sap教程
经络学说-廉政诗歌
2023年2月21日发(作者：快速消费品)SAPFI教程1
Basicsettings基础设置
UnitOverview单元概述
Companycode,businessareas
公司代码，业务范畴
FiscalYear
会计年度
Currencies
货币
Variantprinciple
变式原则
UnitObjectives单元目标
Aftercompletingthisunit,youwillbeableto:
•MaptheaccountingstructureofyourcompanyusingmySAPERPFinancialsorganizational
units
使用SAP财务组织单元描画贵公司的会计结构。
•Explainthemeaningoftheterms“companycode”and“businessarea”andtheirdifferences
说明术语“公司代码”和“业务范畴”的含义和它们的区别。
•Createacompanycode
创建一个公司代码。
•Explaintheuseandadvantagesofthevariantprinciple
说明变式原则的用法和优点。
•Explainthenecessityanduseofafiscalyearvariant
说明会计年度变式的必要性和用法。
•Explaindifferenttypesoffiscalyearvariants
说明不通类型的会计年度变式。
•Defineafiscalyearvariantaccordingtoyourrequirements
依照你的需求定义一个会计年度变式。
•Assignthefiscalyearvarianttoacompanycode
给公司代码分配一个会计年度变式。
•DefinecurrenciesinthemySAPERPsystem
给SAP系统定义货币。
•Explainthemeaningofdifferentexchangeratetypes
说明不同汇率类型的含义。
•Maintainexchangerates
爱护汇率。
•Usethedifferenttoolsformaintainingexchangerates
使用不痛的工具爱护汇率。
•Explaintheoptionsformaintainingexchangerates
说明爱护汇率的各个选项。
Lesson:OrganizationalUnits组织单元
LessonOverview
ReflecttheorganizationalunitsinaccountingwithmySAPERP
.Explainthetermsclient,companycode,andbusinessarea
说明术语
.Createcompanycodesandbusinessareas
.Copycompanycodes
.Makecountry-specificsettings
做国别设置，我们国家的专门设置
LessonObjectives
Aftercompletingthislesson,youwillbeableto:
.MaptheaccountingstructureofyourcompanyusingmySAPERPFinancialsorganizational
units
使用SAP财务组织单元描画贵公司的会计结构。
.irdifferences
说明术语“公司代码”和“业务范畴”的含义和它们的区别。
.Createacompanycode
创建一个公司代码。
BusinessExample业务例子
Yourclient'erprise
isasinglelegalentity.
贵公司是一家中型国有公司。是独立的法律实体
OrganizationalUnitsinmySAPERPFinancials
icationsordatathat
isvalidforallorganizationalunitsinmySAPERPapplications(suchasexchangerates,for
example)iminatestheneedtoenterthisinformationmore
ientisanindependentunitwithseparatemasterrecordsandacompletesetof
ustenteraclientkeyandhaveausermasterrecordintheclientin
ordertologontothesystem.
集团代码是SAP系统中最高层次的组织单位。规格或数据作为所有的在SAP集团层进入的应用的会计主体的依照。这就
幸免了重复输入这些信息。每个集团代码差不多上独立的单元，都有单独的数据记录和完整的数据表设置。用户必须
输入一个客户端号和用户号才能登录系统。在client那层的数据设置对SAP中所有的组织单元差不多上有效的，Client
与client是毫无联系的，用户是建立在client里面的用户不能够跨client
ImportantorganizationalunitsinFinancials:
.CompanyCode(forexternal外部的purposes目的)Acompanycoderepresents表现了anindependentbalancing/legal
accountingentity.代表一个独立的法定的会计实体.谁对外出独立报表就设计成公司代码ple
ialstatementsrequiredbylawcanbecreated
ore,
internationalbusiness,operationsareoftenscattered分散acrossnumerous专门多的ostgovernmentand
taxauthoritiesrequiretheregistration注册ofalegalentity实体foreverycompany,aseparatecompanycodeisusually
createdpercountry.
