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2023年2月18日发(作者：)word格式-可编辑-感谢下载支持
7.\"Thevideocameraprovidessuchanaccurateandconvincingrecordofcontemporarylifethatithasbecome
amoreimportantformofdocumentationthanwrittenrecords.\"
Ourlifehasgonethroughgreatchangessincethevideocameracameintobeing,whichprovidesatotallynewand
differentwayofrecordinglifetothetraditionalwrittenmethods.
Comparedwithwrittenrecords,videodocumentationismuchlessinfluencedbytheonewhotookrecordandtheone
whointerpreteit.
Anotherconspicuousadvantageofvideorecordsisitsintegrity.
Yetit’srashtosaythatvideocamerahasalreadywonovertraditionalwrittendocumentsandbecomethenew
dominationofdocumentationfieldsincevideorecordislimitedinseveralaspects.
Wecannotsaywhethervideocameraorthewrittendocumentismoreimportantthantheotherinthateachonehasits
ameraofferstheaccurateandconvincingmethodofrecordingwhichcanrevive
lifeinbefore,whiletraditionalwrittendocumentcanprovideamoredetailedandrationalrecordinlowercost.
8.\"Itisoftennecessary,evendesirable,forpoliticalleaderstowithholdinformationfromthepublic.\"
Firstly,politicalleaders,inademocracyregime,willharmtheproperrightofpeopleastheywithholdinformationfrom
thepublic.
Secondly,withholdinginformationfromthepublicwillresultincorruptioninthegovernment,andthereforebring
detrimenttosociety.
Admittedly,sometimesitisnecessaryforpoliticalleaderstokeepthepublicfromknowsomething,suchascountry’stop
secrete,whichisindispensableandhelpfulforacountryindefendingaggressionandkeepingsafety.
10\"Governmentsmustensurethattheirmajorcitiesreceivethefinancialsupporttheyneedinordertothrive,
becauseitisprimarilyincitiesthatanation\'sculturaltraditionsarepreservedandgenerated.\"
Itisalwaystruethatbigcitiesofacountryboomnotonlyineconomybutalsoinculture.
Actually,notallthemajorcitiesofacountryareboundtotheresponsibilityofpreservinganation’sculturetraditions.
Indeed,insomemajorcities,wherehavelessculturetraditions,itcreatesabetterenvironmentfordevelopmentthanin
heless,admittedthat,therearealsosomemajorcities
thatarecharacterizedbytheirlongculturetraditions,
Similarly,eithersmallcities,orvillagesandtowns,inspiteofnotbeingmajorcities,aretheplaceswhereculture
traditionsgeneratedandhandeddownbegenerations.
11\"Allnationsshouldhelpsupportthedevelopmentofaglobaluniversitydesignedtoengagestudentsinthe
processofsolvingtheworld\'smostpersistentsocialproblems.\"
Thougheachsocialproblemappearstobedifferentindifferentnations,astheftinaffluentnationsmaybeconducted
moreforpsychologicalreasonsratherthanforthevalueoftheissuewithregardtoitscounterpartinpoornations,there
isalwaysaradicalkeylyingbeneath.
Ontheotherhand,thoughnearlyallthesocialproblemsarepersistingineverynation,somemaybedisastersinone
lobaluniversityasksforthesupportfromallnationsoftheworld.
17\"Therearetwotypesoflaws:ndividualinasocietyhasaresponsibilitytoobeyjust
lawsand,evenmoreimportantly,todisobeyandresistunjustlaws.\"
Lawsandregulationsaresetupalongwiththeentrenchmentofagovernmentservingasameanstocontrolthecountry.
Sincelawsarebuiltupunderthepowerofgovernment,whichrepresentsthepublicinterestwhereasrunbyafew
individuals,itisquitepossiblethatlawsareconstitutedinthenameofrepresentingthemajoritywhileonthecontraryin
afewindividualsfavor.
Facingunjustlaws,everyindividualhastheveryresponsibilitytoresistthem.
Nomatterthatwhethereveryindividualcouldreachanagreementonunjustornot,onepointisimportantthatwe
shouldputforwardouropinionstowardunjustlaws.
26\"Mostpeoplewouldagreethatbuildingsrepresentavaluablerecordofanysociety\'spast,butcontroversy
ariseswhenoldbuildingsstandongroundthatmodernplannersfeelcouldbebetterusedformodern
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situations,moderndevelopmentshouldbegivenprecedenceoverthepreservationof
historicbuildingssothatcontemporaryneedscanbeserved.\"
icbuildingsareirrecoverableresourcesweshouldpreservenotonlyforourselvesbutforourdecendants
icbuildingsarevaluablerecordsofasociety’spast,andtheyservemoreastravelattractions,cityemblems.
dbuildingswhichareof
modernapproachmentsshouldbework
outforthedilemma.
30\"Theprimarygoaloftechnologicaladvancementshouldbetoincreasepeople\'sefficiencysothateveryonehasmore
leisuretime.\"
Firstofall,aswehavewitnessed,achievementintechnologyhasimmenselyimprovedpeople’sefficiency,suchas
assembly-line,er,etc.
Besides,whenpeopleenjoyrelativemoreleisuretimebroughtbyimprovedefficiency,onthesametime,societyhas
encounteredotherproblems,suchastheproblemofemployment.
Asamatteroffact,increasingefficiencyismerelyabyproductoftheadvanceoftechnology.
