专四真题
大火图片-得过且过的反义词
2023年2月22日发(作者：绞股蓝功效)2018英语专业四级考试真题及参考答案
PARTIIILANGUAGEUSAGE
heachsentencetherearefouroptionsmarked
A,B,ur
answersonANSWERSHEETTWO.
tPyramidoutsideCairo__________ancientEgypt’sfirstattempttobuildasmooth-sided
pyramid.
nbelievedtohavebeen
ievedtobe
evedtohavebeen
evedtobe
____________eaverypopularresourcefor
studentslookingtoapplytouniversitycampus.
ins
taining
ined
nmaintaining
uredintoacrimehewouldnot____________havecommitted.
ly
ntally
ise
onceayoungcountrywifewithchickensinthebackyardandaviewof_____________
mountainsbehindtheappleorchard.
zyVirginia
ueVirginia
iahazyblue
iabluehazy
oalleviate__________,butIcannot.
l
,itisarguablethatbodyshatteringistheverypointoffootball,askillingandmaiming
______________.
ar
____________,photographyisachemicalprocess,duringwhichalight-sensitivematerialis
alteredwhenexposedtolight.
tbasic
ic
tbasic
ic
edalawyertoinvestigate,onlytolearnthatGabrielhadremovedhernamefromthedeed.
Theinfinitiveverbphrase“onlytolearn”isused__________.
essanintendedpurpose
cateahighdegreeofpossibility
alanundesirableconsequence
atizeastatedfact
fthefollowingitalicizedwordsDOESNOTcarrythemetaphoricalmeaning?
rwhat’sbehindthischangeofplan.
nedtospeaktothepersonstandingbehindhim.
rkshouldhavebeenfinishedyesterday.I’mgettingterriblybehind.
seI’mluckybecausemyparentswerebehindmealltheway.
erwasdeterminedtohelpthoseinneedandshewouldhavebeenimmenselyproudof
licizedpartinthesentenceexpresses_______.
hesis
stion
adiction
ise
epoliceofficerswhotookpartintheKingbeatingwerefirstbroughtto___________,
theirlawyersusedthevideotapeasevidenceagainsttheprosecution.
e
ony
t
22._________,themostcontroversialcandidateintheelectioncampaign,hehasbeenstrongly
criticizedforhiscrudecommentsaboutwomen.
onably
ly
tiously
bly
haverecentlyriseninorderto__________theincreasedcostofrawmaterials.
ebritysaysincourtpapersshe“hasno__________ofgivinganyauthorizationtoanyone
toproceedwithadivorce.”
endation
ing
ection
ition
tually__________agoodangle—oragoodselfieoverall—isrootedinwhatwe
considerbeautiful.
ts
tutes
es
ucts
oolisgoingthe________miletocreatethenextgenerationofsportingstarsthankstoits
uniquedevelopmentprogram.
r
mentary
chers’union_________alawsuitagainstthedistrictcallingforrepairing“deplorable”
schoolconditions.
rchthe__________ofa19thcenturycargoshipwasfoundbyanunderwater
archaeologicalteam.
s
’swornhisdesignson__________occasionsfromredcarpetstomoviepremieres.
ess
ble
cal
l
ng___________intelligenceandoperationscompanyhasreleaseditsanalysisof
worldwidereportedincidentsofpiracyandcrimeagainstmariners.
oing
c
me
PARTIVCLOZE
Decidewhichofthewordsgivenintheboxbelowwouldbestcompletethepassageifinserted
eletterforeachwordon
ANSWERSHEET.
edness
read
AFewyearsago,Christmas
ghheexpectedsomereaction,theresponse
hereceivedwasamazing—holidaycardsaddressedtohimcamepouringbackfromthe
atmajorityofthosewhoreturneda
ceivedhisholiday
greetingcard,udyshowstheactionof
oneofthemostpowerfuloftheweaponsofinfluencearoundus—therulefor
esaysthatweshouldtrytorepay,inkind,whatanotherpersonhas
andoesusafavor,weshoulddoheroneinreturn;ifamansends
usabirthdaypresent,weshouldrememberhisbirthdaywithagiftofourown;ifa
coupleinvitesustoaparty,ueof
thereciprocityrule,then,weareobligatedtothefuturerepaymentoffavors,gifts,
invitations,calisitforindebtednesstoaccompanythereceiptofsuch
thingsthatatermlike“muchobliged”hasbecomeasynonymfor“thankyou,”notonly
intheEnglishlanguagebutinothersaswell.