.BusinessArea(forinternalpurposes)Businessareasrepresentseparate
areasofoperationwithinanorganizationandcanbeusedacrosscompany
ebalancingentitiesthatcancreatetheirownsetoffinancial
ereforepossibletosaveandevaluate
ofbusinessareasis
optional.
CreatingaCompanyCode
Hint:TheIMGsuggeststhefollowingorder:
.Copy,Delete,CheckCompanyCode
.EditCompanyCodeData
stheadvantagethatyoualso
opying,you
caneditdatainyournewcompanycode.
Youhavetoselectafourdigitalphanumerickeyasthecompanycode
yidentifiesthecompanycodeand,forexample,mustbe
enteredlaterwhenpostingbusinesstransactionsorcreatingcompany
code-specificmasterdata.
Hint:alsodefinethe
companycodeandcarryouttheconfigurationyourself,withoutusinga
referencecompanycode.
CompanyCode
TheobjectsintheactivityEditCompanyCodeDataincludethefollowing:
.Theaddressdataisrequiredforcorrespondenceandisrecordedon
evaluationreports.
.tsaremanaged
ercurrenciesareinterpretedas
temtranslatestheamountspostedinaforeigncurrencyinto
rencydefinedinthecompanycodeis
knowninmySAPERPFinancialsaslocalcurrency.
.Youmustenteralanguagekeysothatthesystemcancreatetexts
automaticallyinthecorrectlanguage;forexample,whenissuingchecks.
.Thecountrykeyspecifieswhichcountryistoberegardedasthehome
importantforbusinessorpaymenttransactions,sincedifferentformsare
temalsosupportsdifferent
addressformatsforforeigncorrespondence.
.
Whenyoudefineabusinessarea,youonlyhavetoenterafourdigitalphanumeric
keyandashortdescription.
CountryTemplates
InthemySAPERPstandardsystem,companycode0001isatemplatefor
ageneralcompanycodewithchartofaccountsINTandnospecialcountry
specifications.
Ifyouneedacompanycodeforacountrythathasacountrytemplate,youcan
usethecountryinstallationprogramtocopythecountry-specifictablesfromthe
ycode0001isthenconfigured
uldthencopythiscompanycodeintoyour
thenstartthecountryinstallationprogramagain
tocreateatemplateforanothercountryandsoon.
Hint:Thecountryinstallationprogramnotonlycreatesacountry-specific
companycodetemplatebutalsoacountry-specifictemplatefor
controllingareas,plants,purchasingorganizations,salesorganizations,
creditcontrolareas,financialmanagementareas,andsoon.
Caution:Donotforgettocopythecountrytemplatebeforeyoucontinue.
Donotusecompanycode0001asyourproductivecompanycodebecause
thecountryversionprogramalwaysusesthiscompanycodeasthetarget
companycode.
Also,youshouldonlyrunthecountryinstallationprograminanew
becausethestructureofthecountry-specificCustomizingmayhave
changedfromonemySAPERPreleasetoanother.
Exercise1:OrganizationalUnits
ExerciseObjectives
Aftercompletingthisexercise,youwillbeableto:
.Createacompanycode
BusinessExample
Yourclient'scompanyisamediumsizedenterprisebasedinthecoursecountry.
Theenterpriseisasinglelegalentity.
Task1:
CreateacompanycodeGR##thatreflectsyourclient'estof
thiscourse,youwillbeworkinginthiscompanycode.
ycode1000alreadycontainsallthenecessarysettingsanddata.
Copycompanycode1000toyournewcompanycodeGR##.
Alsocopythegeneralledgeraccountsatthispoint!
thedefinitionofyourcompanycodeGR##:
Companyname:Group
##Country:Coursecountry
Currency:Localcurrency
Language:Locallanguage
Youcanfilltheotherfieldstomeetyourrequirements.
theglobalparametersthatwerecopiedforyourcompanycode
whenyoucreatedit.