36\"Thegreatnessofindividualscanbedecidedonlybythosewholiveafterthem,notbytheir
contemporaries.\"
Thegreatnessofindividualscannotbeappreciatedbytheircontemporariesinlargepartisduetotheiroutstanding
talentandtheirtranscendentalintelligencewhichsurpassthecommoncognitionofgeneralpublicandtheirpeers.
Besides,totestthevalidityoftheories,worksandideasofthegreatindividualsneedalongtimeevencenturies.
Inademocraticsociety,individualshavefullfreetoexpresstheirideasandshowtheiruniquetalentsandcharacters.
38\"Intheageoftelevision,canlearnasmuchby
watchingtelevisionastheycanbyreadingbooks.\"
Thougheachhasitsadvantages,televisionandbooksarenotcapabletowinovereachother.
Readingbooksisanactiveprocess,wherewecanmakechoiceofwhat,whenandtowhichextentwewanttolearn.
Withregardtotheappealingtraitsandeasygoingnature,televisioncanhelpalotinstudy.
39\"Theintellectualbenefitsofattendingauniversityorcollegearevastlyoverrated:mostpeoplecouldlearn
morebystudyingandreadingontheirownforfouryearsthanbypursuingauniversityorcollegedegree.\"
BillGates,whoquittedfromuniversityanddidnotcompletehisdegreewhileestablishhisbusinessofMicrosoftwhich
ranksinthetopofFortune,mayserveasagoodexamplethatpeoplecouldlearnmorebystudyingandreadingontheir
ownratherthanpursuingauniversityorcollegedegree.
Asforpeoplewhohavestrongabilityofself-managementanddefinitepurposeoflearning,theymayobtainmore
knowledgefromself-studyingthanattendinguniversityorcollege.
While,manypeoplestillwouldliketolearningbyattendinguniversityorcollege,becausetheformaleducationsystem
notonlyprovidestudentsaperfectstudyingatmospherebutalsoinstructstudentsstudymoreefficientlyandeffectively.
Inaddition,studyinginuniversityorcollegeotherthanstudyingontheirown,conducetoshapeasoundpersonality
41\"Suchnon-mainstreamareasofinquiryasastrology,fortune-telling,andpsychicandparanormalpursuits
playavitalroleinsocietybysatisfyinghumanneedsthatarenotaddressedbymainstreamscience.\"
Wemayfindoutthat,peoplewhoresorttofortune-telling,astrologyandsuchnon-mainstreamareaofinquiryunusually
areilleducatedandunderclassofthesociety.
Indeed,themainreasonthatwhynon-mainstreamareaofinquiryisfavoredbyafewpeopleisthatitcomfortspeople
whoworryabouttheirdestiny.
Besides,non-mainstreamareaofinquiryalsoplaysanimportantroletosatisfypeoples’curiosityabouttheunknown
world.
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46\"Whilesomeleadersingovernment,sports,industry,andotherareasattributetheirsuccesstoa
well-developedsenseofcompetition,asocietycanbetterprepareitsyoungpeopleforleadershipbyinstilling
inthemasenseofcooperation.\"
Throughcompetition,onemakeshimself/herselfbecomeeminent,sodotheleadersentrenchtheirsuccessfulposition.
Thesenseofcompetitionisindispensableforaleadernomatterwhatareashe/herbelongsto.
Morespecifically,cooperationisakindofresponsibilitybestowedtoonewhowantstobealeader.
47\"Societydoesnotplaceenoughemphasisontheintellect-thatis,onreasoningandothercognitiveskills”.
Inasense,intellectualskillsandnon-intellectualskillsaresomewhatlikeskeletonandfleshofabody.
Asocietycannotadvancewithoutcognitiveskills,yetitcannotkeepwell-beingwithoutnon-cognitiveones.
Bothcrucialtoindividualandsociety,intellectualandnon-intellecturalskills,however,receiveunfairattentionat
present..
48\"tsignificanteventsandtrendsin
historyweremadepossiblenotbythefamousfew,butbygroupsofpeoplewhoseidentitieshavelongbeen
forgotten.\"
Inmosthistoricaldocuments,thosesignificantfiguresweredescribedastheonlydecisionmakers.
Itisnatural,however,forhistorianstodoso,orfromanotheraspect,theyhaveto.
Lackingofsufficientmaterialsisanotherproblem.
50\"Inordertoimprovethequalityofinstructionatthecollegeanduniversitylevel,allfacultyshouldbe
requiredtospendtimeworkingoutsidetheacademicworldinprofessionsrelevanttothecoursestheyteach.\"
ltymembersofsomeacademicarea,workingoutsidetheacademicworldwilldolittlehelptotheiracademic
abilitywhiledistractingthemfromtheresearchandinstructionworktheyshouldconcentrateon
soryworkinginprofessionsoutsideacademicworldmaycausethecollegeanduniversitytolosetheir
outstandingfacultymember
academicareasuchasengineering,facultymembersshouldbeencouragedtoworkoutsideforsometimein
ordertobetterorientinstructiontostudentsforfuturecareer
51\"Educationwillbetrulyeffectiveonlywhenitisspecificallydesignedtomeettheindividualneedsand
interestsofeachstudent.\"
iciencyofeducationliesinitsgeneralization(teacher,student)
-specifiededucationwillnarrowdownstudents’kenandcapabilityofacclimationtofuturecareer
rtocaterindividualneedsandtoenhanceinterestsofstudents,schoolscanoffersomespecificallydesigned
programstostudents
54\"Historyteachesusonlyonething:knowingaboutthepastcannothelppeopletomakeimportantdecisions
today.\"
Historyisapartofourdevelopment,andprovidesrelevantinformationofpresentproblems.
