infact[C]Inaddition[D]Inbrief

7．[A]opposite[B]impossible[C]average[D]expected

8．[A]hardens[B]weakens[C]tightens[D]relaxes

9．[A]aggravate[B]generate[C]moderate[D]enhance

10．[A]physical[B]mentl[C]subconscious[D]internal

11．[A]Exceptfor[B]Accordingto[C]Dueto[D]Asfor

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12．[A]with[B]on[C]in[D]at

13．[A]unless[B]untilC]if[D]because

14．[A]exhausts[B]follows[C]precedes[D]suppresses

15．[A]into[B]from[C]towards[D]beyond

16．[A]fetch[B]bite[C]pick[D]hold

17．[A]disappointed[B]excited[C]joyful[D]indifferent

18．[A]adapted[B]catered[C]turned[D]reacted

19．[A]suggesting[B]requiring[C]mentioning[D]supposing

20．[A]Eventually[B]Consequently[C]Similarly[D]Conversely

SectionIIReadingComprehension

PartA

Directions:

thequestionsbeloweachtextby

choosing[A],[B],[C]or[D].MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(40

points)

PartB

Directions:

stions41-45,you

arerequiredtoreorganizetheseparagraphsintoacoherenttextbychoosingfromthe

aphsEandGhavebeen

uranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(10points)

[A]Nodisciplineshaveseizedonprofessionalismwithasmuchenthusiasmas

,MrMenandpointsout,becamealawyerinthreeyearsand

regulartimeittakestogetadoctoraldegreeinthe

prisingly,uptohalfofalldoctoralstudentsin

Englishdropoutbeforegettingtheirdegrees.

[B]Hisconcernismainlywiththehumanities:Literature,languages,

redisciplinesthataregoingoutofstyle:22%of

Americancollegegraduatesnowmajorinbusinesscomparedwithonly2%in

historyand4%r,manyleadingAmericanuniversitieswanttheir

undergraduatestohaveagroundinginthebasiccanonofideasthateveryeducated

tfinditdifficulttoagreeonwhata“general

education”ard,MrMenandnotes,“thegreatbooksareread

becausetheyhavebeenread”-theyformasortofsocialglue.

[C]Equallyunsurprisingly,onlyabouthalfendupwithprofessorshipsfor

partly

erstudentswant

tostudyhumanitiessubjects:Englishdepartmentsawardedmorebachelor’sdegrees

,

attheendofadecadeoftheses-writing,manyhumanitiesstudentsleavethe

professiontodosomethingforwhichtheyhavenotbeentrained.

[D]Onereasonwhyitishardtodesignandteachsuchcoursesisthattheycan

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cutacrosstheinsistencebytopAmericanuniversitiesthatliberal-artseducationsand

professionaleducationshouldbekeptseparate,

ghmorethanhalfofHarvard

undergraduatesendupinlaw,medicineorbusiness,futuredoctorsandlawyersmust

studyanon-specialistliberal-artsdegreebeforeembarkingonaprofessional

qualification.

[E]Besidesprofessionalizingtheprofessionsbythisseparation,topAmerican

wthinpublicmoneyfor

academicresearchhasspeededtheprocess:federalresearchgrantsrosefourfold

between1960and1990,butfacultyteachinghoursfellbyhalfasresearchtookits

sionalismhasturnedtheacquisitionofadoctoraldegreeintoa

prerequisiteforasuccessfulacademiccareer:aslateas1969athirdofAmerican

keyideabehindprofessionalisation,argues

MrMenand,isthat“theknowledgeandskillsneededforaparticularspecialization

aretransmissiblebutnottransferable.”Sodisciplinesacquireamonopolynotjust

overtheproductionofknowledge,butalsoovertheproductionoftheproducersof

knowledge.

[F]Thekeytoreforminghighereducation,concludesMrMenand,istoalterthe

wayinwhich“theproducersofknowledgeareproduced.”Otherwise,academicswill

continuetothinkdangerouslyalike,increasinglydetachedfromthesocietieswhich

theystudy,investigateandcriticize.”Academicinquiry,atleastinsomefields,may

needtobecomelessexclusionaryandmoreholistic.”Yetquitehowthathappens,Mr

Menanddosenotsay.

[G]ThesubtleandintelligentlittlebookTheMarketplaceofIdeas:Reformand

ResistanceintheAmericanUniversityshouldbereadbyeverystudentthinkingof

somethingcurioushasbeenhappeninginAmericanUniversities,andLouisMenand,

aprofessorofEnglishatHarvardUniversity,captureditskillfully.

G→41.→42.→E→43.→44.→45.

PartC

Directions:

Readthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegments

anslationshouldbewrittencarefullyonANSWERSHEET2.

(10points)

Withitsthemethat“Mindisthemasterweaver,”creatingourinnercharacter

andoutercircumstances,thebookAsaManThinkingbyJamesAllenisanin-depth

explorationofthecentralideaofself-helpwriting.

(46)Allen’scontributionwastotakeanassumptionweallshare-thatbecause

wearenotrobotswethereforecontrolourthoughts-andrevealitserroneousnature.

Becausemostofusbelievethatmindisseparatefrommatter,wethinkthatthoughts

canbehiddenandmadepowerless;thisallowsustothinkonewayandactanother.

However,Allenbelievedthattheunconsciousmindgeneratesasmuchactionasthe

consciousmind,and(47)whilewemaybeabletosustaintheillusionofcontrol

2010年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题15

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throughtheconsciousmindalone,inrealitywearecontinuallyfacedwithaquestion:

“WhycannotImakemyselfdothisorachievethat?”

Sincedesireandwillaredamagedbythepresenceofthoughtsthatdonot

accordwithdesire,Allenconcluded:“Wedonotattractwhatwewant,butwhatwe

are.”Achievementhappensbecauseyouasapersonembodytheexternal

achievement;youdon’t“get”snogapbetweenmind

andmatter.

PartofthefameofAllen’sbookisitscontentionthat“Circumstancesdonot

makeaperson,theyrevealhim.”(48)Thisseemsajustificationforneglectofthose

inneed,andarationalizationofexploitation,ofthesuperiorityofthoseatthetop

andtheinferiorityofthoseatthebottom.

This,however,tof

circumstances,howeverbad,

circumstancesalwaysdeterminedthelifeandprospectsofpeople,thenhumanity

,(49)circumstancesseemtobedesignedtobring

outthebestinusandifwefeelthatwehavebeen“wronged”thenweareunlikelyto

heless,asany

biographerknows,aperson’searlylifeanditsconditionsareoftenthegreatestgiftto

anindividual.

ThesoberingaspectofAllen’sbookisthatwehavenooneelsetoblameforour

presentconditionexceptourselves.(50)Theupsideisthepossibilitiescontainedin

knowingthateverythingisuptous;wherebeforewewereexpertsinthearrayof

limitations,nowwebecomeauthoritiesofwhatispossible.

2010年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题

SectionIUseofEnglish

Directions:

thebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankand

mark[A],[B],[C]or[D]onANSWERSHEET1.(10points)

In1924America'sNationalResearchCouncilsenttwoengineerstosupervisea

seriesofindustrialexperimentsatalargetelephone-partsfactorycalledthe

dtheywouldlearnhowstop-floorlighting

1workers'd,thestudiesended2givingtheir

nametothe"Hawthorneeffect",theextremelyinfluentialideathatthevery3

tobeingexperimenteduponchangedsubjects'behavior.

Theideaarosebecauseofthe4behaviorofthewomeninthe

ingto5oftheexperiments,theirhourlyoutputrose

2010年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题16

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whenlightingwasincreased,ot6what

wasdoneintheexperiment;7somethingwaschanged,productivityrose.

A(n)8thattheywerebeingexperimenteduponseemedtobe9to

alterworkers'behavior10itself.

Afterseveraldecades,thesamedatawere11toeconometricthe

rneexperimentshasanothersurprisestore12the

descriptionsonrecord,nosystematic13wasfoundthatlevelsof

productivitywererelatedtochangesinlighting.

Itturnsoutthatpeculiarwayofconductingtheexperimentsmaybehaveletto

14interpretationofwhathappened.15,lightingwasalwayschanged

rkstartedagainonMonday,output16rosecompared

withthepreviousSaturdayand17toriseforthenextcoupleofdays.

18,acomparisonwithdataforweekswhentherewasnoexperimentation

showedthatoutputalwayswentuponMonday,workers19tobediligentfor

thefirstfewdaysoftheweekinanycase,before20aplateauandthen

ggeststhatthealleged"Hawthorneeffect"ishardtopin

down.

1.[A]affected[B]achieved[C]extracted[D]restored

2.[A]at[B]up[C]with[D]off

3.[A]truth[B]sight[C]act[D]proof

4.[A]controversial[B]perplexing[C]mischievous[D]ambiguous

5.[A]requirements[B]explanations[C]accounts[D]assessments

6.[A]conclude[B]matter[C]indicate[D]work

7.[A]asfaras[B]forfearthat[C]incasethat[D]solongas

2010年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题17

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8.[A]awareness[B]expectation[C]sentiment[D]illusion

9.[A]suitable[B]excessive[C]enough[D]abundant

10.[A]about[B]for[C]on[D]by

11.[A]compared[B]shown[C]subjected[D]conveyed

12.[A]contraryto[B]consistentwith[C]parallelwith[D]peculiarto

13.[A]evidence[B]guidance[C]implication[D]source

14.[A]disputable[B]enlightening[C]reliable[D]misleading

15.[A]Incontrast[B]Forexample[C]Inconsequence[D]Asusual

16.[A]duly[B]accidentally[C]unpredictably[D]suddenly

18.[A]Therefore[B]Furthermore[C]However[D]Meanwhile

19.[A]attempted[B]tended[C]chose[D]intended

20.[A]breaking[B]climbing[C]surpassing[D]hitting

SectionIIReadingComprehension

PartA

Directions:

thequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosing[A],

[B],[C]or[D].MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(40points)

PartB

Directions:

ForQuestions41-45,choosethemostsuitableparagraphsfromthelistA-Gandfill

aphEhasbeen

youranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(10points)

[A]Thefirstandmoreimportantistheconsumer'sgrowingpreferencefor

eatingout;theconsumptionoffoodanddrinkinplacesotherthanhomeshasrisen

fromabout32percentoftotalconsumptionin1995to35percentin2000andis

velopmentisboostingwholesale

demandfromthefoodservicesegmentby4to5percentayearacrossEurope,

2010年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题18

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ile,asthe

recessionisloominglarge,ndtokeepatighter

holdontheirpurseandconsidereatingathomearealisticalternative.

[B]RetailsalesoffoodanddrinkinEurope'slargestmarketsareatastandstill,

ading

retailershavealreadytriede-commerce,withlimitedsuccess,andexpansionabroad.

Butalmostallhaveignoredthebig,profitableopportunityintheirownbackyard:the

wholesalefoodanddrinktrade,whichappearstobejustthekindofmarketretailers

need.

[C]Willsuchvariationsbringaboutachangeintheoverallstructureofthefood

anddrinkmarket?ctioningofthemarketisbasedonflexible

rwords,itisuptothebuyer,rather

thantheseller,ate,thischangewillultimatelybe

acclaimedbyanever-growingnumberofbothdomesticandinternationalconsumers,

regardlessofhowlongthecurrentconsumerpatternwilltakehold.

[D]Allinall,thisclearlyseemstobeamarketinwhichbigretailerscould

profitablyapplytheirscale,existinginfrastructureandprovenskillsinthe

managementofproductranges,logistics,ersthat

mastertheintricaciesofwholesalinginEuropemaywellexpecttorakein

t,inspection

revealsimportantdifferencesamongthebiggestnationalmarkets,especiallyintheir

customersegmentsandwholesalestructures,aswellasthecompetitivedynamicsof

ailersmustunderstandthesedifferences

beforetheycanidentifythesegmentsofEuropeanwholesalinginwhichtheir

llsand

unfamiliarbusinessmodelsareneededtoo.

[E]Despitevariationsindetail,wholesalemarketsinthecountriesthathave

beencloselyexamined—France,Germany,Italy,andSpain—aremadeoutofthe

comesmainlyfromtwosources:independent

mom-and-popgrocerystoreswhich,unlikelargeretailchains,aretoosmalltobuy

straightfromproducers,andfoodserviceoperatorsthatcatertoconsumerswhen

theydon'odserviceoperatorsrangefromsnackmachinesto

largeinstitutionalcateringventures,butmostofthesebusinessesareknowninthe

tradeas"horeca":hotels,restaurants,l,Europe'swholesalemarket

forfoodanddrinkisgrowingatthesamesluggishpaceastheretailmarket,butthe

figures,whenaddedtogether,masktwoopposingtrends.

[F]Forexample,wholesalefoodanddrinksalescometo$268billioninFrance,

Germany,Italy,Spain,andtheUnitedKingdomin2000—morethan40percentof

er,averageoverallmarginsarehigherinwholesalethaninretail;

wholesaledemandfromthefoodservicesectorisgrowingquicklyasmore

Europeanseatoutmoreoften;andchangesinthecompetitivedynamicsofthis

fragmentedindustryareatlastmakingitfeasibleforwholesalerstoconsolidate.

[G]However,noneoftheserequirementsshoulddeterlargeretailers(andeven

2009年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题19

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somelargegoodproducersandexistingwholesalers)fromtryingtheirhand,for

thosethatmastertheintricaciesofwholesalinginEuropestandtoreapconsiderable

gains.

41→42→43→44→E→45

PartC

Directions:

Readthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsinto

anslationshouldbewrittencarefullyonANSWERSHEET2.(10

points)

Onebasicweaknessinaconservationsystembasedwhollyoneconomic

thesecreaturesaremembersofthebioticcommunityand,ifitsstabilitydependson

itsintegrity,theyareentitledtocontinuance.

Whenoneofthesenoneconomiccategoriesisthreatenedand,ifwehappento

eginningof

centurysongbirdsweresupposedtobedisappearing.(46)Scientistsjumpedtothe

rescuewithsomedistinctlyshakyevidencetotheeffectthatinsectswouldeatusup

dencehadtobeeconomicinordertobevalid.

nolandethicyet,

(47)butwehaveatleastdrawnnearthepointofadmittingthatbirdsshouldcontinue

asamatterofintrinsicright,regardlessofthepresenceorabsenceofeconomic

advantagetous.

Aparallelsituationexistsinrespectofpredatorymammalsandfish-eatingbirds.

(48)Timewaswhenbiologistssomewhatoverwordedtheevidencethatthese

creaturespreservethehealthofgamebykillingthephysicallyweak,orthatthey

preyonlyon"worthless"species.