试验中遇到的问题：
需要创建request输入登录用户号-新建request(一页小白纸标志)-输入描述-创建
Task2:
SearchtheImplementationGuide(IMG)forallthesettingsthatarerelevant（有关的）forthebusinessareabalancesheet
资产负债表.
Hint（提示）:Usethebinoculars（眼睛的）icontosearchfor"ents".
ssareabalancesheet..
Task3:
Trueorfalse?
assignabusinessareatoacompanycodedirectly.
Determinewhetherthisstatementistrueorfalse.
□True
□False
Lesson:VariantPrinciple变式原则（为了排除数据yongyu）
LessonOverview
YougetatheoreticalinsightusingthevariableprinciplewithintheSAPsystem.
LessonObjectives
Aftercompletingthislesson,youwillbeableto:
.Explaintheuseandadvantagesofthevariantprinciple
BusinessExample
Yourcustomerhasbeeninformedbyanexperiencedconsultant顾问thatthereisa
principleinmySAPERPthatappearsinseveralconfigurationtables配置表andthat
simplifies简化thesystemforhim.
字段装态记账期间会计年度
Figure6:TheVariantPrinciple
Thefollowingexampleshouldexplainthisprinciple:Createafiscalyearvariant
.Definethevariant:K4isyourfiscalyearvariant.
.Determine赋值valuesforthevariantK4:DefinethepropertiesoffiscalyearK4.
.AssignthevarianttomySAPERPobjects:AssignK4tovariouscompany
codesthatusethisfiscalyear.
.Themainadvantageforusingvariantsisthatitiseasiertomaintain
propertieswhicharecommonamongseveralbusinessobjects.爱护变式就能够爱护它在几个变量
Lesson:FiscalYear
LessonOverview
Thislessonexplainshowyoudefinedifferentfiscalyearvariants.
LessonObjectives
Aftercompletingthislesson,youwillbeableto:
.Explainthenecessityanduseofafiscalyearvariant
.Explaindifferenttypesoffiscalyearvariants
.Defineafiscalyearvariantaccordingtoyourrequirements
.Assignthefiscalyearvarianttoacompanycode
BusinessExample
Thecompany'sfiscalyearcorrespondstothecalendaryear公历年.TheAccountingManagerwantsfourspecialperiods
forpostingsforyear-endclosing.下一年的1,2,3,4,月份
Figure7:TheFiscalYear
与年度无关会计期间的数量和开始终止的时刻每一年都一样
年度相关
Toassignbusinesstransactionstodifferentperiods,youhavetodefineafiscal
inethefiscalyearasavariantthatisassigned
tothecompanycode.
Thefiscalyearvariantcontainsthedefinitionofpostingperiods会计期间andspecial
Periods专门会计期间.Specialperiodsareusedforpostingsthatarenotassignedtotime
periods,专门会计期间是没有分配时刻段，-endclosing..Intotal,youcan
define16periods.
Thesystemderives猎取thepostingperiodfromthepostingdate.系统能够通过记账的日期获得记账期间Ifthe
postingdatefallswithinthelastnormalpostingperiod,youcanpostthetransactioninone
ofthespecialperiods.假如我们的记账期落在了最后一个正常的记账期间，你能够把它落在任何一个专门的记账
期间
Example:Thegraphicshowsafiscalyearwith12postingperiodsand4special
ostingdatefallsinthe12thperiod,youcanpostthetransactionin
oneofthefourspecialperiodsinstead.
Standardfiscalyearvariantsarealreadydefinedinthesystemandyoucanuse
themastemplates.