Historyalsoservesasasourceofprecedentandpredication,whichguideustoavoidorlessmakingfalsedecisions
wheninfaceofhardtaskinpresent.
Admittedly,thereareentirelynewproblemsthatwehavetocopewithonourownwithoutanyprecedentsinhistoryto
referto,butthisdoesnotpreventusfrommakingrightchoices,sincelearninghistoryhastaughtustoperceiveand
analysetheproblemswithhistoricperspective.
56\"Governmentsshouldfocusmoreonsolvingtheimmediateproblemsoftodayratherthantryingtosolvethe
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anticipatedproblemsofthefuture.\"
Undoubtedly,immediateproblemsthatagonizeandafflictpeoplemostly,suchascrimes,wars,dragabuse,
unemploymentandsoon,actuallyneedtobeaddressedbygovernmentassoonaspossiblesincetheirexistence
extremelydangerthenormallivingofpublic.
However,itismisconceptionthatgovernmentscanignoretheanticipatedproblemsofthefutureinfavorofthe
immediateones,eventhoughthelattermaybemoreurgent.
Furthermore,narrowlyconcentratingonsolvingtheimmediateproblemsratherthantryingtosolvetheanticipated
problemsofthefuture,isanexpressionofirresponsibleforthefuturegenerations.
59\"dofcopyingothers,peopleshouldlearntothinkand
actindependentlyandthusmakethechoicesthatarebestforthem.\"
Wehavebeenbroughtupwiththetalesandlegendsofkindsofheroesandheroines,nomatterwhetherthese
charactersarerealpersonsorfictionalones,thesestoriesserveasourprimaryenlightenedmaterialsthatinstillus
virtuesandvaluesthesocietycherishescommonlyinwhichweareliving.
Merelyimitatingrolemodelsmayresultinlazinessanddependencesinceonedoesnotsufferhimself/herselfofthinking
andanalyzing.
Learningtothinkandactindependentlydoesnotnaturallyconflictwithlearningformrolemodels.
61\"High-profileawardssuchastheNobelPrizeareactuallydamagingtosocietybecausetheysuggestthat
onlyafewpeopledeservesuchrecognition.\"
Mostofthesechildrenfarewellthesedreamswhentheygrowupfortheircapability,personalinterestsandotherfactors.
Theremainedfew,however,bypersistentlypursuingtheiroriginalaim,attainitintheend.
remanyrealisticallimitationssuch
ascapability,intellecture,aggressionand,ofcourse,opportunity.
Actuallyanyadultiswellawarethatthosefewdeservethegreatawardstheywinsincetheyhavedonegreat
contributionintheirarea,whichareoftenrelativelynotwellprofitable.
64\"Manypeopleknowhowtoattainsuccess,butfewknowhowtomakethebestuseofit.\"
许多人知道如何获得成功，但很少人懂得充分利用成功；it指“success\"强调成功后如何利用
ceptionof\"success\",relatively,isoneofnarrowsense,notwide-sense.
dpersonalabilityresultinfailingtomakebestuseofthesuccessfurtherly.
rsuccessisrelatedtohowtomaketheuseofotherconcerningresource.
许多人知道如何获得成功，但很少人懂得充分利用“如何获得成功”it指howtoattainsuccess（成功过程方法）
opleknowhowtoattainsuccess;Butthosewhoaresuccessfulyshouldhavelearnedtomakethebestuseof
ctorresultinsuccessarelistedasfollowed:
lityofpersonal,first:intelligence,specialknowlegeintheconcerningfield;Second,emotionandothersocail
ability,howtomakeallthefactorsintoasystemgroup.
encyofresource.
74\"Themosteffectivewaytocommunicateanideaorvaluetolargegroupsofpeopleisthroughtheuseof
images,notlanguage.\"
cheasierforpeopletounderstandanideabyvisionthanbyabstractlanguage(deepimpression,straight
presentation,etc.)
rgegroupsofpeopleareaddressed,languagecannotachieverelativelyeveneffecttoall,whileimagescan
beeffectivetoaverage,oreventhosenotquickatunderstanding
comestosomeabstractideologicalideasorvalues,ortothenecessitytoattainfurtherunderstanding,
languageisindispensible
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80\"Allstudentsshouldberequiredtotakecoursesinthesciences,eveniftheyhavenointerestinscience.\"
easanimportantcommentofmoderneducation,allthestudentshouldberequiredtostudyitatsomesuitable
level.
llofsciencewouldbeastepping-stonetoothersubject.
erestofscienceneedtoberaisedandinspired,differentwaywouldbeencouragedtobeusedintheeducation.
83\"Governmentshouldpreservepubliclyownedwildernessareasintheirnaturalstate,eventhoughthese
areasareoftenextremelyremoteandthusaccessibletoonlyafewpeople.\"
1)totheenvironment\'ssake,gsomepristinenotpollutedsurroundingtotheposterity,and
remainthelastresidenttotheprosecutedandprotectedanimals.