Theimpressiveaspectoftheruleforreciprocationandthesenseofobligationthat
widespreadthatafterintensive
study,sociologistssuchasAlvinGoldenercanreportthatthereisnohumansocietythat
doesnotsubscribetotherule.
PARTVREADINGCOMPREHENSION
SECTIONAMULTIPLECHOICEQUESTIONS
Inthissh
multiplechoicequestion,therearefoursuggestedanswersmarkedA,B,theone
thatyouthinkisthebestanswerandmarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEETTWO.
PASSAGEONE
（1）TheearliestsettlerscametotheNorthAmericancontinenttoestablishcoloniesthatwere
ntedtoescapethecontrolsplacedon
theirlivesbykingsandgovernments,priestsandchurches,toric
decisionsmadebythosefirstsettlershavehadaprofoundeffectontheshapingoftheAmerican
tingthepowerofthegovernmentandthechurchesandeliminatingaformal
aristocracy,dual
dom,Americansmeanthe
desireandtheabilityofallindividualstocontroltheirowndestinywithoutoutsideinterferencefrom
thegovernment,arulingnobleclass,thechurch,oranyotherorganizedauthority.
(2)Thereis,however,apricetobepaidforthisindividualfreedom:sthat
Americansbelievetheyshouldstandontheirownfeet,achievingbothfinancialandemotional
independencefromtheirparentsasearlyaspossible,usuallybyage18or21.
(3)AsecondimportantreasonwhyimmigrantshavetraditionallybeendrawntotheUnited
Statesisthebe
titlesofnobilitywereforbiddenintheConstitution,noformalclasssystemdevelopedintheU.S.
(4)Thereis,however,apricetobepaidforthisequalityofopportunity:
oflifeisseenasrace,thenapersonmustruntheraceinordertosucceed;apersonmustcompetewith
ssuresofcompetitioninthelifeofanAmericanbegininchildhoodandcontinueuntil
,anygroupofpeoplewhodoesnotcompetesuccessfullydoesnotfit
intothemainstreamofAmericanlifeaswellasthosewhodo.
(5)AthirdreasonwhyimmigrantshavetraditionallycometotheUnitedStatesistohavea
eofitsabundantnaturalresources,theUnitedStatesappearedtobea“landof
ase“goingfromragstoriches”
alwealth
becameavaluetotheAmericanpeople,anditalsobecameanacceptedmeasureofsocialstatus.
(6)Americanspayaprice,however,fortheirmaterialwealth:rkhasbeen
ways,material
possessionsareseenasevidenceofpeople’oldwater,acandidateforthepresidency
in1964,ericanswouldfind
thisaharshstatement,butmanymightthinktherewassometruthinit.
(7),they
shouldbethoughtofasthemes,aswecontinuetoexploremorefacetsoftheAmericancharacterand
howitaffectslifeintheUnitedStates.
.4seemstosuggestthat__________.
ansarebornwithasenseofcompetition
ssureofcompetitionbeginswhenonestartswork
sfulcompetitionisessentialinAmericansociety
itionresultsinequalityofopportunities
fthefollowingmethodsdoestheauthormainlyuseinexplainingAmericanvalues?
ison
ndeffect
tion
sanalysis
PASSAGETWO
(1)TheNobelsaretheoriginals,Nobel,themanwhoinventeddeadly
explosives,decidedtotryanddosomethinggoodwithallthemoneyheearned,andgaveprizesto
peoplewhomadeprogressinliterature,science,economicsand—perhapsmostimportantly—peace.
(2)oughmostcountrieshaveasystemof
recognizing,honoringandrewardingpeoplewhohavedonesomethinggoodintheircountries,there
arenowhundredsofawardsandawardceremoniesforallkindsofthings.
(3)TheOscarsareprobablythemostfamous,atimeforthe(mostly)Americanfilmindustryto
tellitselfhowgooditisandanannualopportunityforlotsofbigstarstogiveeachotherawardsand
asthattherearealsotheGoldenGlobes,evidentlyforthesamething.