Hint:Thefiscalyearvariantdoesnotspecifywhetheraperiodisopenor
closed.会计年度变式是可不能定义它的那个期间是开着依旧关着Thisdataismanagedinanothertable.那个数据
是另外一张表操纵的Thefiscalyearvariantonlydefinesthenumberofperiodsandtheirstartandfinishdates.会计年度
变式只定义期间数量和开始终止的时刻。
Figure8:Year-IndependentFiscalYearVariant都属于年度无关的
Ifeachfiscalyearofafiscalyearvariantusesthesamenumberofperiods,andthe
postingperiodsalwaysstartandendonthesamedayoftheyear,thevariantis
-independentfiscalyearvariantcanbedefinedas:
.Calendaryear
.Non-calendaryear
Ifthefiscalyearisdefinedasthecalendaryear,thepostingperiodsareequal
ore,afiscalyearthatisacalendaryearmust
have12postingperiods.
Ifthefiscalyearisdefinedasanon-calendaryear,youhavetodefinetheposting
-calendaryearcanhave
on-calendaryeardoesnotstarton
January1st,theperiodsoftheyearthatbelongtotheformerorthecomingfiscal
yearmusthaveanindicator-1or+1.
Theexampleaboveontherightshowsanon-calendaryearwith6postingperiods
thsJanuarytoMarchthereforestill
belongtotheoldfiscalyearandhavetheindicator-1.
Ifthefiscalyeardiffersfromthecalendaryear,butthepostingperiodscorrespond
tocalendarmonths,thedaylimitforFebruaryshouldbe29toconsiderleapyears.
Fiscalyearsarenormallyyear-independent.闰年是年度无关的。系统分闰年平年
Figure9:Year-SpecificFiscalYearVariants
每年记账期间开始和终止时刻不一样，那么记账期间是年度相关的。
Afiscalyearvarianthastobedefinedasyear-specificifoneofthefollowing
conditionsisfulfilled:Thestartandenddatesofthepostingperiodsforsome
scalyearsusea
differentnumberofpostingperiods.
Ifallofthefiscalyearsofafiscalyearvarianthavethesamenumberofposting
periods,onlythedifferentperioddatesforthedifferentyearshavetobedefined
(seeexampleontheleft).
Ifoneyearofafiscalyearvarianthaslesspostingperiodsthantheothers,itis
calledashortenedfiscalyear(seeexampleontheright).Thiscouldberequired,
forexample,ifclosinghastobecarriedoutbeforetheendofthenormalfiscal
year;(forexample,ifthebeginningofthefiscalyearshouldbechangedorifthe
companywassold).Youhavetodefinetheshortenedfiscalyearanditsnumberof
syear,youcanonly
assignalowernumberofpostingperiods.
Lesson:Currencies
LessonOverview
Thislessonpresentstheconfigurationsoptionsinthisarea.
LessonObjectives
Aftercompletingthislesson,youwillbeableto:
.DefinecurrenciesinthemySAPERPsystem
.Explainthemeaningofdifferentexchangeratetypes
.Maintainexchangerates
.Usethedifferenttoolsformaintainingexchangerates
.Explaintheoptionsformaintainingexchangerates
BusinessExample
d
accountantisworriedthatkeepingtheexchangeratesuptodateinthesystemwill
dtoconvincehimthatitismuch
lessworkthanexpectedifthetoolsmySAPERPoffersareused.
Figure10:CurrenciesandExchangeRateTypes
历史汇率银行的卖出汇率银行的买入汇率平均汇率在关键时期的关键点汇率
rrenciesare
alreadydefinedintheSAPSystemwithstandardinternationalcurrencykeys.
Eachcurrencykeycanhaveavaliditydate.
Foreverycombinationoftwocurrencies,youcanmaintaindifferentexchange
ifferentexchange
ratescanbeusedforvariouspurposessuchasvaluation评估,conversion,translation,
andplanning预算（应该用平均汇率）.
Figure11:TranslationRatios兑换率
Therelationshipbetweencurrenciesmustbemaintainedperexchangeratetype
uallyhastobeperformed
onlyonce一样制作一次就不用更换了.
Becauseinflation恶性通货膨胀canheavilyinfluencetherelationshipbetweencurrencies,
translationratioscanbemaintainedonatimeperiodbasis.