(2)fortheeconomics’sake,reservingthewildnesscanconservesomeoftheracethatitmayperhapsporfitiveinthe
usebeyondnowadaysourresearch\'sabilityforthefuture.
(3)inordertopreservethewildernessnottodigouttobeaplaceofinterest,thereisnoneedtobeconvenienttoaccess.
Ontheotherhand,themoreremoteandinaccessibleitis,themoresignificanceeffectitcanattain.
(4)sothegovernmentshouldkeepaneyeontheprotectiononthewildness
85\"Governmentfundingoftheartsthreatenstheintegrityofthearts.\"
s,producersofthearts,aremundanebeingswhocanonlyuseobjectivethingsasbrushes,canvasand
hosethingsneedmoney.
egrityoftheartsrequiresthepopulace’sunderstandingofthem,withoutpropagandatheproclaimedintegrity
needmoneytoachievetheaim.
eprivedofaseriesofsuccessiveartists,
howcould,notonlytheintegrityofthearts,buttheexistenceofit,bepossible?
87.\"Inanyfieldofinquiry,thebeginnerismorelikelythantheexperttomakeimportantdiscoveries.\"
ershaveintensecuriosityabouttheunknownandgreatcouragetotrynewthings,whileexperiencedexperts
tendtobemoreconservative.
rmore,beginnersarehighlymotivatedandenthusiasticpeoplewhoareeagertoestablishtheircareerand
fame.
88\"Technologiesnotonlyinfluencebutactuallydeterminesocialcustomsandethics.\"
logieshaveradicallychangedthewaywespendholidays.
wayofcommunicationbroughtaboutbyelectronictechnologyhavetransformedthewayweassociatewith
eachotherinourdailylives.
r,weshouldnotlettechnologytodetermineourethics.
93.\"Theconceptof\'individualresponsibility\'ghsocietiesmustholdindividuals
accountablefortheirownactions,people\'sbehaviorislargelydeterminedbyforcesnotoftheirownmaking.\"
zationalmanagementrestsonthebasicresumptionthatindividualsshouldandcantaketheirrespective
responsibilityinaccordancewiththeirspecificrolesintheorganizationalstructure.
litical,socialaswellasfamilyproblemsresultfromthelackofasenseofindividualresponsibility.
edly,thefactthatindividuals,associalanimals,aremoldedbythesocialenvironmentinwhichtheygrowup,
shoulddrawourattentiontothegovernment’sresponsibilityinconstructionandmaintainingasocialenvironment
contributivetothehealthygrowingofindividuals.
99.\"Inanyrealmoflife-whetheracademic,social,business,orpolitical-theonlywaytosucceedistotakea
practical,ratherthananidealistic,ticbehaviorguaranteessurvival,whereasidealistic
viewstendtobesupercededbysimpler,moreimmediateoptions.\"
hilosophicalpointofview,livingisexperiencing,whichisaneverlastinginteractionbetweenman?and
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reality.
anundertakingirrespectiveofthehardfactsandlawsofrealityisdestinedtofailure.
r,idealsgiveushopeandenthusiasm,liftingustonewheightsandhelpingustoovercomeself-imposed
limitations.
103.\"Thestudyofhistoryhasvalueonlytotheextentthatitisrelevanttoourdailylives.\"
Firstofall,tostudyhistoryistolookataroadmapofhumanbehaviorthathasledustowherewearetodayintheworld.
Forexample,thelessonslearnedduringallofthepastwarscanmakeformoreeffectivewartimeleadershipbyavoiding
eancientChineseauthorSunTzu\'sbook\"TheArtofWar\",today\'smilitary
commandersandevenbusinessleadersgathervaluableinformationthatallowsthemtooperatemoreefficientlyand
effectively.
Anotherexampleisthatbystudyinghistory,parentscanhelptoimprovethelivesoftheirchildreninthefuture.
Additionally,thestudyofmedicaladvancesmadethroughouthistorycanbethefoundationtobuildupontomakethe
medicaladvancesoftodayandtomorrowtomakepeoplelivelongerandhealthierlives.
Afurtherexampleofthevalueofthestudyofhistorybeyonditseffectondailylifeisthetreatmentoftheenvironment
andtheearthasawhole
108.\"Inmanycountng
theseekindsofgovernment
proceedings-trials,debates,meetings,etc.-thataretelevised,themoresocietywillbenefit.\"
OneexampleofthepossiblenegativeeffectsoftelevisingallgovernmentalproceedingswasthetrialintheUnited
Sn.
Ontheotherhand,televisionoftheday-to-dayworkingsofgovernmentinactionprovidesdirectinsightintohowa
governmentactuallyworks.
Oneoftheproblemswithstatingthatthemoregovernmentalproceedingsthataretelevised,thebetterofasocietyis,is
thatpeoplemightcometobelievethattheyareseeingeverythingwheninfact,atelevisioncameracanonlyseepartof
whatishappeningnomatterhowmanycamerasthereare.
Anotherproblemwiththestatementthatthemoretelevisedgovernmentalproceedings,thebetter,isthatitassumes
thatpeopleactuallywatchtheproceedingswhentheyarebroadcast.
110.\"Whenweconcernourselveswiththestudyofhistory,ewecannever
knowthepastdirectlybutmustconstructitbyinterpretingevidence,exploringhistoryismoreofacreative
toriansarestorytellers.\"
Fromtheperspectiveofthehistorian,mosthistoriansdonothavethebenefitofhavinglivedthroughtheperiodof
historythattheyarewritingabout.