(4)Butit’snotonlyfilms---therearealsoGrammies,Brits,theMercuryPrizeandtheMTVfor
ain,awriterwhowinstheBookerPrizecanexpecttoseetheirdifficult,literarynovel
nerPrizeisan
awardforBritishcontemporaryartists—eachyearitcausescontroversybyapparentlygivinglotsof
moneytoartistswhodothingslikedisplayingtheirbeds,puttinganimalsinglasscasesor—thisyear
—buildingagardenshed.
(5)Awardsdon’renowawardsforSportsPersonalityoftheYear,for
emsverystrange—
sometimesawardscanbegoodtogiverecognitiontopeoplewhodeserveit,ortohelppeoplewho
don’tmakealotofmoneycarryontheirworkwithoutworryingaboutfinances,
butprofessionalsoccerplayersthesedayscertainlyaren’tshortofcash!
(6)Manysmalltownsandcommunitiesallovertheworldalsohavetheirownawardceremonies,
forlocalwritersorartists,orjustforpeoplewhohavegraduatedfromhighschoolor,gotauniversity
eBritishCouncilhasitsownawardsfor“InnovationinEnglishLanguageTeaching”.
(7)Whyhavealltheseawardsandceremoniesappearedrecently?Shakespeareneverwonaprize,
nordidLeonardoDaVinciorAdamSmithorCharlesDickens.
(8)Itwouldbepossibletosay,however,thatinthepast,scientistsandartistscould
win“patronage”formrichpeople—akingoralordwouldgivetheartistsorscientistsmoneytohave
echangeinsocial
systemsacrosstheworld,scientificresearchisnoweitherfundedby
thestateorbyprivatecompanies.
(9)Perhapsawardceremoniesarejustthemostrecentphaseofthisprocess.
(10)However,ilmwinsanOscar,manymorepeoplewill
goandseeit,riterwinstheNobelPrize,manymorepeoplebuytheir
roupwinstheMTVawards,theceremonyisseenbyhundredsofthousandsof
ult?Thegroupsellslotsmorerecords.
(11)ans
thatitis
awards,forexample,aregreatforpublicizingnotonlymusic,butalsoMTVitself!
(12)Onthesurface,itseemstobea“Win-win”situation,witheveryonebeinghappy,butletme
askyouaquestion—howfardoyouthinkthatpublicityandmarketingarewinninghere,andhow
muchgenuinerecognitionofachievementistakingplace?
theauthor’stonewhenhementionsawardssuchastheOscars,theGoldenGlobesand
Grammies(Paras.3&4)
.
iative.
tic.
s.
ingtoPara.4,whatwouldhappentoawardwinningwriters?
uldenjoyamuchlargerreadership.
uldturntopopularnovelwriting.
uldcontinuenon-fictionwriting.
uldtrycontroversialformsofart.
fthefollowingstatementsbestsumsupPara.6?
ceremoniesareheldforlocalpeople.
ceremoniesareheldonimportantoccasions.
ceremoniesareheldincertainprofessions.
ceremoniesareheldforallsortsofreasons.
ingtoPara.8,onedifferencebetweenscientistsandartistsinthepastandthoseatpresent
liesin_____________.
ofwork
alcontact
offunding
status
econcludedfromPara.12thattheauthorthinksawards________.
emarketratherthanachievements
tobothmarketandpopularity
osewhoarereallytalented
ectiveinmakingpeoplepopular
PASSAGETHREE
(1)dsufferedfromahearttrouble,greatcarewastakentobreaktoher
asgentlyaspossiblethenewsofherhusband’sdeath.
(2)ItwashersisterJosephinewhotoldher,band’sfriendRichards
wasthere,ewhohadbeeninthenewspaperofficewhennewsoftherailroaddisasterwas
received,withBrentlyMallard’snameleadingthelistof“killed”.Hehadonlytakenthetimeto
assurehimselfofitstruthbyasecondtelegram.
(3)Sheweptatonce,inhersister’estormofsadnesshadspentitselfshewent
ldhavenoonefollowher.
(4)Therestood,facingtheopenwindow,isshesank,pressed
downbyaphysicalexhaustionthathauntedherbodyandseemedtoreachintohersoul.
(5)iciousbreathof
esofadistantsongwhichsomeonewassingingreachedher,andcountless
sparrowsweretwitteringintheeaves).
(6)Therewerepatchesofblueskyshowinghereandtherethroughthecloudsthathadmetand
piledabovetheotherinthewestfacingherwindow.
