过去式和过去分词的区别

过去式和过去分词的区别

-三年级作文评语

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1.动词的过去式是一个动词，单独作谓语。不能与助动词、情态动词连用。

它的词性与动词的第三人称单数一样。

过去分词（pastparticiple）是分词的一种。规则动词的过去分词一般是由动

词加-ed构成（规则见后），不规则动词的过去分词见不规则动词表。过去分词

属于类动词：

1.1及物动词的过去分词作表语，与句子的主语是被动关系，表示主语的状

态，不但表示被动，还强调已完成了。Thecupisbroken.茶杯破了。

1.2不及物动词的过去分词作表语，与句子的主语是主动关系，表示主语的

状态，同样强调动作的完成。Heisretired.他已退休。

1.3有些过去分词作表语时，构成的谓语很接近被动结构。动词的过去式可

分为规则动词和不规则动词。规则动词的过去式变化如下：

1.3.1一般情况下，动词词尾加-ed，如：workedplayedwantedacted

1.3.2以不发音的-e结尾动词，动词词尾加-d，如：livedmoveddecided

declinedhopedjudgedraisedwiped

1.3.3以辅音字母+y结尾的动词，把-y变为-i再加-ed，如：studiedtried

copiedjustifiedcriedcarriedembodiedemptied

1.3.4以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词，双写词尾辅音字母，再加-

ed，如：stoppedbeggedfretteddraggeddroppedplanneddotteddripped

1.3.5不规则动词的过去式变化规律性不强，须多加记忆。如：go-went，

make-made，get-got，buy-bought，come-came，fly-flew，is/am-was，are-

were，see-saw，bring-brought，do-did，teach-taught,think-thought,are-were,say-

said,sit-sat.

2.动词的过去分词是动词的一种非谓语形式，也叫非限定性动词。不能独立

作谓语，只能与助动词一起构成谓语。

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如:“have/has/had+过去分词”构成完成时态;“be+过去分词”构成被动语态

等。它相当于一个形容词或副词，在句中起一个形容词或副词的作用，可作表

语、定语、补语等。它的作用与现在分词doing类似。过去分词表的意义是被动

或完成。

3.不过，过去式和过去分词最主要的区别是:过去式是一个动词，而过去分

词是一个动词的非谓语形式，相当于一个形容词或副词。

动词过去分词和过去是变形规律：

AAA型

即原形、过去式和过去分词三者都相同。（共9个）

cost—cost—cost

cut—cut—cut

hit—hit—hit

hurt—hurt—hurt

let—let—let

put—put—put

read—read—read(read的原形和过去式、过去分词读音不同[2])

set-set-set

shut-shut-shut

ABB型

过去式、过去分词相同。（共42个）

过去式和过去分词都含有-ought。（4个）

bring—brought—brought

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buy—bought—bought

think—thought—thought

fight—fought—fought

过去式、过去分词都含有-aught。（2个）

catch—caught—caught

teach—taught—taught

把-eep、-eel变为-ept、-elt。（4个）

keep—kept—kept

sleep—slept—slept

sweep—swept—swept

feel—felt—felt

把-ell变为-old。（2个）

tell—told—told

sell—sold—sold

把-ell、-ill变为-elt或-ilt。（3个）

smell—smelt—smelt

spell—spelt—spelt

spill—spilt—spilt

把-eed、-ead、-eet变为-ed或-et。（4个）

feed—fed—fed

lead—led—led

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speed—sped—sped

meet—met—met

过去式、过去分词都在原形词尾加t。（6个）

learn—learnt—learnt

mean—meant—meant

spoil—spoilt—spoilt

burn—burnt—burnt

dream—dreamt—dreamt

deal—dealt—dealt

过去式、过去分词词尾去y变-id（3个）

say—said—said

pay—paid—paid

lay—laid—laid

改变元音字母。（12个）

get—got—got

sit—sat—sat

find—found—found

hold—held—held

spit—spat—spat

shine—shone—shone

win—won—won

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hang—hung—hung

dig—dug—dug

lose—lost—lost

改变辅音字母。（4个）

make—made—made

改变元、辅音字母。（4个）

leave—left—left

原形、过去式、过去分词都不相同。（共39个）

i—a—u变化。（7个）

begin—began—begun

drink—drank—drunk

sing—sang—sung

ring—rang—rung

swim—swam—swum

sink—sank—sunk

spring—sprang—sprung

词尾为-ow，-aw时，过去式将其变为-ew，过去分词在其原形后加n。（5

个）

blow—blew—blown

draw—drew—drawn

grow—grew—grown

know—knew—known

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throw—threw—thrown

（show除外）

词尾为“i+辅（1个）+e”，过去式将i变为o，过去分词多在原形后加n，若

那个辅音字母为d或t，须双写d或t后加n。（4个）（give，hide除外）

drive—drove—driven

write—wrote—written

ride—rode—ridden

rise—rose—risen

过去分词在过去式后加n。（3个）

wake—woke—woken

speak-spoke-spoken

steal-stole-stolen

过去分词由过去式加-ten构成。（2个）

get-got-gotten/got

forget—forgot—forgotten

过去分词由原形加（e）n构成。（6个）

be—was（were）—been

eat—ate—eaten

fall—fell—fallen

give—gave—given

see—saw—seen

hide—hid—hidden（hid）

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词尾为-ake时，过去式将其变为-ook，过去分词在原形词后加-n。（2个）

take—took—taken

mistake—mistook—mistaken

原形、过去式和过去分词都不相同。（6个）

do—did—done

fly—flew—flown

go—went—gone

lie—lay—lain

show—showed—shown

wear—wore—worn

choose—chose—chosen

freeze—froze—frozen

AAB型

过去式和原形相同。（1个）

beat—beat—beaten

ABA型

过去分词和原形相同。（共3个）

词中间为“o+辅+e”时，过去式将o变为a。（2个）

come—came—come

become—became—become

情态动词型

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(除must)