Somespeciesoftreehavebeenreadoutofthepartybyeconomics-minded

forestersbecausetheygrowtooslowly,orhavetoolowasalevaletopayastimber

crops.(49)InEurope,whereforestryisecologicallymoreadvanced,the

non-commercialtreespeciesarerecognizedasmembersofnativeforestcommunity,

tobepreservedassuch,withinreason.

Tosumup:asystemofconservationbasedsolelyoneconomicself-interestis

hopelesslylopsided.(50)Ittendstoignore,andthuseventuallytoeliminate,many

elementsinthelandcommunitythatlackcommercialvalue,butthatareessentialto

mes,falsely,Ithink,thattheeconomicpartsofthe

bioticclockwillfunctionwithouttheuneconomicparts.

2009年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题

SectionIUseofEnglish

2009年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题20

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Directions:

thebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmark

A,B,CorDonANSWERSHEET1.(10points)10

Researchonanimalintelligencealwaysmakesmewonderjusthowsmart

humansare.1thefruit-flyexperimentsdescribedinCarlZimmer'spiecein

lieswhoweretaughttobesmarterthanthe

ggeststhat3bulbs

burnlonger,thatthereisan4innotbeingtooterrificallybright.

Intelligence,it5out,smoreupkeep,

burnsmorefuelandisslow6thestartinglinebecauseitdependsonlearning

—agradual7—ofotherspeciesareabletolearn,

andoneofthethingsthey'veapparentlylearnediswhento8.

Isthereanadaptivevalueto9intelligence?That'sthequestionbehind

dofcastingawistfulglance10atallthe

specieswe'veleftinthedustI.Q.-wise,itimplicitlyaskswhatthereal11of

12themindofeveryanimalI'veever

met.

Researchonanimalintelligencealsomakesmewonderwhatexperiments

atwithan

owner,14,eve

that15animalsranthelabs,theywouldtestusto16thelimitsofour

patience,ourfaithfulness,uldtrytodecidewhat

intelligenceinhumansisreally17,notmerelyhowmuchofitthereis.

18,theywouldhopetostudya19question:Arehumansactuallyaware

oftheworldtheylivein?20theresultsareinconclusive.

1.[A]Suppose[B]Consider[C]Observe[D]Imagine

2009年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题21

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2.[A]tended[B]feared[C]happened[D]threatened

3.[A]thinner[B]stabler[C]lighter[D]dimmer

4.[A]tendency[B]advantage[C]inclination[D]priority

5.[A]insistson[B]sumsup[C]turnsout[D]putsforward

6.[A]off[B]behind[C]over[D]along

7.[A]incredible[B]spontaneous[C]inevitable[D]gradual

8.[A]fight[B]doubt[C]stop[D]think

9.[A]invisible[B]limited[C]indefinite[D]different

10.[A]upward[B]forward[C]afterward[D]backward

11.[A]features[B]influences[C]results[D]costs

12.[A]outside[B]on[C]by[D]across

13.[A]deliver[B]carry[C]perform[D]apply

14.[A]bychance[B]incontrast[C]asusual[D]forinstance

15.[A]if[B]unless[C]as[D]lest

16.[A]moderate[B]overcome[C]determine[D]reach

17.[A]at[B]for[C]after[D]with

18.[A]Aboveall[B]Afterall[C]However[D]Otherwise

19.[A]fundamental[B]comprehensive[C]equivalent[D]hostile

20.[A]Byaccident[B]Intime[C]Sofar[D]Betterstill

SectionIIReadingComprehension

PartA

Directions:

thequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,

2009年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题22

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B,uranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(40points)

PartB

Directions:

Directions:Inthefollowingtext,stions

(41-45),choosethemostsuitableonefromthelistA-Gtofitintoeachofthe

retwoextrachoices,whichdonotfitinanyofthegaps.

MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(10points)6

Coincidingwiththegroundbreakingtheoryofbiologicalevolutionproposedby

BritishnaturalistCharlesDarwininthe1860s,BritishsocialphilosopherHerbert

r

arguedthatallworldlyphenomena,includinghumansocieties,changedovertime,

advancingtowardperfection.41.__________.

AmericansocialscientistLewisHenryMorganintroducedanothertheoryof

,alongwithTylor,wasoneofthe

ork,heattemptedtoshowhowallaspects

ofculturechangedtogetherintheevolutionofsocieties.42._____________.

Intheearly1900sinNorthAmerica,German-bornAmericananthropologist

FranzBoasdevelopedanewtheoryofcultureknownashistoricalparticularism.

Historicalparticularism,whichemphasizedtheuniquenessofallcultures,gavenew

directiontoanthropology.43._____________.

Boasfeltthatthecultureofanysocietymustbeunderstoodastheresultofa

uniquehistoryandnotasoneofmanyculturesbelongingtoabroaderevolutionary

stageortypeofculture.44.____________.

Historicalparticularismbecameadominantapproachtothestudyofculturein

Americananthropology,

anumberofanthropologistsintheearly1900salsorejectedtheparticularisttheory

tributedvirtuallyeveryimportantcultural

achievementtotheinventionsofafew,especiallygiftedpeoplesthat,accordingto

diffusionists,thenspreadtoothercultures.45.________________.

Alsointheearly1900s,FrenchsociologistÉmileDurkheimdevelopedatheory

improposedthat

restinthe

relationshipbetweenthefunctionofsocietyandculture—knownas

functionalism—becameamajorthemeinEuropean,andespeciallyBritish,

anthropology.

[A]Otheranthropologistsbelievedthatculturalinnovations,suchasinventions,had

eorywasknownas

diffusionism.

[B]Inordertostudyparticularculturesascompletelyaspossible,Boasbecame

skilledinlinguistics,thestudyoflanguages,andinphysicalanthropology,the

2009年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题23

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studyofhumanbiologyandanatomy.

[C]Hearguedthathumanevolutionwascharacterizedbyastrugglehecalledthe

"survivalofthefittest,"inwhichweakerracesandsocietiesmusteventuallybe

replacedbystronger,moreadvancedracesandsocieties.

[D]Theyalsofocusedonimportantritualsthatappearedtopreserveapeople's

socialstructure,suchasinitiationceremoniesthatformallysignifychildren's

entranceintoadulthood.

[E]Thus,inhisview,diverseaspectsofculture,suchasthestructureoffamilies,

formsofmarriage,categoriesofkinship,ownershipofproperty,formsof

government,technology,andsystemsoffoodproduction,allchangedas

societiesevolved.

[F]Supportersofthetheoryviewedasacollectionofintegratedpartsthatwork

togethertokeepasocietyfunctioning.

[G]Forexample,

incorrectlysuggested,onthebasisofinadequateinformation,thatfarming,

potterymaking,andmetallurgyalloriginatedinancientEgyptanddiffused

,alloftheseculturaldevelopmentsoccurred

separatelyatdifferenttimesinmanypartsoftheworld.

PartC

Directions:

Readthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsinto

anslationshouldbewrittencarefullyonANSWERSHEET2.(10

points)

Thereisamarkeddifferencebetweentheeducationwhicheveryonegetsfrom

livingwithothers,ormercasethe

educationisincidental;itisnaturalandimportant,butitisnottheexpressreasonof

theassociation.(46)Itmaybesaidthatthemeasureoftheworthofanysocial

institutionisitseffectinenlargingandimprovingexperience;butthiseffectisnota

ousassociationsbegan,forexample,inthedesireto

securethefavorofoverrulingpowersandtowardoffevilinfluences;familylifein

thedesiretogratifyappetitesandsecurefamilyperpetuity;systematiclabor,forthe

mostpart,becauseofenslavementtoothers,etc.(47)Onlygraduallywasthe

by-productoftheinstitutionnoted,andonlymoregraduallystillwasthiseffect

day,inour

industriallife,apartfromcertainvaluesofindustriousnessandthrift,theintellectual

andemotionalreactionoftheformsofhumanassociationunderwhichtheworld's

workiscarriedonreceiveslittleattentionascomparedwithphysicaloutput.

Butindealingwiththeyoung,thefactofassociationitselfasanimmediate

humanfact,gainsinimportance.(48)Whileitiseasytoignoreinourcontactwith

themtheeffectofouractsupontheirdisposition,itisnotsoeasyasindealingwith

2009年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题24

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doftrainingistooevident;thepressuretoaccomplishachangein

theirattitudeandhabitsistoourgenttoleavetheseconsequenceswhollyoutof

account.(49)Sinceourchiefbusinesswiththemistoenablethemtoshareina

commonlifewecannothelpconsideringwhetherornoweareformingthepowers

nityhasmadesomeheadwayinrealizingthat

theultimatevalueofeveryinstitutionisitsdistinctivelyhumaneffectwemaywell

believethatthislessonhasbeenlearnedlargelythroughdealingswiththeyoung.

(50)Wearethusledtodistinguish,withinthebroadeducationalprocesswhich

wehavebeensofarconsidering,amoreformalkindofeducation--thatofdirect

velopedsocialgroups,wefindverylittleformal

roupsmainlyrelyforinstillingneededdispositions

intotheyounguponthesamesortofassociationwhichkeepstheadultsloyaltotheir

group.

SectionⅢWriting

PartA

ions:

Restrictionsontheuseofplasticbagshavenotbeensosuccessfulinsome

regions."Whitepollution"lettertotheeditor(s)ofyour

localnewspaperto

giveyouropinionsbrieflyand

maketwoorthreesuggestions

ignyourownnameattheendof

"LiMing"otneedtowritetheaddress.

PartB

ions:

Inyouressay,youshould

1)describethedrawingbriefly,

2)explainitsintendedmeaning,andthen

3)giveyourcomments.

YoushouldwriteneatlyonANSHWERSHEET2.(20points)

2009年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题25

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2009年考研英语真题答案26

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2009年考研英语真题答案

SectionI:UseofEnglish(10points)

1.B2.A3.D4.B5.C

6.A7.D8.C9.B10.D

11.D12.B13.C14.D15.A

16.C17.B18.A19.A20.C

SectionII:ReadingComprehension(60points)

PartA(40points)

21.C22.D23.A24.D25.A

26.A27.C28.D29.A30.B

31.D32.B33.B34.C35.C

36.B37.B38.D39.A40.C

PartB(10points)

41.C42.E43.A44.B45.G

PartC(10points)

46.虽然我们可以说衡量任何一个社会机构价值的标准是其在丰富和完善人生

方面所起的作用，但这种作用并不是我们最初的动机的组成部分。

47.人们只是逐渐地才注意到机构的这—副产品，而人们把这种作用视为机构

运作的指导性因素的过程则更为缓慢。

48.虽然在与年轻人的接触中我们容易忽视自己的行为对他们的性情所产生的

影响，然而在与成年人打交道时这种情况就不那么容易发生。

49.由于我们对年轻人所做的首要工作在于使他们能够在生活中彼此相融，因

此我们不禁要考虑自己是否在形成让他们获得这种能力的力量。

50.这就使我们得以在一直讨论的广义的教育过程中进一步区分出一种更为正

式的教育形式，即直接讲授或学校教育。

2008年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题27

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2008年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题

SectionIUseofEnglish

Directions:

thebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmark

A,B,CorDonANSWERSHEET1.(10points)

Theideathatsomegroupsofpeoplemaybemoreintelligentthanothersisone

goryCochranis1

at2bird,ascientistwhoworksindependently

edpopularizetheideathatsomediseasesnot

4thoughttohaveabacterialcausewereactuallyinfections,whicharoused

muchcontroversywhenitwasfirstsuggested.

5he,however,mighttrembleatthe6ofwhatheisabouttodo.

Togetherwithanothertwoscientists,heispublishingapaperwhichnotonly

7thatonegroupofhumanityismoreintelligentthantheothers,butexplains

upin8areaparticularpeople

cessisnaturalselection.

ThisgroupgenerallydowellinIQtest,912-15pointsabovethe

10valueof100,andhavecontributed11totheintellectualand

culturallifeoftheWest,asthe12oftheirelites,includingseveral

world-renownedscientists,sosuffermoreoftenthanmostpeople

fromanumberofnastygeneticdiseases,acts,

14,merhasbeen15to

socialeffects,terwasseen

asa(an)nsuggeststhattheintelligence

umentisthattheunusualhistoryof

2008年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题28

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thesepeoplehas19themtouniqueevolutionarypressuresthathaveresulted

inthis20stateofaffairs.

1.[A]selected[B]prepared[C]obliged[D]pleased

2.[A]unique[B]particular[C]special[D]rare

3.[A]of[B]with[C]in[D]against

4.[A]subsequently[B]presently[C]previously[D]lately

5.[A]Only[B]So[C]Even[D]Hence

6.[A]thought[B]sight[C]cost[D]risk

7.[A]advises[B]suggests[C]protests[D]objects

8.[A]progress[B]fact[C]need[D]question

9.[A]attaining[B]scoring[C]reaching[D]calculating

10.[A]normal[B]common[C]mean[D]total

11.[A]unconsciously[B]disproportionately

[C]indefinitely[D]unaccountably

12.[A]missions[B]fortunes[C]interests[D]careers

13.[A]affirm[B]witness[C]observe[D]approve

14.[A]moreover[B]therefore[C]however[D]meanwhile

15.[A]givenup[B]gotover[C]carriedon[D]putdown

16.[A]assessing[B]supervising[C]administering[D]valuing

17.[A]development[B]origin[C]consequence[D]instrument

18.[A]linked[B]integrated[C]woven[D]combined

19.[A]limited[B]subjected[C]converted[D]directed

2008年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题29

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20.[A]paradoxical[B]incompatible[C]inevitable[D]continuous

SectionIIReadingComprehension

PartA

Directions:

thequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,

B,uranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(40points)

PartB

Directions:

Inthefollowingarticle,stions41—45,

choosethemostsuitableonefromthelistA-Gtofitintoeachofthenumbered

retwoextrachoices,ur

answersonANSWERSHEET1.(10points)

Thetimeforsharpeningpencils,arrangingyourdesk,anddoingalmost

stdraftwillappearonthepage

onlyifyoustopavoidingtheinevitableandsit,standup,orliedowntowrite.(41)

tlineshouldsmoothlyconductyoufromonepointtothe

next,evantandimportantideaoccursto

younow,workitintothedraft.(42)Grammar,punctuation,

writingmostoftenoccurswhenyouareinhotpursuitofanidearatherthanina

nervoussearchforerrors.

(43)Yourpageswillbeeasiertokeeptrackofthatway,

and,ifyouhavetoclipaparagraphtoplaceitelsewhere,youwillnotloseany

writingontheotherside.