(7)Shesatwithherheadthrownbackuponthecushionofthechair,quitemotionless,except
whenasobcameupintoherthroatandshookher,asachildwhohascrieditselftosleepcontinuesto
sobinitsdreams.
(8)Shewasyoung,withafair,calmface,whoselinesbespokerepressionandevenacertain
therewasadullstareinhereyes,whosegazewasfixedawayoffyonderononeof
otaglanceofreflection,butratherindicatedasuspensionof
intelligentthought.
(9)Therewassomethingcomingtoherandshewaswaitingforit,sit?She
didnotknow;feltit,creepingoutofthesky,reaching
towardherthroughthesounds,thescents,thecolorthatfilledtheair.
(10)beginningtorecognizethisthingthat
wasapproachingtopossessher,andshewasstrivingtobeatitbackwithherwill-aspowerlessasher
twowhiteslenderhandswouldhavebeen.
(11)Whenshea
saiditoverandoverunderherbreath:"Free,free,free!"Thevacantstareandthelookofterrorthat
sesbeatfast,andthe
coursingbloodwarmedandrelaxedeveryinchofherbody.
(12)Sheknewthatshewouldweepagainwhenshesawthekind,tenderhandsfoldedindeath;
thefacethathadneverlookedsavewithloveuponher,sawbeyond
thatbitterm
openedandspreadherarmsouttotheminwelcome.
(13)Therewouldbenoonetoliveforherduringthosecomingyears;shewouldliveforherself.
Therewouldbenopowerfulwillbendingherinthatblindpersistencewithwhichmenandwomen
believetheyhavearighttoimposeaprivatewilluponafellow-creature.
(14)ditmatter!Whatcould
love,theunsolvedmystery,countforinfaceofthispossessionofself-assertion,whichshesuddenly
recognizedasthestrongestimpulseofherbeing!
(15)“Free!Bodyandsoulfree!”shekeptwhispering.
(16)Josephinewaskneelingbeforethecloseddoorwithherlipstothekeyhole,imploringfor
admission."Louise,openthedoor!Ibeg;eyou
doing,Louise?Forheaven'ssakeopenthedoor."
(17)"makingmyselfill."No;shewasdrinkinginaveryelixir(长生不老药)
oflifethroughthatopenwindow.
(18)days,andsummerdays,
onlyyesterdayshehadthoughtwithashudderthatlifemightbelong.
(19)Shearoseatlengthandopenedthedoortohersister'asafeverish
triumphinhereyes,spedher
sister'swaist,dsstoodwaitingforthematthebottom.
(20)rentlyMallardwhoentered,a
littletravel-stained,eenfarfromthescene
ofaccident,damazedatJosephine'spiercingcry;
atRichards'quickmotiontoscreenhimfromtheviewofhiswife.
(21)ButRichardswastoolate.
(22)Whenthedoctorscametheysaidshehaddiedofheartdisease-ofjoythatkills.
MrsMallardgetthenewsofherhusband’sdeath?
band’sfriendtoldher.
readitfromthepaper.
terJosephinetoldher.
torbrokethenewstoher.
sMallardwasaloneinherroom,she___________.
narmchairallthetime
hherbackfacingthewindow
thenwalkedaroundforwhile
chairandcriedallthetime.
shefeelaboutherlovetowardsherhusband?
edherhusband.
indifferentnow.
ndithardtodescribe.
lovedhimallalong.
SECTIONBSHORTANSWERQUESTIONS
Inthissect
thequestionswithNOMORETHANTENWORDSinthespaceprovidedonANSWERSHEETTWO.
PASSAGEONE
hevaluesmentionedinthepassage,whichoneisregardedasthemostfundamental?
Individualfreedom.
PASSAGETWO
nbeinferredfromthesentence“NotallawardsareasnobleastheNobels.”accordingto
Para.2?
Theauthordoubtsthesignificanceofsomeawards.
nclusioncanbedrawnfromPara.5?
Theauthorthinksitunreasonabletoawardrichpeople.
PASSAGETHREE
sMrsMallard’smoodwhenshewasleftaloneintheroom?
Secretjoyovertheexpectationoffuturefreedom.
torssaidthatMrsMallarddiedofheartdisease—youthinkis
therealcauseofherdeath?
Frightanddisillusionmentatthesightofher“dead”husband.
PARTVIWRITING
(略)