Historiansthataredocumentingeventsastheyhappentodayhavemuchlessofanopportunitytofallintothe
\"storyteller\"categoryastheyarepresentaswitnessestotheseeventsastheyarehappening.
AnotherexampleshowcasingtheideathatallhistoriansarestorytellersisthatoftheassassinationofPresidentJohnF.
Kennedy.
Particularlywhenitconcernsancienthistory,allhistoriansmustbestorytellerstoacertaindegree.\"Connectingthe
dots\"ofsurvivingevidencefromthetimeperiodoreventbeingexaminedrequiresacertainamountofpersonalintuition
andsupposition.
120.\"Somuchisnewandcomplextodaythatlookingbackforanunderstandingofthepastprovideslittle
guidanceforlivinginthepresent.\"
tandingthepag,tcanshowusinspirationalexamplesofsuccess.
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nghistorycanalsohelpusavoidrepeatingmistakes
dyofpastisimportantbecausetherelevanthistoricalantecedentscanhelpusfullyappreciateourpresent
challenges.
127.\"nnotbealteredbyourwishes,ourinclinations,orthedictatesofour
passions.\"
dividuallevel,weallengageinfutileattemptstoalterfacts-bypretendingthatcertainthingsarenottheway
theyarebecausetheyareinconsistentwithourwishesorpersonalinterests.
wealterfactsbyvirtueofourinclinationsorpassionswhenitcomestohistory.
rly,whenitcomestoscienceourwishesanddesiresultimatelyyieldtothestubbornnessoffacts-bywhichI
meanempiricalscientificevidenceandthelawsandprinciplesofthephysicalworld.
130.\"unately,wehavenotyet
learnedhowtoraisechildrenwhocanhelpbringaboutabettersociety.\"
erfirstthespeaker\'sassertionthatsociety\'izationis
onlyonefactorinfluencingtheexsnotthe
mostimportantone.
ernextthespeaker\'sclaimthatwehavenotyetlearnedhowtoraisechildrenwhocanbettersociety.
131.\"Thearts(painting,music,literature,etc.)revealmeotherwisehiddenideasandimpulsesofasociety.\"
aimatdepictingthefeelingsandattitudesofindividualsinasociety.
ngsandmusicmistvividlyembodythespiritsandcharacterofasociety.
ingliterature,wegettoknownotonlytheexperienceofasociety,butalsothehiddenideasandimpulsesof
thesociety.
136.\"Theabsenceofchoiceisacircumstancethatisvery,veryrare.\"
eexpesensetellsus
thathumanshavefreewill,ypossibleexceptions-solitary
imprisonmentoraseverementalorphysicaldeficiency.
s,thereverseclaim-thatwedonothavefreechoice-servestounderminethenotionsofmoralaccountability
andhumanequality,whichprerequisitethesurvivalofanydemocraticsociety.
oftenclaimthatlife\'scircumstancesleavethemwith\"nochoice.\"Onemightfeeltrappedinajobormarriage.
However,inrealitytheymayhavealotofchoices,itisjustbecausetheyareonlyconsideringthosechoicesthatarenot
viableorattractive.
maytaketheunappealing,evenself-defeatingasnochoice.
138\"Onlythroughmistakescantherebediscoveryorprogress.\"
eshelpusfindoutwhatisunworkableandhencewecanapproachtherightsolution.
gmakingmistakespreventsusfromtryingnewthingsandtakingrisks.
htattitudetowardmistakesisnottoavoidthem,buttolearnfromthem.
144.\"Itistheartist,notthecritic,*whogivessocietysomethingoflastingvalue.\"apersonwhoevaluatesworks
ofart,suchasnovels,films,music,paintings,etc.
scanhelpusunderstandandinterpretart;acriticwhoisfamiliarwithaparticularartistandhisorherworks
mighthavecertaininsightsaboutthoseworksthatthelaypersonwouldnot.
c\'sevaluationofanartworkservesasafilter,whichhelpsusdeterminewhichartisworthourtimeandattention.
ccanprovidefeedbackforartists;andconstructivecriticism,iftakentoheart,canresultinbetterwork.
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147.\"tchoosebetweenthem.\"
ionreferstothebeliefs,values,customs,wayoflife,crafts,etc.,thatarehandeddownfromgenerationto
generationinasociety.
izationreferstotheprocessofurbanization,industrializationanddemocratization,orinalargesense,
westernization.
aditionalwisdomsarestillrelevantandcaninspireustosearchforsolutionstopresentproblems.
rectwaytomodernizeacultureistotransformorreformitstraditionratherthantouprootitstradition.
150.\"Becauseoftelevisionandworldwidecomputerconnections,peoplecannowbecomefamiliarwithagreat
ult,tourismwillsoonbecomeobsolete.\"
heclaimthattelevisionwillrendertourismobsolete,wealreadyhavesufficientempiricalevidencethatthiswill
simplynothappen.
ontrarytelevisionmayhaveactuallyservedtosparkpeople\'sinterestinvisitingotherplaces.
akerunfairlyassumesthatthepurposeoftourismissimplytoobtaininformationaboutotherpeopleorplaces
andthescenesontheinternetcanreplacetravelingtotherealplaces.
er,inmyviewtourismwillcontinuetothriveforthesamereasonthatpeoplestillgooutfordinnerortothe
movies:ercannotalterthisbasic
humanneeds.
edly,travelforpurposesotherthantourismmighteventuallydecline,asthebusinessworldbecomes
increasinglydependentontheInternet.