Ifyouareworkingonawordprocessor,youcantakeadvantageofitscapacity

tomakeadditionsanddeletionsaswellasmoveentireparagraphsbymakingjusta

ftwareprogramscanalsocheckspelling

andcertaingrammaticalelementsinyourwriting.(44)These

printoutsarealsoeasiertoreadthanthescreenwhenyouworkonrevisions.

Onceyouhaveafirstdraftonpaper,youcandeletematerialthatisunrelatedto

yourthesisandaddmaterialnecessarytoillustrateyourpointsandmakeyourpaper

dentwhowrote“TheA&PasaStateofMind”wiselydroppeda

paragraphthatquestionedwhetherSammydisplayschauvinisticattitudestoward

women.(45)

uldgothroughthepaper

manytimes–andthenagain–

tences

2008年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题30

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tionsshouldconnect

dor

wordyphrasingorunclearsentencesandparagraphsshouldbemercilesslypoked

andproddedintoshape.

[A]Tomakerevisingeasier,leavewidemarginsandextraspacebetweenlinesso

thatyoucaneasilyaddwords,sentences,nonlyone

sideofthepaper.

[B]Afteryouhaveclearlyandadequatelydevelopedthebodyofyourpaper,pay

’sprobably

besttowritetheintroductionlast,afteryouknowpreciselywhatyouare

dingparagraphsdemandequalattentionbecausetheyleave

thereaderwithafinalimpression.

[C]It’sworthremembering,however,thatthoughacleancopyfreshoffaprinter

maylookterrific,itwillreadonlyaswellasthethinkingandwritingthathave

itersprudentlystoretheirdataondisksandprinttheir

pageseachtimetheyfinishadrafttoavoidlosinganymaterialbecauseof

powerfailuresorotherproblems.

[D]Itmakesnodifferencehowyouwrite,tyouhave

developedatopicintoatentativethesis,youcanassembleyournotesandbegin

tofleshoutwhateveroutlineyouhavemade.

[E]Althoughthisisaninterestingissue,ithasnothingtodowiththethesis,which

explainshowthesettinginfluencesSammy’dof

includingthatparagraph,sheaddedonethatdescribedLengel’scrabbed

responsetothegirlssothatshecouldleaduptotheA&P“policy”heenforces.

[F]Inthefinalparagraphaboutthesignificanceofthesettingin“A&P,”the

studentbringstogetherthereasonsSammyquithisjobbyreferringtohis

refusaltoacceptLengel’sstorepolicies.

[G]Byusingthefirstdraftasameansofthinkingaboutwhatyouwanttosay,you

of

goodwritersdon’tuseoutlinesatallbutdiscoverorderingprinciplesasthey

ttempttocomposeaperfectlycorrectdraftthefirsttimearound.

PartC

Directions:

Readthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsinto

anslationshouldbewrittenclearlyonANSWERSHEET2.(10

points)

Directions:

Readthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsinto

anslationshouldbewrittenclearlyonANSWERSHEET2.(10

points)

2008年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题31

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Inhisautobiography,Darwinhimselfspeaksofhisintellectualpowerswith

tsoutthathealwaysexperiencedmuchdifficultyin

expressinghimselfclearlyandconcisely,but(46)hebelieves/thatthisvery

difficulty/mayhavehadthecompensatingadvantage/offorcinghimtothinklong

andintentlyabouteverysentence,/andthusenablinghimtodetecterrorsin

reasoningandinhisownobservations.

他相信这个困难具有回报性的优势，能促使他在每次决断时考虑的更长远，

并且使他可以找出他在推断和观察中的错误

Hedisclaimedthepossessionofanygreatquicknessofapprehensionorwit,

suchasdistinguishedHuxley.(47)Heasserted,also,/thathispowertofollowalong

andpurelyabstracttrainofthought/wasverylimited,forwhichreasonhefelt

certain/thathenevercouldhavesucceededwithmathematics.

他也认为不擅长长时间纯粹的思考，这正是他确信他不可能在数学领域获

得成功的原因。

Hismemory,too,hedescribedasextensive,inonesensewasit

thathenevercouldrememberformorethanafewdaysasingledateoralineof

poetry.(48)Ontheotherhand,hedidnotaccept/aswellfoundedthechargemade

bysomeofhiscritics/that,whilehewasagoodobserver,hehadnopowerof

reasoning.

另一方面，当一些著名评论家指责说他虽然是一名优秀的观察者，但他没有推

理的能力，但是他并不认同这些评论。

This,hethought,couldnotbetrue,becausethe“OriginofSpecies”isonelong

argumentfromthebeginningtotheend,,

hesubmits,

waswillingtoassertthat“Ihaveafairshareofinvention,andofcommonsenseor

judgment,suchaseveryfairlysuccessfullawyerordoctormusthave,butnot,I

believe,inanyhigherdegree.”(49)Headdshumblythat/perhapshewas“superior

tothecommonrunofmen/innoticingthings/whicheasilyescapeattention,andin

observingthemcarefully.”

他谦虚的补充道，也许我只是在注意到那些容易逃过我们注意力的事物和仔细

观察方面优于一般人。

Writinginthelastyearofhislife,heexpressedtheopinionthatintwoorthree

e

ly,

too,pictureshadgivenhimconsiderable,andmusicverygreat,1881,

however,hesaid:“NowformanyyearsIcannotenduretoreadalineofpoetry.I

havealsoalmostlostmytasteforpicturesormusic.”(50)Darwinwasconvinced（确

信的）/thatthelossofthesetasteswasnotonlyalossofhappiness,butmight

possiblybeinjurioustotheintellect,andmoreprobablytothemoralcharacter.

2007年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题32

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达尔文证明到那些品味的缺失不仅是幸福感的缺失，而且可能损伤到智力，

并且更可能对道德品质造成伤害。

2007年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题

SectionIUseofEnglish

Directions:

thebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmark

[A],[B],[C]or[D]onANSWERSHEET1.(10points)14

By1830theformerSpanishandPortuguesecolonieshadbecomeindependent

ghly20million大1家ofthesenationslooked大2家tothe

thecrisisoftheoldregimeandIberianColonialism,manyofthe

leadersofindependence大3家theidealsofrepresentativegovernment,careers

4totalent,freedomofcommerceandtrade,the大5家toprivateproperty,

andabeliefintheindividualasthebasisofsociety.大6家therewasabeliefthat

thenewnationsshouldbesovereignandindependentstates,largeenoughtobe

economicallyviableandintegratedbya大7家setoflaws.

2007年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题33

精选

Ontheissueof8ofreligionandthepositionofthechurch,9,

atholicismhadbeenthe

statereligionandtheonlyone11bytheSpanishcrown.12most

leaderssoughttomaintainCatholicism13theofficialreligionofthenew

states,enseoftheChurch

becamearallying15fortheconservativeforces.

Theidealsoftheearlyleadersofindependencewereoftenegalitarian,valuing

rhadreceivedaidfromHaitiandhad16in

1854slaveryhadbeen

abolishedeverywhereexceptSpain’romisestoend

Indiantributeandtaxesonpeopleofmixedorigincamemuch18because

arian

sentimentswereoftentemperedbyfearsthatthemassofthepopulationwas

D20self-ruleanddemocracy.

1.[A]natives

[B]inhabitants

[C]peoples

[D]individuals

2.[A]confusedly

[B]cheerfully

[C]worriedly

[D]hopefully

3.[A]shared

[B]forgot

[C]attained

[D]rejected

4.[A]related

2007年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题34

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[B]close

[C]open

[D]devoted

5.[A]access

[B]succession

[C]right

[D]return

6.[A]Presumably

[B]Incidentally

[C]Obviously

[D]Generally

7.[A]unique

[B]common

[C]particular

[D]typical

8.[A]freedom

[B]origin

[C]impact

[D]reform

9.[A]therefore

[B]however

[C]indeed

[D]moreover

10.[A]with

[B]about

[C]among

[D]by

11.[A]allowed

[B]preached

[C]granted

[D]funded

2007年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题35

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12.[A]Since

[B]If

[C]Unless

[D]While

13.[A]as

[B]for

[C]under

[D]against

14.[A]spread

[B]interference

[C]exclusion

[D]influence

15.[A]support

[B]cry

[C]plea

[D]wish

16.[A]urged

[B]intended

[C]expected

[D]promised

17.[A]controlling

[B]former

[C]remaining

[D]original

18.[A]slower

[B]faster

[C]easier

[D]tougher

19.[A]created

[B]produced

[C]contributed

2007年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题36

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[D]preferred

20.[A]puzzledby

[B]hostileto

[C]pessimisticabout

[D]unpreparedfor

SectionIIReadingComprehension

PartB

Directions:

Youaregoingtoreadalistofheadingsandatextaboutwhatparentsaresupposedto

aheadingfromthelistA—Gthat

bestfitsthemeaningofeachnumberedpartofthetext(41-45).Thefirstandlast

retwoextraheadingsthatyoudo

uranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(10points)

odExampleforYourKids

ourKids’WorkSkills

imeLimitsonLeisureActivities

outtheFutureonaRegularBasis

dsDevelopCopingStrategies

urKidsFigureOutWhoTheyAre

ourKids’SenseofResponsibility

HowCanaParentHelp?

Mothersandfatherscandoalottoensureasafelandinginearlyadulthoodfor

ajob’sstartingsalaryseemstoosmalltosatisfyanemerging

adult’sneedforrapidcontent,thetransitionfromschooltoworkcanbelessofa

eafewmeasures,drawn

frommybookReadyorNot,HereLifeComes,thatparentscantaketopreventwhat

Icall“work-lifeunreadiness.”

41

icallyreviewtheir

emergingstrengthsandweaknesseswiththemandworktogetheronany

shortcomings,,identify

thekindsofintereststheykeepcomingbackto,astheseoffercluestothecareers

thatwillfitthembest.

2007年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题37

精选

42

Kidsneedarangeofauthenticrolemodels–asopposedtomembersoftheir

clique,gulardinner-tablediscussionsabout

sthejoysand

downsidesofyourowncareerandencourageyourkidstoformsomeideasabout

kedwhattheywanttodo,theyshouldbediscouragedfrom

saying“Ihavenoidea.”Theycanchangetheirminds200times,buthavingonlya

foggyviewofthefutureisoflittlegood.

43

Teachersareresponsibleforteachingkidshowtolearn;parentsshouldbe

responsibilitiesaroundthehouse

ageteenagerstotakeapart-time

edplentyofpracticedelayinggratificationanddeployingeffective

organizationalskills,suchasmanagingtimeandsettingpriorities.

44

rsofwatchingTV

showswithcannedlaughteronlyteacheskidstoprocessinformationinapassive

ametime,listeningthroughearphonestothesamemonotonousbeats

forlongstretchesencourageskidstostayinsidetheirbubbleinsteadofpursuing

seactivitiescanpreventthegrowthofimportant

communicationandthinkingskillsandmakeitdifficultforkidstodevelopthekind

ofsustainedconcentrationtheywillneedformostjobs.

45

Theyshouldknowhowtodealwithsetbacks,stressesandfeelingsof

ouldalsolearnhowtosolveproblemsandresolveconflicts,

sionsathomecanhelpkidspractice

doingthesethingsandhelpthemapplytheseskillstoeverydaylifesituations.

Whataboutthesonordaughterwhoisgrownbutseemstobestrugglingand

wanderingaimlesslythroughearlyadulthood?Parentsstillhaveamajorroletoplay,

vetobecarefulnottocomeacrossas

ouldexhibitstronginterestandrespectfor

whatevercurrentlyintereststheirfledgingadult(asnaiveorillconceivedasitmay

seem)all,these

newadultsmustfeelthattheyarerespectedandsupportedbyafamilythat

appreciatesthem.

PartC

Directions:

2007年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题38

精选

Readthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsinto

anslationshouldbewrittenclearlyonANSWERSHEET2.(10

points)

Thestudyoflawhasbeenrecognizedforcenturiesasabasicintellectual

r,onlyinrecentyearshasitbecomea

featureofundergraduateprogramsinCanadianuniversities.(46)Traditionally,legal

learninghasbeenviewedinsuchinstitutionsasthespecialpreserveoflawyers,

ratherthananecessarypartoftheintellectualequipmentofaneducatedperson.

Happily,theolderandmorecontinentalviewoflegaleducationisestablishingitself

inanumberofCanadianuniversitiesandsomehaveevenbeguntooffer

undergraduatedegreesinlaw.

Ifthestudyoflawisbeginningtoestablishitselfaspartandparcelofageneral

education,

nehand,itprovides

opportunitiestoanalyzesuchideasasjustice,democracyandfreedom.(47)Onthe

other,itlinkstheseconceptstoeverydayrealitiesinamannerwhichisparalleltothe

l

example,notionsofevidenceandfact,ofbasicrightsandpublicinterestareatwork

intheprocessofjournalisticjudgmentandproductionjustasincourtsoflaw.

Sharpeningjudgmentbyabsorbingandreflectingonlawisadesirablecomponentof

ajournalist’sintellectualpreparationforhisorhercareer.

(48)Buttheideathatthejournalistmustunderstandthelawmoreprofoundly

thananordinarycitizenrestsonanunderstandingoftheestablishedconventionsand

csor,morebroadly,thefunctioning

ofthestate,terinformedtheyareaboutthe

waythestateworks,thebettertheirreportingwillbe.(49)Infact,itisdifficultto

seehowjournalistswhodonothaveacleargraspofthebasicfeaturesofthe

CanadianConstitutioncandoacompetentjobonpoliticalstories.

Furthermore,thelegalsystemandtheeventswhichoccurwithinitareprimary

hequalityoflegaljournalismvariesgreatly,thereis

anunduerelianceamongstmanyjournalistsoninterpretationssuppliedtothemby

lawyers.(50)Whilecommentandreactionfromlawyersmayenhancestories,itis

preferableforjournaliststorelyontheirownnotionsofsignificanceandmaketheir

anonlycomefromawell-groundedunderstandingofthe

legalsystem.

SectionIIIWriting

PartA

ions:

Writealettertoyouuniversitylibrary,makingsuggestionsforimprovingits

service.

2007年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题39

精选

Youshouldwriteabout100wordsonANSWERSHEET2.

“LiMing”instead.

Donotwritetheaddress.(10points)

PartB

ions:

essay,

youshould

1)describethedrawingbriefly,

2)explainitsintendedmeaning,andthen

3)supportyourviewwithanexample/examples.

YoushouldwriteneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.(20points)

2007年考研英语真题答案40

精选

2007年考研英语真题答案

SectionI:UseofEnglish(10points)

1.B2.D3.A4.C5.C

6.D7.B8.A9.B10.C

11.A12.D13.A14.C15.B

16.D17.C18.A19.B20.D

SectionII:ReadingComprehension(60points)

PartA(40points)

21.C22.B23.A24.D25.C

26.D27.C28.A29.A30.B

31.C32.B33.D34.C35.B

36.D37.A38.B39.A40.D

PartB(10points)

41.F42.D43.B44.C45.E

PartC(10points)

46.长久以来，法律知识在这类学校里一起被视为律师们专有的，而不是一个

受教育者的知识素养的必要组成部分。

47.另一方面，这一学科把这些概念结合到日常生活中，这与新闻记者每天报

道和评论新闻的做法是相同的。

48.新闻记者应比普通公民更加透彻地了解法律，而这种看法是基于他们对新

闻媒体业已确立的规约和特殊责任的理解。

49.事实上，很难设想那些对加拿大宪法的基本要点缺乏清晰了解的新闻记者

何以能胜任政治新闻的报道工作。

50.尽管律师的见解和反应会提高报道的质量，但新闻记者最好凭借他们自己

对重要性的理解自行做出判断。

2006年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题41

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2006年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题

SectionIUseofEnglish

Directions:

thebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmark

[A],[B],[C]or[D]onANSWERSHEET1.(10points)

ThehomelessmakeupagrowingpercentageofAmerica’spopulation.1

homelessnesshasreachedsuchproportionsthatlocalgovernmentscan’tpossibly

homelesspeople3independence,thefederalgovernment

mustsupportjobtrainingprograms,4theminimumwage,andfundmore

low-costhousing.

5everyoneagreesonthenumberofAmericanswhoarehomeless.

Estimates6anywherefrom600,000to3million.7thefiguremay

vary,analystsdoagreeonanothermatter:thatthenumberofthehomelessis

hefederalgovernment’sstudies9thatthenumberofthe

homelesswillreachnearly19millionbytheendofthisdecade.

Findingwaysto10thisgrowinghomelesspopulationhasbecome

increasinglydifficult.11whenhomelessindividualsmanagetofinda

12thatwillgivethemthreemealsadayandaplacetosleepatnight,agood

theproblemis

gnificantnumber

hers,14notaddicted

ormentallyill,simplylacktheeveryday15skillsneededtoturntheirlives

GlobereporterChrisReidynotesthatthesituationwillimprove

onlywhenthereare17programsthataddressthemanyneedsofthe

homeless.18EdwardZlotkowski,directorofcommunityserviceatBentley

2006年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题42

精选

CollegeinMassachusetts,19it,“Therehastobe20ofprograms.

What’sneededisapackagedeal.”

1.[A]Indeed

[B]Likewise

[C]Therefore

[D]Furthermore

2.[A]stand

[B]cope

[C]approve

[D]retain

3.[A]in

[B]for

[C]with

[D]toward

4.[A]raise

[B]add

[C]take

[D]keep

5.[A]generally

[B]almost

[C]hardly

[D]not

6.[A]cover

[B]change

[C]range

[D]differ

7.[A]Nowthat

[B]Although

[C]Provided

[D]Exceptthat

2006年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题43

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8.[A]inflating

[B]expanding

[C]increasing

[D]extending

9.[A]predicts

[B]displays

[C]proves

[D]discovers

10.[A]assist

[B]track

[C]sustain

[D]dismiss

11.[A]Hence

[B]But

[C]Even

[D]Only

12.[A]lodging

[B]shelter

[C]dwelling

[D]house

13.[A]searching

[B]strolling

[C]crowding

[D]wandering

14.[A]when

[B]once

[C]while

[D]whereas

15.[A]life

[B]existence

[C]survival

2006年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题44

精选

[D]maintenance

16.[A]around

[B]over

[C]on

[D]up

17.[A]complex

[B]comprehensive

[C]complementary

[D]compensating

18.[A]So

[B]Since

[C]As

[D]Thus

19.[A]puts

[B]interprets

[C]assumes

[D]makes

20.[A]supervision

[B]manipulation

[C]regulation

[D]coordination

SectionIIReadingComprehension

PartA

Directions:

thequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosing[A],

[B],[C],or[D].MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(40points)

PartB

Directions:

Inthefollowingarticle,stions41-45,

choosethemostsuitableonefromthelistA-Gtofitintoeachofthenumberedgaps.

Therearetwoextrachoices,

2006年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题45

精选

youranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(10points)

OnthenorthbankoftheOhioriversitsEvansville,Ind.,homeofDavid

Williams,52,andofariverboatcasino(aplacewheregamblinggamesareplayed).

Duringseveralyearsofgamblinginthatcasino,Williams,astateauditorearning

$35,000ayear,lostapproximately$175,evergambledbeforethe

casinosenthimacouponfor$20worthofgambling.

Hevisitedthecasino,lostthe$econdvisithelost$

casinoissuedtohim,asagoodcustomer,a"FunCard",whichwhenusedinthe

casinoearnspointsformealsanddrinks,andenablesthecasinototracktheuser’s

liams,thoseactivitiesbecomewhathecalls"electronic

heroin".

(41)________.In1997helost$21,

March1997helost$72,timesplayedtwoslotmachinesatatime,all

night,untiltheboatdockedat5a.m.,thenwentbackaboardwhenthecasinoopened

ssuingthecasino,chargingthatitshouldhaverefusedhis

nowhehadaproblem.

InMarch1998afriendofWilliams’sgothiminvoluntarilyconfinedtoa

treatmentcenterforaddictions,andwrotetoinformthecasinoofWilliams’s

inoincludedaphotoofWilliamsamongthoseofbanned

gamblers,andwrotetohima“ceaseadmissions”the

medical/psychologicalnatureofproblemgamblingbehavior,thelettersaidthat

beforebeingreadmittedtothecasinohewouldhavetopresent

medical/psychologicalinformationdemonstratingthatpatronizingthecasinowould

posenothreattohissafetyorwell-being.

(42)________.

TheWallStreetJournalreportsthatthecasinohas24signswarning:“Enjoythe

fun...andalwaysbetwithyourhead,notoverit.”Everyentranceticketlistsa

toll-freenumberforcounselingfromtheIndianaDepartmentofMentalHealth.

Nevertheless,Williams’ssuitchargesthatthecasino,knowinghewas“helplessly

addictedtogambling,”intentionallyworkedto“lure”himto“engageinconduct

againsthiswill.”Well.

(43)________.

ThefourtheditionoftheDiagnosticandStatisticalManualofMentalDisorders

says“pathologicalgambling”involvespersistent,recurringanduncontrollable

pursuitlessofmoneythanofthrilloftakingrisksinquestofawindfall.

(44)________.Pushedbyscience,orwhatclaimstobescience,societyis

reclassifyingwhatoncewereconsideredcharacterflawsormoralfailingsas

personalitydisordersakintophysicaldisabilities.

(45)________.

Forty-fourstateshavelotteries,29havecasinos,andmostofthesestatesareto

varyingdegreesdependenton--youmightsayaddictedto--revenuesfrom

2006年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题46

精选

cethefirstInternetgamblingsitewascreatedin1995,competition

forgamblers’.28issueofNewsweekreported

that2milliongamblerspatronize1,$3.5billion

beinglostonInternetwagersthisyear,gamblinghaspassedpornographyasthe

Web’smostprofitablebusiness.

[A]Althoughnosuchevidencewaspresented,thecasino’smarketingdepartment

nteredthecasinoandusedhis

FunCardwithoutbeingdetected.

[B]Itisunclearwhatluringwasrequired,

whatsensewashiswilloperative?

[C]Bythetimehehadlost$5,000hesaidtohimselfthatifhecouldgetbackto

even,hthewon$5,500,buthedidnotquit.

[D]GamblinghasbeenacommonfeatureofAmericanlifeforever,butforalong

timeitwasbroadlyconsideredasin,sasocial

policy:themostimportantandaggressivepromoterofgamblinginAmericais

thegovernment.

[E]DavidWilliams’’tbetonit.

[F]Itisworrisomethatsocietyismedicalizingmoreandmorebehavioralproblems,

oftendefiningasaddictionswhatearlier,sternergenerationsexplainedas

weaknessofwill.

[G]Theanonymous,lonely,undistractednatureofonlinegamblingisespecially

nifthegovernmentknewhowto

moveagainstInternetgambling,whatwouldbeitsgroundsfordoingso?

PartC

Directions:

Readthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsinto

anslationshouldbewrittenclearlyonANSWERSHEET2.(10

points)

IsittruethattheAmericanintellectualisrejectedandconsideredofnoaccount

inhissociety?Bruckbergertoldpart

ofthestorywhenheobservedthatitistheintellectualswhohaverejectedAmerica.

vegrowndissatisfiedwiththeroleof

ey,notAmerica,whohavebecomeanti-intellectual.

First,anintellectual?46)I

shalldefinehimasanindividualwhohaselectedashisprimarydutyandpleasurein

lifetheactivityofthinkinginaSocratic(苏格拉底)

exploressuchproblemsconsciously,articulately,andfrankly,firstbyaskingfactual

questions,thenbyaskingmoralquestions,finallybysuggestingactionwhichseems

appropriateinthelightofthefactualandmoralinformationwhichhehasobtained.

47)Hisfunctionisanalogoustothatofajudge,whomustaccepttheobligationof

2006年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题47

精选

revealinginasobviousamanneraspossiblethecourseofreasoningwhichledhim

tohisdecision.

Thisdefinitionexcludesmanyindividualsusuallyreferredtoasintellectuals--

theaveragescientist,forone.48)Ihaveexcludedhimbecause,whilehis

accomplishmentsmaycontributetothesolutionofmoralproblems,hehasnotbeen

chargedwiththetaskofapproachinganybutthefactualaspectsofthoseproblems.

Likeotherhumanbeings,heencountersmoralissuesevenintheeveryday

performanceofhisroutineduties--heisnotsupposedtocookhisexperiments,

manufactureevidence,ordoctorhisreports.49)Buthisprimarytaskisnottothink

aboutthemoralcodewhichgovernshisactivity,anymorethanabusinessmanis

expectedtodedicatehisenergiestoanexplorationofrulesofconductinbusiness.

Duringmostofhiswakinglifehewilltakehiscodeforgranted,asthebusinessman

takeshisethics.

Thedefinitionalsoexcludesthemajorityofteachers,despitethefactthat

teachinghastraditionallybeenthemethodwherebymanyintellectualsearntheir

living.50)Theymayteachverywellandmorethanearntheirsalaries,butmostof

themmakelittleornoindependentreflectionsonhumanproblemswhichinvolve

learnedinsomebranchofhumanknowledgeisonething,livingin"publicand

illustriousthoughts,”asEmersonwouldsay,issomethingelse.

SectionIIIWriting

PartA

ions

YouwanttocontributetoProjectHopebyofferingfinancialaidtoachildina

lettertothedepartmentconcerned,askingthemtohelpfinda

uldspecifywhatkindofchildyouwanttohelpandhowyouwill

carryoutyourplan.

tneatlyonANSWER

SHEET2.

Donotsignyourownnameattheendoftheletter;use“LiMing”instead.

Donotwritetheaddress.(10points)

PartB

ions:

Studythefollowingphotoscarefullyandwriteanessayinwhichyoushould

bethephotosbriefly,

retthesocialphenomenonreflectedbythem,and

2006年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题48

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urpointofview.

Youshouldwrite160-200wordsneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.(20

points)

有两幅图片，图1把崇拜写在脸上；图2花300元做“小贝头”

注：Beckham是英国足球明星

有两张照片，一张照片上有一位男士脸上写着足球明星的名字，另一张照

片上有一个男子在理发，他要求理发师为他设计一个小贝克汉姆的发型。

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2006年考研英语真题答案

SectionI:UseofEnglish(10points)

1.[A]2.[B]3.[D]4.[A]5.[D]

6.[C]7.[B]8.[C]9.[A]10.[A]

11.[C]12.[B]13.[D]14.[C]15.[C]

16.[A]17.[B]18.[C]19.[A]20.[D]

SectionII:ReadingComprehension(60points)

PartA(40points)

21.[C]22.[A]23.[C]24.[D]25.[B]

26.[A]27.[B]28.[C]29.[D]30.[D]

31.[C]32.[A]33.[C]34.[D]35.[B]

36.[D]37.[B]38.[D]39.[B]40.[A]

PartB(10points)

41.[C]42.[A]43.[B]44.[F]45.[D]

PartC(10points)

46．我将他定义为一个对道德问题进行苏格拉底式思考并将此作为自己人生首

要责任和快乐的人。

47．他的职责与法官相似，必须承担这样的责任：用尽可能明了的方式来展示

自己做出决定的推理过程。

48．我之所以把他（普通科学家）排除在外，是因为尽管他的成果可能会有助

于解决道德问题，但他承担的任务只不过是研究这些问题的事实方面。

49．但是，他的首要任务并不是考虑支配自己行为的道德规范，就如同不能指

望商人专注于探索行业规范一样。

50．他们可以教得很好，而且不仅仅是为了挣薪水，但他们大多数人却很少或

没有对需要进行道德判断的、人的问题进行独立思考。

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2005年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题

SectionIUseofEnglish

Directions:

thebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmark

[A],[B],[C]or[D]onANSWERSHEET1(10points)10

areoftenthoughttobe

insensitivesmellerscomparedwithanimals,1thisislargelybecause,

2animals,ansthatournosesare3to

perceivingthosesmellswhichfloatthroughtheair,4themajorityofsmells

,5,weareextremelysensitivetosmells,

esarecapableof7human

smellsevenwhentheseare8tofarbelowonepartinonemillion.

Strangely,somepeoplefindthattheycansmellonetypeofflowerbutnot

another,ybe

becausesomepeopledonothavethegenesnecessarytogenerate10smell

eceptorsarethecellswhichsensesmellsandsend

r,ithasbeenfoundthatevenpeopleinsensitivetoa

certainsmell12Dcansuddenlybecomesensitivetoitwhen13toit

oftenenough.

Theexplanationforinsensitivitytosmellseemstobethatthebrainfindsit

14tokeepallsmellreceptorsworkingallthetimebutcan15new

y16explainwhywearenotusuallysensitive

toourownsmells—ot17oftheusual

smellofourownhouse,butwe18newsmellswhenwevisitsomeoneelse’s.

Thebrainfindsitbesttokeepsmellreceptors19forunfamiliarand

2005年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题51

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emergencysignals20thesmellofsmoke,whichmightindicatethedangerof

fire.