只有原形和过去式，没有过去分词。（共4个）

can—couldmay—mightwill—wouldshall—should

must既没有过去式也没有过去分词。

常用过去分词

be(am,is,are)(是）was,wereknow（知道）knewknown

beenthrow（投掷）threwthrown

begin（开始）beganbegunshow（出示）showedshown

drink（喝）drankdrunkbreak（打破）brokebroken

ring（铃响）rangrungchoose（选择）chose

sing（唱）sangsungchosen

swim（游泳）swamswumforget（忘记）forgot

blow（吹）blewblownforgotten(forgot)

draw（画）drewdrawnspeak（说讲）spokespoken

fly（飞）flewflownwake（醒）wokewoken

grow（生长）grewgrowndrive（驾驶）drovedriven

动词原形过去式过去分词[2]

arisearosearisen

其他情况

/awakedbitebitbitten/bit

awokenbleedbledbled

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bewas/werebeenblendblendedblent

bearboreborne(携blessblessedblest

带)/born(出生)blowblewblown

beatbeatbeatenbreakbrokebroken

becomebecamebecomebreedbredbred

beginbeganbegunbringbroughtbrought

befallbefellbefallenbroadcast

bendbentbentbroadcast/broadcastedeat（吃）ateeaten

fall（落下）fellfallen

give（给）gavegiven

rise（升高）roserisen

take（取）tooktaken

ride（骑）roderidden

write（写）wrotewritten

do（做）diddone

go（去）wentgone

lie（xx）laylain

see（看见）sawseen

burnburnt/burned

burnt/burned

burstburstburst

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buyboughtbought

castcastcast

catchcaughtcaught

choosechosechosen

cleaveclove/cleft

cloven/cleft

clingclungclungwear（穿）woreworncost（花费）costcostcut（割）cut

cuthit（打）hithithurt（伤害）hurthurtlet（让）letletput（放）putputread

（读）readreadcomecamecomecostcostcostcreepcreptcreptcrowcrowed/crew

crowedcutcutcutdaredared/durstdareddealdealtdealtdigdugdugdodid

donedrawdrewdrawndwelldweltdwelt

eatateeaten

fallfellfallen

feedfedfed

feelfeltfelt

fightfoughtfought

findfoundfound

fleefledfled

flingflungflung

flyflewflown

forbidforbade/forbad

forbidden

forecast

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forecast/forecasted

forecast/forecasted

forgetforgotforgotten

forgiveforgaveforgiven

freezefrozefrozen

gainsaygainsaidgainsaid

getgotgotten

gildgilded/giltgilded

girdgirded/girtgirded/girt

givegavegiven

gowentgone

gravegravedgraven/graved

grindgroundground

growgrewgrown

hanghung/hanged

hung/hanged

havehadhad

hearheardheard

Heaveheaved/hove

hesved/hove

hidehidhidden

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hithithit

holdheldheld

hurthurthurt

keepkeptkept

kneelkneltknelt

knowknewknown

ladeladedladen

laylaidlaid

leadledled

leanleant/leaned

leant/leaned

leapleapt/leapedlendlentlent

letletlet

lielaylain

lieliedlied

lightlit/lightedlit/lighted

loselostlost

makemademade

meanmeantmeant

meetmetmet

meltmelted

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meited/molten

mistakemistookmistaken

misunderstand

misunderstood

misunderstood

outgrowoutgrewoutgrown

overcomeovercame

overcome

overseeoversawoverseen

paypaidpaid

proveproved

proved/proven

putputput

quitquitted/quit

quitted/quit

readreadread

rendrentrent

rideroderidden

ringrangrung

riseroserisen

riverivedriven/rived

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runranrun

sawsawedsawn/sawed

saysaidsaid

seesawseen

seeksoughtsought

sellsoldsold

sendsentsent

setsetset

sewsewedsewn/sewed

shakeshookshaken

shaveshaved

shaved/shaven

shearsheared

sheared/shorn

shedshedshedshown/showed

shrinkshrank/shrunk

shrunk/shrunken

shriveshrove/shrived

shriven/shrived

shutshutshut

singsangsung

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sinksank/sunk

sunk/sunken

sitsatsat

slayslewslain

sleepsleptslept

slideslidslid

slingslungslung

slinkslunkslunk

slitslitslit

smellsmelt/smelled

smelt/smelled

smitesmotesmitten

sowsowedsown/sowed

speakspokespoken

speedsped/speeded

sped/speeded

spellspelt/spelled

spelt/spelled

spendspentspent

spillspilt/spilled

spilt/spilled

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spinspun/spanspun

spitspat/spitspat/spit

spoilspoilt/spoiled

spoilt/spoiled

spreadspreadspread

springsprang/sprung

sprung

standstoodstood

stavestaved/stove

staved/stove

stealstolestolen

stickstuckstuck

stingstungstung

swearsworesworn

sweepsweptswept

swellswelled

swollen/swelled

swimswamswumtelltoldtoldthinkthoughtthoughtthrowthrewthrownthrust

thrustthrusttreadtrodtrodden/trodupsetupset

upsetwakewoke/wakedwoken/wakedwearworewornweavewovewovenweepwept

weptwinwonwonwindwoundwoundworkworked/wroughtworked/wroughtwring

wrungwrungwritewrotewritten