152\"Theonlyresponsibilityofcorporateexecutives,providedtheystaywithinthelaw,istomakeasmuch
moneyaspossiblefortheircompanies.\"
edly,corporateexecutivesshouldmakeeveryefforttoincreasetheprofitsoftheircompanies.
smakingasmuchmoneyaspossible,corporateexecutivesshouldbeawareofbusinesses’social
responsibilities.
somesocialresponsibilitieswillbenefitcompaniesinthelongrun.
153.\"ouldquestionwhattheyare
taughtinsteadofacceptingitpassively.\"
cism,orcriticalthinking,helpsusuncoverbiasandprejudiceanddistinguishbetweenopinionandfact.
cismisthestartingpointforcreation.
ecampusisaplacewhereteachersandstudentsgetinvolvedinacommonpursuitforknowledgeandtruth.
154.\"ionistooimportanttoleave
solelytoagroupofprofessionaleducators.\"
sholdtheultimatelylegalauthoritytomakekeydecisionsaboutwhatandhowtheirownchildren
learn-includingchoiceofcurriculumandtextbooks,paceandscheduleforlearning,andtheextenttowhichtheir
childshouldlearnalongsideotherchildren.
arentcantrulyknowtheuniqueneedsofachild-includingwhateducationalchoicesarebestsuitedfor
thechild.
saremoremotivated-byprideandego-thananyotherpersontotakewhatevermeasuresareneededto
ensuretheirchildrenreceivethebestpossibleeducation.
ecommunities\'participation,localschoolswiltdobetterininstructingthechildren,especiallyinthe
-hIdisagreewiththespeaker\'llingargumentcanbemadethat,
exceptformajordecisionssuchaschoiceofschool,achild\'seducationisbestlefttoprofessionaleducators.
157.\"ervationissubjective;itisalwaysguided
bytheobserver\'sexpectationsordesires.\"
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ayexperienceinformusthatdifferentpeoplehavedifferentopinionwhentheyobservethesameobject.
r,thesesortsofsubjective\"observations\"areactuallysubjective\"interpretations\"ofwhatweobserve.
peaker\'sassertion,againstthegrain
ofallscientificdiscoveryandknowledgegainedinthehumanhistory.
ingtothepsychologicaldiscipline,giventhesamespatialperspectiveandsensoryacuityandawareness,just
asthevideocameradoes,ourobservationswouldallbeessentiallyinaccord-thatis,observationcanbeobjective.
159.\"Thehumanmindwillalwaysbesuperiortomachinesbecausemachinesareonlytoolsofhumanminds.\"
sofmemoryandcomputingaswellasothertechnicaloperations,computerscandomuchbetterthanhuman
beings.
sofcreation,machinescanneversurpasshumanintelligence,foritisillogicalthat‘stupid’humanmindscan
create‘clever’artificialintelligence.
r,humanbeingsshouldguardagainsttheabuseofadvancedtechnologyandseetoitthatmachinesare
createdtoservehumanwelfare.
160.\"Themostessentialqualityofaneffectiveleaderistheabilitytoremainconsistentlycommittedto
derwhoisquicklyandeasilyinfluencedbyshiftsinpopular
opinionwillaccomplishlittle.\"
usinessrealm,effectiveleadershipisgenerallydefinedasthatwhichachievesthegoalofprofitmaximization
inthelongtermbytakingreasonablestepstominimizethesocialandenvironmentalharmtheirbusinessescaused.
Thusthetwodefinitionsmerge,andthestatementatissueisultimatelycorrect.
oliticalrealmtheissueisnolesscomplex,(strongbutkeeppacewiththesocialdevelopment)
161.\"\'Inthisageofintensivemediacoverage,itisnolongerpossibleforasocietytoregardanywomanorman
utationofanyonewhoissubjectedtomediascrutinywilleventuallybediminished.\"
iewers,readersandlistenersfindinformationaboutthemisfortunesandmisdeedsofothers,especially
heroicpublicfigures,farmorecompellingthaninformationabouttheirvirtuesandaccomplishments.
diagenerallyconsistofprofit-seekingentities,ngtothe
audience\'sneeds,mediatendtofocusonthesensationalissue.
emediascrutinyraisesapresumption,atleastinthepublic\'scollectivemind,thattheirheroisguiltyofsome
sortofcharacterflawormisdeed.
aphicstudiesshowthatthevastmajorityofpeoplerelyingonmainstreammediafortheirinformation,lack
thesortofcriticalthinkingskillsandobjectivitytoseebeyondwhatthemediafeedsthemandtomakeafairand
informedjudgmentaboutapublicfigure-heroicornot.
emediamadeamistakeandthevictimscanhaveanychancetovindicatethemselvesandevengetdamage
awards,adamageawardisnoindicationthatthepublichasexpungedfromitscollectivememoryaperceptionthatthe
fallenheroisguiltyoftheallegedflaws.