1.[A]although

[B]as

[C]but

[D]while

2.[A]above

[B]unlike

[C]excluding

[D]besides

3.[A]limited

[B]committed

[C]dedicated

[D]confined

4.[A]catching

[B]ignoring

[C]missing

[D]tracking

5.[A]anyway

[B]though

[C]instead

[D]therefore

6.[A]evenif

[B]ifonly

[C]onlyif

[D]asif

7.[A]distinguishing

[B]discovering

[C]determining

[D]detecting

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8.[A]diluted

[B]dissolved

[C]dispersed

[D]diffused

9.[A]when

[B]since

[C]for

[D]whereas

10.[A]unusual

[B]particular

[C]unique

[D]typical

11.[A]signs

[B]stimuli

[C]messages

[D]impulses

12.[A]atfirst

[B]atall

[C]atlarge

[D]attimes

13.[A]subjected

[B]left

[C]drawn

[D]exposed

14.[A]ineffective

[B]incompetent

[C]inefficient

[D]insufficient

15.[A]introduce

[B]summon

[C]trigger

2005年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题53

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[D]create

16.[A]still

[B]also

[C]otherwise

[D]nevertheless

17.[A]sure

[B]sick

[C]aware

[D]tired

18.[A]tolerate

[B]repel

[C]neglect

[D]notice

19.[A]available

[B]reliable

[C]identifiable

[D]suitable

20.[A]similarto

[B]suchas

[C]alongwith

[D]asidefrom

SectionIIReadingComprehension

PartA

Directions:

thequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosing[A],

[B],[C]uranswersonANSWERSHEET1(40points)

PartB

Directions:

Inthefollowingtext,stions41-45,

choosethemostsuitableonefromthelistA-Gtofitintoeachofthenumbered

retwoextrachoices,ur

2005年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题54

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answersonANSWERSHEET1.(10points)6

Canada’spremiers(theleadersofprovincialgovernments),iftheyhaveany

breathleftaftercomplainingaboutOttawaattheirlateJulyannualmeeting,might

spareamomenttodosomething,together,toreducehealth-carecosts.

They’reallgroaningaboutsoaringhealthbudgets,thefastest-growing

componentofwhicharepharmaceuticalcosts.

41.______

Whattodo?BoththeRomanowcommissionandtheKirbycommitteeon

healthcare--tosaynothingofreportsfromotherexperts--recommendedthe

dofeachprovincehavingitsownlistof

approveddrugs,bureaucracy,proceduresandlimitedbargainingpower,allwould

poolresources,workwithOttawa,andcreateanationalinstitution.

42.________

But“national”doesn’thavetomeanthat.“National”couldmean

interprovincial--provincescombiningeffortstocreateonebody.

Eitherway,onebenefitofa“national”organizationwouldbetonegotiatebetter

prices,ifpossible,dofhavingoneprovince--ora

seriesofhospitalswithinaprovince--negotiateapriceforagivendrugonthe

provinciallist,thenationalagencywouldnegotiateonbehalfofallprovinces.

Ratherthan,say,Quebec,negotiatingonbehalfofsevenmillionpeople,the

conomics

suggeststhegreaterthepotentialconsumers,thehigherthelikelihoodofabetter

price.

43._______

Asmallstephasbeentakeninthedirectionofanationalagencywiththe

creationoftheCanadianCo-ordinatingOfficeforHealthTechnologyAssessment,

t,aCommonDrugReview

tably,and

regrettably,Quebecrefusedtojoin.

(particularlyQuebecandAlberta)justwantOttawatoforkoveradditionalbillions

withfew,ifany,’sonereasonwhytheideaofanationallist

hasn’tgoneanywhere,whiledrugcostskeeprisingfast.

44._______

w’sreportselectively,especiallytheparts

stheyshouldreadwhathehadtosayaboutdrugs:

“Anationaldrugagencywouldprovidegovernmentsmoreinfluenceon

pharmaceuticalcompaniesinordertoconstraintheever-increasingcostofdrugs.”

45.______

SowhenthepremiersgatherinNiagaraFallstoassembletheirusualcomplaint

2005年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题55

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list,theyshouldalsogetcrackingaboutsomethingintheirjurisdictionthatwould

helptheirbudgetsandpatients.

[A]Quebec’

thefirstadvocatesforanationallistwasaresearcheratLavalUniversity.

Quebec’sDrugInsuranceFundhasseenitscostsskyrocketwithannual

increasesfrom14.3percentto26.8percent!

[B]’sreport:“thesubstantialbuyingpowerof

suchanagencywouldstrengthenthepublicprescription-druginsurance

planstonegotiatethelowestpossiblepurchasepricesfromdrug

companies.”

[C]Whatdoes“national”mean?RoyRomanowandSenatorMichaelKirby

recommendedafederal-provincialbodymuchliketherecentlycreated

NationalHealthCouncil.

[D]Theproblemissimpleandstark:health-carecostshavebeen,are,andwill

continuetoincreasefasterthangovernmentrevenues.

[E]AccordingtotheCanadianInstituteforHealthInformation,prescription

drugcostshaverisensince1997attwicetherateofoverallhealth-care

theincreasecomesfromdrugsbeingusedtoreplace

itarisesfromnewdrugscostingmore

itishigherprices.

[F]So,iftheprovinceswanttorunthehealth-careshow,theyshouldprovethey

canrunit,startingwithaninterprovincialhealthlistthatwouldend

duplication,saveadministrativecosts,preventoneprovincefrombeing

playedoffagainstanother,andbargainforbetterdrugprices.

[G]Ofcourse,kedivided

buyers;nusethethreatofremoving

nhopethat,ifoneprovince

includesadrugonitslist,thepressurewillcauseotherstoincludeiton

uldn’tlikeanationalagency,butself-interestwouldlead

themtodealwithit.

PartC

Directions:

Readthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsinto

anslationshouldbewrittenclearlyonANSWERSHEET2.(10

points)

Itisnoteasytotalkabouttheroleofthemassmediainthisoverwhelmingly

yandnewsbecomeconfused,andone’s

impressionstendtobeamixtureofskepticismandoptimism.46)Televisionisone

ofthemeansbywhichthesefeelingsarecreatedandconveyed--andperhapsnever

beforehasitservedsomuchtoconnectdifferentpeoplesandnationsasintherecent

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opethatisnowformingcannotbeanythingotherthanits

peoples,isinmindwecanbeginto

analyzetheEuropeantelevisionscene.47)InEurope,aselsewhere,multi-media

groupshavebeenincreasinglysuccessful:groupswhichbringtogethertelevision,

radio,newspapers,magazinesandpublishinghousesthatworkinrelationtoone

lianexamplewouldbetheBerlusconigroup,whileabroadMaxwell

andMurdochcometomind.

Clearly,onlythebiggestandmostflexibletelevisioncompaniesaregoingtobe

abletocompeteinsucharichandhotly-contestedmarket.48)Thisalone

demonstratesthatthetelevisionbusinessisnotaneasyworldtosurvivein,afact

underlinedbystatisticsthatshowthatoutofeightyEuropeantelevisionnetworks,no

lessthan50%tookalossin1989.

Moreover,theintegrationoftheEuropeancommunitywillobligetelevision

companiestocooperatemorecloselyintermsofbothproductionanddistribution.

49)Creatinga“Europeanidentity”thatrespectsthedifferentculturesand

traditionswhichgotomakeuptheconnectingfabricoftheOldContinentisnoeasy

taskanddemandsastrategicchoice--thatofproducingprogramsinEuropefor

tailsreducingourdependenceontheNorthAmericanmarket,whose

programsrelatetoexperiencesandculturaltraditionswhicharedifferentfromour

own.

Inordertoachievetheseobjectives,wemustconcentratemoreon

co-productions,theexchangeofnews,so

involvestheagreementsbetweenEuropeancountriesforthecreationofaEuropean

bankforTelevisionProductionwhich,onthemodeloftheEuropeanInvestments

Bank,willhandlethefinancesnecessaryforproductioncosts.50)Indealingwitha

challengeonsuchascale,itisnoexaggerationtosay“Unitedwestand,dividedwe

fall”--andifIhadtochooseasloganitwouldbe“Unityinourdiversity.”Aunityof

objectivesthatnonethelessrespectthevariedpeculiaritiesofeachcountry.

SectionIIIWriting

PartA

ions:

TwomonthsagoyougotajobasaneditorforthemagazineDesigns&

ideto

lettertoyourboss,,tellinghimyourdecision,statingyour

reason(s),andmakinganapology.

tneatlyonANSWER

SHEET2.

Donotsignyourownnameattheendoftheletter;use“LiMing”instead.

Youdonotneedtowritetheaddress.(10points)

2005年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题57

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PartB

ions:

essay,you

shouldfirstdescribethedrawing,theninterpretitsmeaning,andgiveyourcomment

onit.

YoushouldwriteneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.(20points)

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2005年考研英语真题答案

SectionI:UseofEnglish(10points)

1.[C]2.[B]3.[A]4.[C]5.[B]

6.[A]7.[D]8.[A]9.[D]10.[B]

11.[C]12.[A]13.[D]14.[C]15.[D]

16.[B]17.[C]18.[D]19.[A]20.[B]

SectionII:ReadingComprehension(60points)

PartA(40points)

21.[C]22.[B]23.[A]24.[C]25.[B]

26.[C]27.[D]28.[A]29.[D]30.[B]

31.[A]32.[C]33.[D]34.[D]35.[A]

36.[B]37.[D]38.[A]39.[B]40.[C]

PartB(10points)

41.[E]42.[C]43.[G]44.[F]45.[B]

PartC(10points)

46.电视是创造和传递感情的手段之一。也许在此之前，就加强不同的民族和

国家之间的联系而言，电视还从来没有像在最近的欧洲事件中起过如此大

的作用。

47.多媒体集团在欧洲就像在其他地方一样越来越成功了。这些集团把相互关

系密切的电视台、电台、报纸、杂志、出版社整合到了一起。

48.仅这一点就表明在电视行业不是一个容易生存的领域。这个事实通过统计

数字一目了然，统计表明在80家欧洲电视网中1989年出现亏损的不少于

50%。

49.创造一个尊重不同文化和传统的“欧洲统一体”绝非易事，需要战略性选

择。正是这些文化和传统组成了连接欧洲大陆的纽带。

50.在应付一个如此规模的挑战过程中，我们可以毫不夸张地说，“团结，我们

就会站起来；分裂，我们就会倒下去。”

SectionIII:Writing(30points)

PartA(10points)

51.参考范文

2004年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题59

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ALetter,toQuit

Jun22,2005

,

Firstofall,pleaseallowmetoexpressmydeepsorrytoyouformyresignation.

IdoknowthatthiswillbringaboutmuchtroubletoyousothatIwritetoyouformy

explanation.

nwith,thejobasaneditor

forthemagazineDesigns&’smore,Iam

,Iapologizefor

myresignationtoyou!

Iamlookingforwardtoyourearlyreply.

Sincerelyyours,

LiMing

PartB(20points)

2004年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题

SectionIListeningComprehension

SectionIIUseofEnglish

Directions:

thebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmark

[A],[B],[C]or[D]onANSWERSHEET1.(10points)

Manytheoriesconcerningthecausesofjuveniledelinquency(crimes

committedbyyoungpeople)focuseitherontheindividualoronsocietyasthemajor

es21ontheindividualsuggestthatchildren

engageincriminalbehavior22theywerenotsufficientlypenalizedfor

previousmisdeedsorthattheyhavelearnedcriminalbehaviorthrough23

esfocusingontheroleofsocietysuggestthatchildrencommit

crimesin24totheirfailuretoriseabovetheirsocioeconomicstatus,

25asarejectionofmiddle-classvalues.

Mosttheoriesofjuveniledelinquencyhavefocusedonchildrenfrom

disadvantagedfamilies,26thefactthatchildrenfromwealthyhomesalso

2004年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题60

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termaycommitcrimes27lackofadequateparental

ories,however,aretentativeandare28tocriticism.

Changesinthesocialstructuremayindirectly29juvenilecrimerates.

Forexample,changesintheeconomythat30tofewerjobopportunitiesfor

youthandrisingunemployment31makegainfulemploymentincreasingly

ultingdiscontentmayin32leadmoreyouthsinto

criminalbehavior.

miliesconsistof

one-parenthouseholdsortwoworkingparents;34,childrenarelikelytohave

lesssupervisionathome35wascommoninthetraditionalfamily36.

Thislackofparentalsupervisionisthoughttobeaninfluenceonjuvenilecrimerates.

Other37causesofoffensiveactsincludefrustrationorfailureinschool,the

increased38ofdrugsandalcohol,andthegrowing39ofchildabuse

seconditionstendtoincreasetheprobabilityofachild

committingacriminalact,40adirectcausalrelationshiphasnotyetbeen

established.

21.[A]acting

[B]relying

[C]centering

[D]commenting

22.[A]before

[B]unless

[C]until

[D]because

23.[A]interaction

[B]assimilation

[C]cooperation

2004年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题61

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[D]consultation

24.[A]return

[B]reply

[C]reference

[D]response

25.[A]or

[B]butrather

[C]but

[D]orelse

26.[A]considering

[B]ignoring

[C]highlighting

[D]discarding

27.[A]on

[B]in

[C]for

[D]with

28.[A]immune

[B]resistant

[C]sensitive

[D]subject

29.[A]affect

[B]reduce

[C]check

[D]reflect

30.[A]point

[B]lead

[C]come

[D]amount

31.[A]ingeneral

[B]onaverage

2004年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题62

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[C]bycontrast

[D]atlength

32.[A]case

[B]short

[C]turn

[D]essence

33.[A]survived

[B]noticed

[C]undertaken

[D]experienced

34.[A]contrarily

[B]consequently

[C]similarly

[D]simultaneously

35.[A]than

[B]that

[C]which

[D]as

36.[A]system

[B]structure

[C]concept

[D]heritage

37.[A]assessable

[B]identifiable

[C]negligible

[D]incredible

38.[A]expense

[B]restriction

[C]allocation

[D]availability

39.[A]incidence

2004年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题63

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[B]awareness

[C]exposure

[D]popularity

40.[A]provided

[B]since

[C]although

[D]supposing

SectionIIIReadingComprehension

PartA

Directions:

thequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosing[A],

[B],[C]or[D].MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(40points)

PartB

Directions:

Readthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsinto

anslationshouldbewrittenclearlyonANSWERSHEET2.(10

points)

Therelationoflanguageandmindhasinterestedphilosophersformany

centuries.61)TheGreeksassumedthatthestructureoflanguagehadsome

connectionwiththeprocessofthought,whichtookrootinEuropelongbefore

peoplerealizedhowdiverselanguagescouldbe.

Onlyrecentlydidlinguistsbegintheseriousstudyoflanguagesthatwerevery

hropologist-linguists,FranzBoasandEdwardSapir,

werepioneersindescribingmanynativelanguagesofNorthandSouthAmerica

duringthefirsthalfofthetwentiethcentury.62)Weareobligedtothembecause

someoftheselanguageshavesincevanished,asthepeopleswhospokethemdied

inguistsinthe

earlierpartofthiscentury,however,whowerelesseagertodealwithbizarredata

from“exotic”language,werenotalwayssograteful.63)Thenewlydescribed

languageswereoftensostrikinglydifferentfromthewellstudiedlanguagesof

EuropeandSoutheastAsiathatsomescholarsevenaccusedBoasandSapirof

Americanlanguagesareindeeddifferent,somuchsoin

factthatNavajocouldbeusedbytheUSmilitaryasacodeduringWorldWarIIto

sendsecretmessages.

Sapir’spupil,BenjaminLeeWhorf,continuedthestudyofAmericanIndian

languages.64)Beinginterestedintherelationshipoflanguageandthought,Whorf

2004年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题64

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developedtheideathatthestructureoflanguagedeterminesthestructureofhabitual

onedthatbecauseitiseasiertoformulatecertain

conceptsandnotothersinagivenlanguage,thespeakersofthatlanguagethink

alongonetrackandnotalonganother.65)Whorfcametobelieveinasortof

linguisticdeterminismwhich,initsstrongestform,statesthatlanguageimprisons

themind,andthatthegrammaticalpatternsinalanguagecanproducefar-reaching

,thisideabecametobeknownasthe

Sapir-Whorfhypothesis,ghboth

SapirandWhorfemphasizedthediversityoflanguages,Sapirhimselfnever

explicitlysupportedthenotionoflinguisticdeterminism.

61.________

62.________

63.________

64.________

65.________

SectionIVWriting

ions:

Studythefollowingdrawingcarefullyandwriteanessayinwhichyoushould

1)describethedrawing,

2)interpretitsmeaning,and

3)supportyourviewwithexamples.

Youshouldwriteabout200wordsneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.(20points)

2004年考研英语真题答案65

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2004年考研英语真题答案

SectionI:ListeningComprehension(20points)

PartA(5points)

er5.22

PartB(5points)

6.A(technology)forecaster;

mentagencies;

8.(A)meaningful(exercise);

change;

ndcooperation.

PartC(10points)

11.[D]12.[B]13.[C]14.[D]15.[A]

16.[C]17.[B]18.[A]19.[A]20.[C]

SectionII:UseofEnglish(10points)

21.[C]22.[D]23.[A]24.[D]25.[A]

26.[B]27.[C]28.[D]29.[A]30.[B]

31.[A]32.[C]33.[D]34.[B]35.[A]

36.[B]37.[B]38.[D]39.[A]40.[C]

SectionIII:ReadingComprehension(50points)

PartA(40points)

41.[C]42.[A]43.[D]44.[B]45.[C]

46.[A]47.[D]48.[C]49.[B]50.[D]

51.[D]52.[A]53.[B]54.[A]55.[C]

56.[C]57.[A]58.[D]59.[B]60.[C]

PartB(10points)

61.希腊人认为,语言结构与思维过程之间存在着某种联系。这一观点在人们

尚未认识到语言的千差万别以前就早已在欧洲扎下了根。

62.我们之所有感激他们(两位先驱),是因为在此之后,这些(土著)语言中

有一些已经不复存在了,这是由于说这些语言的部族或是消亡了,或是被

同化而丧失了自己的本族语言。

63.这些新近被描述的语言与已经得到充分研究的欧洲和东南亚地区的语言往

往差别显著,以至于有些学者甚至指责Boas和Sapir编造了材料。

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对语言与思维的关系很感兴趣,逐渐形成了这样的观点：在一个社会

中,语言的结构决定习惯思维的结构。

进而相信某种类似语言决定论的观点,其极端说法是：语言禁锢思维,

语言的语法结构能对一个社会的文化产生深远的影响。

SectionIV:Writing(20points)

2003年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题

SectionIListeningComprehension

SectionIIUseofEnglish

Directions:

thebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmark

[A],[B],[C]or[D]onANSWERSHEET1.(10points)

Teachersneedtobeawareoftheemotional,intellectual,andphysicalchanges

yalsoneedtogiveserious21tohow

gbodiesneedmovementand

23,butnotjustinwaysthatemphasizecompetition.24theyare

adjustingtotheirnewbodiesandawholehostofnewintellectualandemotional

challenges,teenagersareespeciallyself-consciousandneedthe25that

comesfromachievingsuccessandknowingthattheiraccomplishmentsare

r,thetypicalteenagelifestyleisalreadyfilledwithso

muchcompetitionthatitwouldbe27toplanactivitiesinwhichthereare

morewinnersthanlosers,28,publishingnewsletterswithmany

student-writtenbookreviews,29studentartwork,andsponsoringbook

tyofsmallclubscanprovide30opportunitiesfor

leadership,friends

isextremelyimportanttoteenagers,andmanyshystudentsneedthe32of

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somekindoforganizationwithasupportiveadult33visibleinthe

background.

Intheseactivities,itisimportanttorememberthattheyoungteenshave

tyofactivitiesshouldbeorganized35

participantscanremainactiveaslongastheywantandthengoonto36else

es

notmeanthatadultsmustacceptirresponsibility.38,theycanhelpstudents

acquireasenseofcommitmentby39forrolesthatarewithintheir40

andtheirattentionspansandbyhavingclearlystatedrules.

21.[A]thought

[B]idea

[C]opinion

[D]advice

22.[A]strengthen

[B]accommodate

[C]stimulate

[D]enhance

23.[A]care

[B]nutrition

[C]exercise

[D]leisure

24.[A]If

[B]Although

[C]Whereas

[D]Because

25.[A]assistance

[B]guidance

[C]confidence

[D]tolerance

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26.[A]claimed

[B]admired

[C]ignored

[D]surpassed

27.[A]improper

[B]risky

[C]fair

[D]wise

28.[A]ineffect

[B]asaresult

[C]forexample

[D]inasense

29.[A]displaying

[B]describing

[C]creating

[D]exchanging

30.[A]durable

[B]excessive

[C]surplus

[D]multiple

31.[A]group

[B]individual

[C]personnel

[D]corporation

32.[A]consent

[B]insurance

[C]admission

[D]security

33.[A]particularly

[B]barely

[C]definitely

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[D]rarely

34.[A]similar

[B]long

[C]different

[D]short

35.[A]ifonly

[B]nowthat

[C]sothat

[D]evenif

36.[A]everything

[B]anything

[C]nothing

[D]something

37.[A]off

[B]down

[C]out

[D]alone

38.[A]Onthecontrary

[B]Ontheaverage

[C]Onthewhole

[D]Ontheotherhand

39.[A]making

[B]standing

[C]planning

[D]taking

40.[A]capabilities

[B]responsibilities

[C]proficiency

[D]efficiency

SectionIIIReadingComprehension

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PartA

PartB

Directions:

Readthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsinto

anslationshouldbewrittenclearlyonANSWERSHEET2.(10

points)

Humanbeingsinalltimesandplacesthinkabouttheirworldandwonderat

arethoughtfulandcreative,possessedofinsatiable

curiosity.61)Furthermore,humanshavetheabilitytomodifytheenvironmentin

whichtheylive,thussubjectingallotherlifeformstotheirownpeculiarideasand

ore,itisimportanttostudyhumansinalltheirrichnessanddiversity

inacalmandsystematicmanner,withthehopethattheknowledgeresultingfrom

suchstudiescanleadhumanstoamoreharmoniouswayoflivingwiththemselves

andwithallotherlifeformsonthisplanetEarth.

“Anthropology”derivesfromtheGreekwordsanthropos:“human”andlogos

“thestudyof.”Byitsveryname,anthropologyencompassesthestudyofall

humankind.

Anthropologyisoneofthesocialsciences.62)Socialscienceisthatbranchof

intellectualenquirywhichseekstostudyhumansandtheirendeavorsinthesame

reasoned,orderly,systematic,anddispassionedmannerthatnaturalscientistsusefor

thestudyofnaturalphenomena.

Socialsciencedisciplinesincludegeography,economics,politicalscience,

psychology,thesesocialscienceshasasubfieldor

specializationwhichliesparticularlyclosetoanthropology.

pologyisa

field-studyorienteddisciplinewhichmakesextensiveuseofthecomparativemethod

inanalysis.63)Theemphasisondatagatheredfirst-hand,combinedwitha

cross-culturalperspectivebroughttotheanalysisofculturespastandpresent,makes

thisstudyauniqueanddistinctlyimportantsocialscience.

ard

Tylor’sformulationoftheconceptofculturewasoneofthegreatintellectual

achievementsof19thcenturyscience.64)Tylordefinedcultureas“…thatcomplex

wholewhichincludesbelief,art,morals,law,custom,andanyothercapabilitiesand

habitsacquiredbymanasamemberofsociety.”Thisinsight,soprofoundinits

simplicity,openedupanentirelynewwayofperceivingandunderstandinghuman

itwithinTylor’sdefinitionistheconceptthatcultureislearned,shared,

andpatternedbehavior.

65)Thus,theanthropologicalconceptof“culture,”liketheconceptof“set”in

mathematics,isanabstractconceptwhichmakespossibleimmenseamountsof

concreteresearchandunderstanding.

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SectionIVWriting

ions:

Studythefollowingsetofdrawingscarefullyandwriteanessayinwhichyoushould

1)describethesetofdrawings,interpretitsmeaning,and

2)pointoutitsimplicationsinourlife.

Youshouldwriteabout200wordsneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.(20points)

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SectionI:ListeningComprehension(20points)

PartA(5points)

es4.19,ts

PartB(5points)

6.(thecouple)themselves

uctively

fiedpsychologist

tentions

e

PartC(10points)

11.[D]12.[A]13.[D]14.[B]15.[C]

16.[B]17.[B]18.[C]19.[A]20.[D]

SectionII:UseofEnglish(10points)

21.[A]22.[B]23.[C]24.[D]25.[C]

26.[B]27.[D]28.[C]29.[A]30.[D]

31.[A]32.[D]33.[B]34.[D]35.[C]

36.[D]37.[B]38.[A]39.[C]40.[A]

SectionIII:ReadingComprehension(50points)

PartA(40points)

41.[B]42.[A]43.[C]44.[D]45.[B]

46.[A]47.[B]48.[B]49.[A]50.[D]

51.[C]52.[D]53.[C]54.[B]55.[A]

56.[C]57.[A]58.[B]59.[D]60.[C]

PartB(10points)

61.而且，人类还有能力改变自己的生存环境，从而是让所有其它形态的生命

服从人类自己独特的想法和想象。

62.社会科学是知识探索的一个分支，它力图像自然科学家研究自然现象那样，

用理性的、有序的、系统的和冷静的方式研究人类及其行为。

63.强调收集第一手资料，加上在分析过去和现在文化形态时采用跨文化视角，

使得这一研究成为一门独特并且非常重要的社会科学。

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64.泰勒把文化定义为“……一个复合整体，它包括人作为社会成员所获得的

信仰、艺术、道德、法律、风俗以及其它能力和习惯”。

65.因此，人类学中“文化”概念就像数学中“集”的概念一样，是一个抽象

概念，它使大量的具体研究和认识成为可能。

SectionIV:Writing(20points)

2002年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题

全国硕士研究生入学考试英语试题(一)

SectionIListeningComprehension

SectionIIUseofEnglish

Directions:

thebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmark

[A],[B],[C]or[D]onANSWERSHEET1.(10points)

Comparisonsweredrawnbetweenthedevelopmentoftelevisioninthe20th

hhad

iscussedbefore,itwasnot22the19thcentury

thatthenewspaperbecamethedominantpre-electronic23,followinginthe

duringthesametimethatthecommunicationsrevolution25up,beginning

withtransport,therailway,andleading26throughthetelegraph,the

telephone,radio,andmotionpictures27the20th-centuryworldofthemotor

portantto

doso.

Itisgenerallyrecognized,29,thattheintroductionofthecomputerin

theearly20thcentury,30bytheinventionoftheintegratedcircuitduringthe

1960s,radicallychangedtheprocess,31itsimpactonthemediawasnot

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wentby,computersbecamesmallerandmore

powerful,andtheybecame“personal”too,aswellas33,withdisplay

rethoughtof,like

people,35generations,withthedistancebetweengenerationsmuch

36.

Itwaswithinthecomputeragethattheterm“informationsociety”begantobe

communicationsrevolutionhas38bothworkandleisureandhowwethink

andfeelbothaboutplaceandtime,buttherehavebeen39viewsaboutits

economic,political,socialandculturalimplications.“Benefits”havebeenweighed

40“harmful”eralizationshaveproveddifficult.

21.[A]between

[B]before

[C]since

[D]later

22.[A]after

[B]by

[C]during

[D]until

23.[A]means

[B]method

[C]medium

[D]measure

24.[A]process

[B]company

[C]light

[D]form

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25.[A]gathered

[B]speeded

[C]worked

[D]picked

26.[A]on

[B]out

[C]over

[D]off

27.[A]of

[B]for

[C]beyond

[D]into

28.[A]concept

[B]dimension

[C]effect

[D]perspective

29.[A]indeed

[B]hence

[C]however

[D]therefore

30.[A]brought

[B]followed

[C]stimulated

[D]characterized

31.[A]unless

[B]since

[C]lest

[D]although

32.[A]apparent

[B]desirable

[C]negative

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[D]plausible

33.[A]institutional

[B]universal

[C]fundamental

[D]instrumental

34.[A]ability

[B]capability

[C]capacity

[D]faculty

35.[A]bymeansof

[B]intermsof

[C]withregardto

[D]inlinewith

36.[A]deeper

[B]fewer

[C]nearer

[D]smaller

37.[A]context

[B]range

[C]scope

[D]territory

38.[A]regarded

[B]impressed

[C]influenced

[D]effected

39.[A]competitive

[B]controversial

[C]distracting

[D]irrational

40.[A]above

[B]upon

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[C]against

[D]with

SectionIIIReadingComprehension

PartA

Directions:

thequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosing[A],

[B],[C]or[D].MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(40points)

PartB

Directions:

Readthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsinto

anslationshouldbewrittenclearlyonANSWERSHEET2.(10

points)

Almostallourmajorproblemsinvolvehumanbehavior,andtheycannotbe

neededisatechnology

ofbehavior,butwehavebeenslowtodevelopthesciencefromwhichsucha

technologymightbedrawn.61)Onedifficultyisthatalmostallofwhatiscalled

behavioralsciencecontinuestotracebehaviortostatesofmind,feelings,traitsof

character,humannature,sandbiologyoncefollowedsimilar

practicesandadvancedonlywhentheydiscardedthem.62)Thebehavioralsciences

havebeenslowtochangepartlybecausetheexplanatoryitemsoftenseemtobe

directlyobservedandpartlybecauseotherkindsofexplanationshavebeenhardto

ironmentisobviouslyimportant,

doesnotpushorpull,itselects,andthisfunctionisdifficulttodiscoverandanalyze.