167.\"Itistehonestyisnota
usefulvirtueforapolitician.\"
beimpossibleforaneffectivepoliticalleadertomaintainhisorhergoodfigurewhilebecompletehonesttothe
scrutinyalwayshasatendencytodiminishone’sreputation..
r,astosomecardinalpolitics,thepoliticalleadershouldalwaysbecompletehonesttothepublicevendoing
somaycausedetrimenttohimself.
173.\"Originalitydoesnotmeanthinkingsomethingthatwasneverthoughtbefore;itmeansputtingoldideas
word格式-可编辑-感谢下载支持
togetherinnewways.\"
alityisespeciallyexpressedintheabilitytomakeconnections,tomakeassociations,toturnthingsaroundand
expresstheminnewways.
alityalsoemergesoutofpersonalcommitmenttoraisenewquestions,explorenewpossibilitiesandbewilling
toimplementideasthatmaynotintunewiththeconventionalwayofdoingthings.
Originalityisaveryimportantfactoraffectingthesuccessofscience,art,technology,retationof
inion,originalitymeansboth(1)thinkingsomethingthatwasnever
thoughtbefore,and(2)puttingoldideastogetherinnewways.
175.\"Itisalwaysanindividualwhoistheimpetusforinnovation;thedetailsmay\'beworkedoutbyateam,but
trueinnovationresultsfromtheenterpriseanduniqueperceptionofanindividual.\"
specttobusinessinnovation,Iagreethatitisthevisionandcommitmentofkeyindividuals-suchasafirm\'s
founderorchiefexecutive-fromwhichbusinessesburgeonandinnovativeproducts,services,andmarketingand
managementstrategiesemerge.
rkandindirkandindividual
enterprisearenotnecessaryinconsistent,ctedtowardthefirm\'sgoals,thetraitscan
motivateotherteammembers,therebyfacilitatinginnovation.
y\'sworld,scientificinnovationrequiresnotonlyindividualsofintenseenterpriseanduniqueperceptionbut
alsoextensiveteamsofresearchers.
177.\"tudyingthediscipline,we
seethesameworldasbefore,butwithdifferenteyes.\"
icdisciplineprovidesuswithvariousnewmethodologiestointerpretourworld,whichreshapesour
understandingofthereality.
echangeinourperceptionoftheworld,thewayweinteractwithourworldwillalsobechanged
correspondingly.
83.\"Asweacquiremoreknowledge,thingsdonotbecomemorecomprehensible,butmorecomplexandmore
mysterious.\"
ldintheeyesofprimitivetribeswasmuchsimplerandthusmore‘comprehensible’inasenseandcertainly
morebackward.
mparetheknownpartoftheworldtothespacewithinacircle,theunknownpartoftheworldaroundthecircle
growsasthecircleofourknowledgeexpands.
snoneedtofeelfrustratedabouttheincreasinglymorecomplexandmoremysteriousworldthatconfront
becauseourknowledgeintotalkeepsgrowingandcorrespondinglywearebecomingbetterequippedtocopewiththe
problemsthatemerge.
184.\"Itisagravemistaketotheorizebeforeonehasdata.\"
yconjuredupwithoutthebenefitofdataamountstolittlemorethanthetheorist\'shopesurmiseand
desire-whatheorshewanttobetrueorsupposetobetrue.
oristwilltendtoseekoutevidencethatsupportsthetheory,andoverlookorignoretheevidencethatrefute
rizingbeforecollectingdatathetheoristalsorunstheriskofinterpretingthatdatainamannerwhichmakes
itappeartolendmorecredencetothetheorythanitactuallydoes.
185.\"Scandals-whetherinpolitics,academia,cusourattentionon
problemsinwaysthatDOspeakerorreformerevercould.\"
nehand,scandalscansometimesservetocallourattentiontopervasivesocialorpoliticalproblemsthatwe
icspeakerorreformer
word格式-可编辑-感谢下载支持
couldhavecalledthenation\'sattentiontotheproblemofpresidentialmisconductunlessthescandalhadsurfaced.
therhand,scandalscansometimesservechieflytodistractusfrommorepressingcommunityorsocietal
problems.
186.\"Practicalityisnowourgreatidol,ngthatisnotobviously
practicalhaslittlevalueintoday\'sworld.\"
practicalage,practicalityhasindeedbecomeagreatidolineveryfieldofourlife.
heColdWar,worldcountrieshavelostenthusiasmingreatideals,whichisnotnecessarilyanegativeeffect.
ile,therehasbeenapuzzlinggrowthofinterestamongmanypeopleinunpracticalthingssuchasreligion,
adventure,traveling,arts,etc.,whichimpliesagrowingconcernaboutthespirituallifeinatechnologicalcivilization.
195\"Thegoalofpoliticsshouldnotbethepursuitofanideal,butratherthesearchforcommongroundand
reasonableconsensus.\"
ableconsensusandapoliticalidealneednotbemutuallyexclusive.
Example:rtogaintheopportunitytopursuetheiridealspoliticiansmustbuildsome
measureofconsensusalongtheway.
ertionfliesinfaceofthehistory.
stsarebetterabletosteerclearofshort-termthinking,near-sightedgoals,andself-servingmaneuverings.
Lackingidealismapoliticallead
politiciansseemdriventodaybytheirinterestinbeingelectedandreelected-thatis,inshort-termsurvival-ratherthanby
anysenseofmission,orevenobligationtotheirpeopleandcountry.