63)Theroleofnaturalselectioninevolutionwasformulatedonlyalittlemorethana

hundredyearsago,andtheselectiveroleoftheenvironmentinshapingand

maintainingthebehavioroftheindividualisonlybeginningtoberecognizedand

nteractionbetweenorganismandenvironmenthascometobe

understood,however,effectsonceassignedtostatesofmind,feelings,andtraitsare

beginningtobetracedtoaccessibleconditions,andatechnologyofbehaviormay

notsolveourproblems,however,untilitreplaces

traditionalprescientificviews,mand

dignityillustratethedifficulty.64)Theyarethepossessionsoftheautonomous

(self-governing)manoftraditionaltheory,andtheyareessentialtopracticesin

whichapersonisheldresponsibleforhisconductandgivencreditforhis

tificanalysisshiftsboththeresponsibilityandtheachievement

raisesquestionsconcerning“values.”Whowillusea

technologyandtowhatends?65)Untiltheseissuesareresolved,atechnologyof

behaviorwillcontinuetoberejected,andwithitpossiblytheonlywaytosolveour

problems.

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SectionIVWriting

ions:

Studythefollowingpicturecarefullyandwriteanessayentitled“Cultures--

NationalandInternational”.

Intheessayyoushould

1)describethepictureandinterpretitsmeaning,and

2)giveyourcommentonthephenomenon.

Youshouldwriteabout200wordsneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.(20

points)

AnAmericangirlintraditionalChinesecostume(服装)

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SectionI:ListeningComprehension(20points)

PartA(5points)

ons5.1954

PartB(5points)

men/cameramen

nalvisit

sed

dvertisements

rmaction

PartC(10points)

11.[D]12.[B]13.[C]14.[D]15.[B]

16.[A]17.[A]18.[D]19.[C]20.[B]

SectionII:UseofEnglish(10points)

21.[A]22.[D]23.[C]24.[B]25.[B]

26.[A]27.[D]28.[D]29.[C]30.[B]

31.[D]32.[A]33.[A]34.[C]35.[B]

36.[D]37.[A]38.[C]39.[B]40.[C]

SectionIII:ReadingComprehension(50points)

PartA(40points)

41.[C]42.[B]43.[D]44.[D]45.[A]

46.[C]47.[C]48.[D]49.[B]50.[C]

51.[B]52.[D]53.[D]54.[A]55.[A]

56.[B]57.[C]58.[B]59.[A]60.[D]

PartB(10points)

61.难题在于所谓的行为科学几乎全都依然从心态、情感、性格特征、人性等

方面去寻找行为的根源。

62.行为科学之所以发展缓慢，部分原因是用来解释行为的依据似乎往往是直

接观察到的，部分原因是其他的解释方式一直难以找到。

63.自然选择在进化中的作用仅在一百多年前才得以阐明，而环境在塑造和保

持个体行为时的选择作用则刚刚开始被认识和研究。

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64.自由和尊严(它们)是传统理论定义的自主人所拥有的，是要求一个人对

自己的行为负责并因其业绩而给予肯定的必不可少的前提。

65.(如果)这些问题得不到解决，研究行为的技术手段就会继续受到排斥，解

决问题的唯一方式可能也随之继续受到排斥。

2001年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题

SectionIStructureandVocabulary

SectionIIClozeTest

Directions:

Foreachnumberedblankinthefollowingpassage,therearefourchoicesmarked

[A],[B],[C]and[D].ChoosethebestoneandmarkyouransweronANSWER

SHEET1byblackeningthecorrespondingletterinthebracketswithapencil.(10

points)

Thegovernmentistobanpaymentstowitnessesbynewspapersseekingtobuy

uppeopleinvolvedinprominentcases31thetrialofRosemaryWest.

Inasignificant32oflegalcontrolsoverthepress,LordIrvine,theLord

Chancellor,willintroducea33billthatwillproposemakingpaymentsto

witnesses34andwillstrictlycontroltheamountof35thatcanbe

giventoacase36atrialbegins.

InalettertoGeraldKaufman,chairmanoftheHouseofCommonsMedia

SelectCommittee,LordIrvinesaidhe37withacommitteereportthisyear

whichsaidthatselfregulationdidnot38sufficientcontrol.

39ofthelettercametwodaysafterLordIrvinecauseda40of

mediaprotestwhenhesaidthe41ofprivacycontrolscontainedinEuropean

legislationwouldbelefttojudges42toParliament.

TheLordChancellorsaidintroductionoftheHumanRightsBill,which

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43theEuropeanConventiononHumanRightslegally44inBritain,

laiddownthateverybodywas45toprivacyandthatpublicfigurescouldgo

tocourttoprotectthemselvesandtheirfamilies.

“Pressfreedomswillbeinsafehands46ourBritishjudges,”hesaid.

Witnesspaymentsbecamean47afterWestwassentencedto10life

19witnesseswere48tohavereceivedpaymentsfor

nswereraised49witnessesmight

beencouragedtoexaggeratetheirstoriesincourtto50guiltyverdicts.

31.[A]asto

[B]forinstance

[C]inparticular

[D]suchas

32.[A]tightening

[B]intensifying

[C]focusing

[D]fastening

33.[A]sketch

[B]rough

[C]preliminary

[D]draft

34.[A]illogical

[B]illegal

[C]improbable

[D]improper

35.[A]publicity

[B]penalty

[C]popularity

[D]peculiarity

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36.[A]since

[B]if

[C]before

[D]as

37.[A]sided

[B]shared

[C]complied

[D]agreed

38.[A]present

[B]offer

[C]manifest

[D]indicate

39.[A]Release

[B]Publication

[C]Printing

[D]Exposure

40.[A]storm

[B]rage

[C]flare

[D]flash

41.[A]translation

[B]interpretation

[C]exhibition

[D]demonstration

42.[A]betterthan

[B]otherthan

[C]ratherthan

[D]soonerthan

43.[A]changes

[B]makes

[C]sets

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[D]turns

44.[A]binding

[B]convincing

[C]restraining

[D]sustaining

45.[A]authorized

[B]credited

[C]entitled

[D]qualified

46.[A]with

[B]to

[C]from

[D]by

47.[A]impact

[B]incident

[C]inference

[D]issue

48.[A]stated

[B]remarked

[C]said

[D]told

49.[A]what

[B]when

[C]which

[D]that

50.[A]assure

[B]confide

[C]ensure

[D]guarantee

SectionIIIReadingComprehension

Directions:

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hquestionthere

arefouranswersmarked[A],[B],[C]and[D].Readthepassagescarefullyand

rkyouransweron

ANSWERSHEET1byblackeningthecorrespondingletterinthebracketswitha

pencil.(40points)

SectionIVEnglish-ChineseTranslation

Directions:

Readthefollowingpassagecarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsentencesinto

anslationmustbewrittenneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.(15

points)

Inlessthan30years’links

betweenthebrain’snervoussystemandacomputerwillalsocreatefullsensory

virtualenvironments,allowingvirtualvacationslikethoseinthefilmTotalRecall.

71)Therewillbetelevisionchatshowshostedbyrobots,andcarswith

pollutionmonitorsthatwilldisablethemwhentheyoffend.72)Childrenwillplay

withdollsequippedwithpersonalitychips,computerswithin-builtpersonalitieswill

beregardedasworkmatesratherthantools,relaxationwillbeinfrontof

smell-television,anddigitalagewillhavearrived.

AccordingtoBT’sfuturologist,IanPearson,theseareamongthedevelopments

scheduledforthefirstfewdecadesofthenewmillennium(aperiodof1,000years),

whensupercomputerswilldramaticallyaccelerateprogressinallareasoflife.

73)Pearsonhaspiecedtogethertheworkofhundredsofresearchersaroundthe

worldtoproduceauniquemillenniumtechnologycalendarthatgivesthelatestdates

whenwecanexpecthundredsofkeybreakthroughsanddiscoveriestotakeplace.

Someofthebiggestdevelopmentswillbeinmedicine,includinganextendedlife

expectancyanddozensofartificialorganscomingintousebetweennowand2040.

Pearsonalsopredictsabreakthroughincomputer-humanlinks.“Bylinking

directlytoournervoussystem,computerscouldpickupwhatwefeeland,hopefully,

simulatefeelingtoosothatwecanstarttodevelopfullsensoryenvironments,rather

liketheholidaysinTotalRecallortheStarTrekholodeck,”hesays.74)Butthat,

Pearsonpointsout,isonlythestartofman-machineintegration:“Itwillbethe

beginningofthelongprocessofintegrationthatwillultimatelyleadtoafully

electronichumanbeforetheendofthenextcentury.”

Throughhisresearch,Pearsonisabletoputdatestomostofthebreakthroughs

r,therearestillnoforecastsforwhenfaster-than-light

travelwillbeavailable,orwhenhumancloningwillbeperfected,orwhentime

oesexpectsocialproblemsasaresultof

nneighborhoodsurveillancecameraswill,for

example,causeproblemsin2010,whilethearrivalofsyntheticlifelikerobotswill

meanpeoplemaynotbeabletodistinguishbetweentheirhumanfriendsandthe

droids.75)Andhomeapplianceswillalsobecomesosmartthatcontrollingand

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operatingthemwillresultinthebreakoutofanewpsychologicaldisorder--kitchen

rage.

SectionVWriting

ions:

Amongalltheworthyfeelingsofmankind,loveisprobablythenoblest,but

everyonehashis/herownunderstandingofit.

nessay

tothenewspaperto

1)showyourunderstandingofthesymbolicmeaningofthepicturebelow,

2)giveaspecificexample,and

3)giveyoursuggestionastothebestwaytoshowlove.

Youshouldwriteabout200wordsonANSWERSHEET2.(20points)

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2001年考研英语真题答案

SectionI:StructureandVocabulary(15points)

PartA(5points)

1.[C]2.[B]3.[D]4.[A]5.[B]

6.[D]7.[D]8.[A]9.[C]10.[A]

PartB(10points)

11.[B]12.[A]13.[B]14.[C]15.[C]

16.[C]17.[D]18.[A]19.[C]20.[B]

21.[D]22.[C]23.[B]24.[A]25.[C]

26.[A]27.[D]28.[B]29.[B]30.[D]

SectionII:ClozeText(10points)

31.[D]32.[A]33.[D]34.[B]35.[A]

36.[C]37.[D]38.[B]39.[B]40.[A]

41.[B]42.[C]43.[B]44.[A]45.[C]

46.[A]47.[D]48.[C]49.[D]50.[C]

SectionIII:ReadingComprehension(40points)

51.[D]52.[B]53.[A]54.[C]55.[C]

56.[A]57.[D]58.[A]59.[B]60.[D]

61.[C]62.[A]63.[C]64.[A]65.[D]

66.[B]67.[B]68.[B]69.[C]70.[D]

SectionIV:English-ChineseTranslation(15points)

71.届时，将出现由机器人主持的电视谈话节目以及装有污染监控器的汽车，

一旦这些汽车排污超标(违规)，监控器就会使其停驶。

72.儿童将与装有个性化芯片的玩具娃娃玩耍，具有个性内置的计算机将被视

为工作伙伴而不是工具，人们将在气味电视机前休闲，届时数字体时代就

来到了。

73.皮尔森汇集世界各地数百位研究人员的成果，编制了一个独特的新技术千

年历，它列出了人们有望看到数百项重大突破和发现的最迟日期。

74.但皮尔森指出，这个突破仅仅是人机一体化的开始：“它是人机一体化漫长

之路的第一步，最终会使人们在下世纪末之前就研制出完全电子化的仿真

人。”

75.家用电器将会变得如此智能化，以至于控制和操作它们会引发一种新的心

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理疾病--厨房狂躁。

SectionV:Writing(20points)

2000年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题

SectionIStructureandVocabulary

SectionIIClozeTest

Directions:

Foreachnumberedblankinthefollowingpassage,therearefourchoicesmarked

[A],[B],[C]and[D].ChoosethebestoneandmarkyouransweronANSWER

SHEET1byblackeningthecorrespondingletterinthebracketswithapencil.(10

points)

Ifafarmerwishestosucceed,hemusttrytokeepawidegapbetweenhis

storealargequantityofgrain41

ontinuetosupporthimselfandhis

usethissurplusinthreeways:as

seedforsowing,asaninsurance43theunpredictableeffectsofbadweather

andasacommoditywhichhemustsellinorderto44oldagricultural

lsoneed

surplusisavailable,eithersellsomeofhis

llyhewilltryto

borrowmoneyatalow49ofinterest,butloansofthiskindarenot50

obtainable.

41.[A]otherthan

[B]aswellas

[C]insteadof

[D]morethan

2000年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题88

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42.[A]onlyif

[B]muchas

[C]longbefore

[D]eversince

43.[A]for

[B]against

[C]of

[D]towards

44.[A]replace

[B]purchase

[C]supplement

[D]dispose

45.[A]enhance

[B]mix

[C]feed

[D]raise

46.[A]vessels

[B]routes

[C]paths

[D]channels

47.[A]self-confident

[B]self-sufficient

[C]self-satisfied

[D]self-restrained

48.[A]search

[B]save

[C]offer

[D]seek

49.[A]proportion

[B]percentage

[C]rate

2000年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题89

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[D]ratio

50.[A]genuinely

[B]obviously

[C]presumably

[D]frequently

SectionIIIReadingComprehension

Directions:

hquestionthere

arefouranswersmarked[A],[B],[C]and[D].Readthepassagescarefullyand

rkyouransweron

ANSWERSHEET1byblackeningthecorrespondingletterinthebracketswitha

pencil.(40points)

SectionIVEnglish-ChineseTranslation

Directions:

Readthefollowingpassagecarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsentencesinto

anslationmustbewrittenclearlyonANSWERSHEET2.(15

points)

Governmentsthroughouttheworldactontheassumptionthatthewelfareof

theirpeopledependslargelyontheeconomicstrengthandwealthofthecommunity.

71)Undermodernconditions,thisrequiresvaryingmeasuresofcentralizedcontrol

andhencethehelpofspecializedscientistssuchaseconomistsandoperational

researchexperts.72)Furthermore,itisobviousthatthestrengthofacountry’s

economyisdirectlyboundupwiththeefficiencyofitsagricultureandindustry,and

thatthis

alsomeansthatgovernmentsareincreasinglycompelledtointerfereinthe ctors

inord

example,theymayencourageresearchinvariousways,includingthesettingupof

theirownresearchcenters;theymayalterthestructureofeducation,orinterferein

ordertoreducethewastageofnaturalresourcesortapresourceshithertounexploited;

ortheymaycooperatedirectlyinthegrowingnumberofinternationalprojects

relatedtoscience,ase,allsuchinterventionsare

heavilydependentonscientificadviceandalsoscientificandtechnological

manpowerofallkinds.

73)Owingtotheremarkabledevelopmentinmass-communications,people

everywherearefeelingnewwantsandarebeingexposedtonewcustomsandideas,

whilegovernmentsareoftenforcedtointroducestillfurtherinnovationsforthe

ametime,thenormalrateofsocialchangethroughout

th

2000年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题90

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example,74)intheearlyindustrializedcountriesofEuropetheprocessof

industrialization--withallthefar-reachingchangesinsocialpatternsthatfollowed

--wasspreadovernearlyacentury,whereasnowadaysadevelopingnationmay

shastheeffectofbuildingup

unusualpressuresandtensionswithinthecommunityandconsequentlypresents

seriousproblemsforthegovernmentsconcerned.75)Additionalsocialstressesmay

alsooccurbecauseofthepopulationexplosionorproblemsarisingfrommass

migrationmovements--themselvesmaderelativelyeasynowadaysbymodern

ultofallthesefactors,governmentsarebecoming

increasinglydependentonbiologistsandsocialscientistsforplanningthe

appropriateprogramsandputtingthemintoeffect.

SectionVWriting

ions:

[A]Studythefollowingtwopicturescarefullyandwriteanessayofatleast150

words.

[B]YouressaymustbewrittenneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.(15points)

[C]Youressayshouldmeettherequirementsbelow:

bethepictures.

thepurposeofthedrawerinthepictures.

tcounter-measures.

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2000年考研英语真题答案

SectionI:StructureandVocabulary(20points)

PartA(5points)

1.[A]2.[B]3.[D]4.[A]5.[C]

6.[C]7.[A]8.[B]9.[D]10.[C]

PartB(5points)

11.[A]12.[D]13.[C]14.[D]15.[C]

16.[D]17.[B]18.[A]19.[B]20.[D]

PartC(5points)

21.[B]22.[D]23.[C]24.[A]25.[D]

26.[A]27.[C]28.[D]29.[A]30.[B]

31.[B]32.[A]33.[B]34.[D]35.[C]

36.[A]37.[A]38.[D]39.[B]40.[C]

PartII:ClozeTest(10points)

41.[C]42.[A]43.[B]44.[A]45.[C]

46.[D]47.[B]48.[D]49.[C]50.[D]

SectionIII:ReadingComprehension(40points)

51.[C]52.[D]53.[B]54.[A]55.[C]

56.[B]57.[A]58.[D]59.[B]60.[A]

61.[C]62.[D]63.[B]64.[D]65.[C]

66.[A]67.[A]68.[C]69.[D]70.[B]

SectionIV:English-ChineseTranslation(15points)

71.在现代条件下，这需要程度不同的中央控制，从而就需要获得诸如经济学

和运筹学等领域专家的协助。

72.再者，显而易见的是一个国家的经济实力与其工农业生产效率密切相关，

而效率的提高则又有赖于各种科技人员的努力。

73.大众通讯的显著发展使各地的人们不断感到有新的需求，不断接触到新的

习俗和思想，由于上述原因，政府常常得推出更多的革新。

74.在先期实现工业化的欧洲国家中，其工业化进程以及随之而来的各种深刻

的社会结构变革，持续了大约一个世纪之久，而如今一个发展中国家在十

年左右就可能完成这个过程。

1999年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题92

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75.由于人口的猛增或大量人口流动(现代交通工具使这种流动相对容易)造

成的种种问题也会对社会造成新的压力。

SectionV:Writing(15points)

1999年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题

SectionIStructureandVocabulary

SectionIIClozeTest

Directions:

Foreachnumberedblankinthefollowingpassage,therearefourchoicesmarked

[A],[B],[C]and[D].ChoosethebestoneandmarkyouransweronANSWER

SHEET1byblackeningthecorrespondingletterinthebracketswithapencil.(10

points)

ies41lowaccidentrates

plantheirsafetyprograms,workhardtoorganizethem,andcontinueworkingto

eworkiswelldone,a43of

accident-freeoperationsisestablished44timelostduetoinjuriesiskeptata

minimum.

Successfulsafetyprogramsmay45greatlyintheemphasisplacedon

acegreatemphasisonmechanicalguarding.

Othersstresssafeworkpracticesby46rulesorregulations.47others

,therearecertainbasicideasthat

mustbeusedineveryprogramifmaximumresultsaretobeobtained.

inancial

standpointalone,ertheinjury49,thebetterthe

workman’ymeanthedifferencebetweenoperatingat

50orataloss.

41.[A]at

[B]in

[C]on

1999年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题93

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[D]with

42.[A]alive

[B]vivid

[C]mobile

[D]diverse

43.[A]regulation

[B]climate

[C]circumstance

[D]requirement

44.[A]where

[B]how

[C]what

[D]unless

45.[A]alter

[B]differ

[C]shift

[D]distinguish

46.[A]constituting

[B]aggravating

[C]observing

[D]justifying

47.[A]Some

[B]Many

[C]Even

[D]Still

48.[A]comesoff

[B]turnsup

[C]paysoff

[D]holdsup

49.[A]claims

[B]reports

1999年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题94

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[C]declarations

[D]proclamations

50.[A]anadvantage

[B]abenefit

[C]aninterest

[D]aprofit

SectionIIIReadingComprehension

SectionIVEnglish-ChineseTranslation

Directions:

Readthefollowingpassagecarefullyandthentranslateunderlinedsentencesinto

anslationmustbewrittenclearlyonANSWERSHEET2.(15

points)

71)Whiletherearealmostasmanydefinitionsofhistoryastherearehistorians,

modernpracticemostcloselyconformstoonethatseeshistoryastheattemptto

inthewebofitsown

timeandplace,eachgenerationofhistoriansdeterminesanewwhatissignificantfor

searchtheevidencefoundisalwaysincompleteandscattered;it

nyofthehistorian’scraftisthatits

practitionersalwaysknowthattheireffortsarebutcontributionstoanunending

process.

72)Interestinhistoricalmethodshasarisenlessthroughexternalchallengeto

thevalidityofhistoryasanintellectualdisciplineandmorefrominternalquarrels

istoryoncerevereditsaffinitytoliteratureand

philosophy,theemergingsocialsciencesseemedtoaffordgreateropportunitiesfor

askingnewquestionsandprovidingrewardingapproachestoanunderstandingof

sciencemethodologieshadtobeadaptedtoadisciplinegovernedby

theprimacyofhistoricalsourcesratherthantheimperativesofthecontemporary

world.73)Duringthistransfer,traditionalhistoricalmethodswereaugmentedby

additionalmethodologiesdesignedtointerpretthenewformsofevidenceinthe

historicalstudy.

Methodologyisatermthatremainsinherentlyambiguousinthehistorical

profession.74)Thereisnoagreementwhethermethodologyreferstotheconcepts

peculiartohistoricalworkingeneralortotheresearchtechniquesappropriatetothe

ians,especiallythosesoblindedbytheir

researchintereststhattheyhavebeenaccusedof“tunnelmethod,”frequentlyfall

victimtothe“technicistfallacy.”Alsocommoninthenaturalsciences,thetechnicist

fallacymistakenlyidentifiesthedisciplineasawholewithcertainpartsofits

technicalimplementation.

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75)Itappliesequallytotraditionalhistorianswhoviewhistoryasonlythe

externalandinternalcriticismofsources,andtosocialsciencehistorianswhoequate

theiractivitywithspecifictechniques.

SectionVWriting

ions:

[A]Studythefollowinggraphscarefullyandwriteanessayinatleast150

words.

[B]YouressaymustbewrittenneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.(15points)

[C]Youressayshouldcoverthesethreepoints:

ofthecountry’sgrowinghumanpopulationonitswildlife

lereasonfortheeffect

ggestionforwildlifeprotection

THEUPSANDDOWNSOFPOPULATIONGROWTH

1999年考研英语真题答案96

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1999年考研英语真题答案

SectionI:StructureandVocabulary(20points)

PartA(5points)

1.[D]2.[B]3.[A]4.[C]5.[A]

6.[D]7.[B]8.[D]9.[C]10.[A]

PartB(5points)

11.[D]were12.[D]saving

13.[C]family-run14.[C]environmental

15.[B]that16.[A]in

17.[C]tomake18.[D]skinned

19.[B]great20.[D]unless

PartC(10points)

21.[A]22.[D]23.[C]24.[B]25.[A]

26.[C]27.[A]28.[B]29.[D]30.[C]

31.[C]32.[B]33.[D]34.[C]35.[C]

36.[B]37.[A]38.[B]39.[D]40.[B]

SectionII:ClozeTest(10points)

41.[D]42.[A]43.[B]44.[A]45.[B]

46.[C]47.[D]48.[C]49.[A]50.[D]

SectionIII:ReadingComprehension(40points)

51.[B]52.[C]53.[A]54.[D]55.[A]

56.[C]57.[D]58.[B]59.[B]60.[D]

61.[C]62.[A]63.[B]64.[C]65.[D]

66.[A]67.[A]68.[B]69.[D]70.[A]

SectionIV:English-ChineseTranslation(15points)

71.几乎每个历史学家对史学都有自己的界定，但现代史学家的实践最趋向于

认为历史学是试图重现过去的重大史实并对其做出解释。

72.人们之所以关注历史研究的方法论，主要是因为史学界内部意见不一，其

次是因为外界并不认为历史是一门学问。

73.在这种转变中，历史学家研究历史时，那些解释新史料的新方法充实了传

统的历史研究方法。

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74.所谓方法论是指一般的历史研究中的特有概念，还是指历史探究中各个具

体领域适用的研究手段，人们对此意见不一。

75.这种谬误同样存在于历史传统派和历史社科派；前者认为历史就是史学界

内部和外部人士对各种史料来源的评论，后者认为历史的研究是具体方法

的研究。

1998年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题

SectionIStructureandVocabulary

SectionIIClozeTest

Directions:

Foreachnumberedblankinthefollowingpassage,therearefourchoicesmarked

[A],[B],[C],and[D].ChoosethebestoneandmarkyouransweronANSWER

SHEET1byblackeningthecorrespondingletterinthebracketswithapencil.(10

points)

UntilrecentlymosthistoriansspokeverycriticallyoftheIndustrialRevolution.

They41thatinthelongrunindustrializationgreatlyraisedthestandardof

yinsistedthatits43resultsduringthe

periodfrom1750to1850werewidespreadpovertyandmiseryforthe44of

theEnglishpopulation.45contrast,theysawintheprecedinghundredyears

from1650to1750,whenEnglandwasstilla46agriculturalcountry,a

periodofgreatabundanceandprosperity.

Thisview,47,lists48

historyandeconomics,have49twothings:thattheperiodfrom1650to

1750was50bygreatpoverty,andthatindustrializationcertainlydidnot

worsenandmayhaveactuallyimprovedtheconditionsforthemajorityofthe

populace.

41.[A]admitted

[B]believed

1998年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题98

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[C]claimed

[D]predicted

42.[A]plain

[B]average

[C]mean

[D]normal

43.[A]momentary

[B]prompt

[C]instant

[D]immediate

44.[A]bulk

[B]host

[C]gross

[D]magnitude

45.[A]On

[B]With

[C]For

[D]By

46.[A]broadly

[B]thoroughly

[C]generally

[D]completely

47.[A]however

[B]meanwhile

[C]therefore

[D]moreover

48.[A]at

[B]in

[C]about

[D]for

49.[A]manifested

1998年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题99

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[B]approved

[C]shown

[D]speculated

50.[A]noted

[B]impressed

[C]labeled

[D]marked

SectionIIIReadingComprehension

SectionIVEnglish-ChineseTranslation

Directions:

Readthefollowingpassagecarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsentencesinto

anslationmustbewrittenclearlyontheANSWERSHEET2.(15

points)

Theywere,byfar,thelargestandmostdistantobjectsthatscientistshadever

detected:astripofenormouscosmiccloudssome15billionlight-yearsfromearth.

71)Butevenmoreimportant,itwasthefarthestthatscientistshadbeenabletolook

intothepast,forwhattheywereseeingwerethepatternsandstructuresthatexisted

sjustaboutthemomentthattheuniversewasborn.

Whattheresearchersfoundwasatoncebothamazingandexpected:theUSNational

AeronauticsandSpaceAdministration’sCosmicBackgroundExplorersatellite--

Cobe--haddiscoveredlandmarkevidencethattheuniversedidinfactbeginwith

theprimevalexplosionthathasbecomeknownastheBigBang(thetheorythatthe

universeoriginatedinanexplosionfromasinglemassofenergy).

72)TheexistenceofthegiantcloudswasvirtuallyrequiredfortheBigBang,

firstputforwardinthe1920s,tomaintainitsreignasthedominantexplanationof

ingtothetheory,theuniverseburstintobeingasa

submicroscopic,unimaginablydenseknotofpureenergythatflewoutwardinall

directions,emittingradiationasitwent,condensingintoparticlesandtheninto

llionsofyears,thegaswascompressedbygravityintogalaxies,

stars,plantsandeventually,evenhumans.

Cobeisdesignedtoseejustthebiggeststructures,butastronomerswouldlike

toseemuchsmallerhotspotsaswell,theseedsoflocalobjectslikeclustersand

ouldn’thavelongtowait.73)Astrophysicists

workingwithground-baseddetectorsattheSouthPoleandballoon-borne

instrumentsareclosinginonsuchstructures,andmayreporttheirfindingssoon.

74)Ifthesmallhotspotslookasexpected,thatwillbeatriumphforyet

anotherscientificidea,arefinementoftheBigBangcalledtheinflationaryuniverse

ionsaysthatveryearlyon,theuniverseexpandedinsizebymorethan

1998年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题100

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atrilliontrilliontrilliontrillionfoldinmuchlessthanasecond,propelledbyasortof

antigravity.75)Oddthoughitsounds,cosmicinflationisascientificallyplausible

consequenceofsomerespectedideasinelementaryparticlephysics,andmany

astrophysicistshavebeenconvincedforthebetterpartofadecadethatitistrue.

71.________

72.________

73.________

74.________

75.________

SectionVWriting

Directions:

[A]Studythefollowingcartooncarefullyandwriteanessayinnolessthan150

words.

[B]YouressaymustbewrittenclearlyonANSWERSHEET2.(15points)

[C]Youressayshouldmeettherequirementsbelow:

utthemessagesconveyedbythecartoon.

urcomments.