197.\"Thematerialprogressandwell-beingofonecountryarenecessarilyconnectedtothematerialprogress
andwell-beingofallothercountries.\"
nomicpursuitsofanynationtodayarenotonlyconnectedtobutactuallyinterwovenwiththoseofother
nations.
shavealsobecomeeither
detrimentalorbeneficialeffects:globalcomputerconnectivityhasservedtoheightennational-securityconcernsofall
rweaponetc.
ld\'snatiironmental
ouseeffect,Depletionofozone,identthatso-called
industrial\"progress\'letionofatmospheric
ozone,whichhaswarmedt
deforestationcausedthemorefrequentsandstormshavemoreandmoreendangerthepeople.
207.\"tthem,societiesorgroupsofpeoplehavea
diminishedsenseofwhotheyare.\"
withthespeakerinsofarasonepurposeofritualandceremonyintoday\'sworldistopreserveculturalidentity.
,isolatedculturesthatdonot
needtodistinguishthemselvestopreservetheiridentityneverthelessengageintheirowndistinctritualsand
tialpurposeofritualandceremonyisrootednotinculturalidentitybutrathersuperstitionand
spiritualbelief.
andceremonyarenottheonlymeansofpreservingculturalidentity.
208.\"Thewaypeoplelook,dress,tellmuchabouta
society\'sideasandvaluesbyobservingtheappearanceandbehaviorofitspeople.\"
ofdifferentcountriesdressdifferently:theFrenchdressromantically;theAmericansdresscolorfully;the
Japanesedressformally.
nginpeople’sdressingstylescoincidewithvaluechangesandofasociety.
word格式-可编辑-感谢下载支持
nomenonthatbluejeansorsomeotherfashionshavebecomeinternationalindicatesthetrendtowards
worldculturehomogeneity.
210.\"Mostpeoplechooseacareeronthebasisofsuchpragmaticconsiderationsastheneedsoftheeconomy,
therelativeeaseoffindingajob,anyoneisfreetochoosea
careerbasedonhisorhernaturaltalentsorinterestinaparticularkindofwork.\"
er-populatedworld,thejobmarketisalwaysthebuyer’smarket,whichmakesitalmostimpossibleforjob
seekerstochoosetheircareeratwill.
r,tobesuccessfulmeanstoknowwhatyouaredoing,tolikewhatyouaredoingandtobelievewhatyouare
doing.
212.\"Ifagoalisworthy,thenanymeanstakentoattainitisjustifiable.\"
r,inordertorestorepeaceandsocialorder,individualstatesortheinternationalcommunityhasrepeatedly
usedforceinhistory.
ldbealerttothepossibilitythatindividuals,organizationsorgovernmentstendtopleadaworthygoalin
excuseoftheircontemptiblemeansandprivateinterests.
214.\"Societyshouldidentifythosechildrenwhohavespecialtalentsandabilitiesandbegintrainingthematan
alentsarclikelytoremain
undeveloped.\"
certaininnatetalentsarenurturedandcultivatedintherightperiodofdevelopment,thatisduringearly
ll,howcana
childwhoismusicallygiftedeverseethosegiftscometofruitionwithoutaccesstoamusicalinstrument?
rednochanceforthetalenttoshow,giftedchildrenwithspecialtalentsmayliveandlearninthesamesituation
astheothercommonchildren,greatlossfor
thechildrenandforthesociety.
ingtoeducationaleffectiveness,itismorefairandeffectiveforallthechildrenwhentheysomechildrenwith
edandreceiveddistinctiveeducation.
218.\"Inorderforanyworkofart-whetherfilm,literature,sculpture,orasong-tohavemerit,itmustbe
understandabletomostpeople.\"
ietywheremostpeoplearepoorlyeducatedorevenuneducated,artisaluxurythatmostpeopleeitherhave
noaccesstoorsimplycannotappreciate.
rartsthathavethelargestaudiencedonotnecessarilyhavethehighestartisticvalue.
pularartsandhigh-browartsshouldhavetherighttodevelopandthrive.
226.\"Peoplearemistakenwhentheyassumethattheproblemstheyconfrontarcmorecomplexand
lusioniseventuallydispelledwithincreased
knowledgeandexperience.\"
nehand,thespeakeroverlookscertainsocietalproblemsuniquetotoday\'sworld,whicharecomplexand
reasinginterdependence-political,
military,economicandenvironmentalmakesproblemsfarmorecomplexthananalogousproblemsforindividualnations.
therhand,humanfacecertainuniversalandtimelessproblems,whichareneithermorenorlesscomplex
theseproblemsaretheonesthatspringfromthe
tailingsofhumannature.
235.\"alty-whethertoone\'sfriends,toone\'sschoolor
placeofemployment,ortoanyinstitution-isalltoooftenadestructiveratherthanapositiveforce.\"
word格式-可编辑-感谢下载支持
onshipbetweenspousyis
part-and-parcelofthattrust.
mentrelationshipsdependonsomemeasureofmutualloyalty,withoutwhichjobattritionwouldrunso
rampantthatsociety\'seconomicproductivitywouldvirtuallycometoahalt.
memutualloyaltybetweenasovereignstateanditscitizenrytherecanbenosecurityorsafetyfromeither
ietywouldquicklydevolveintoanarchyorintoadespoticstateorderedbybruteforce.
edly,misguidedoroverextendedloyaltycanamounttoadivisiveandeven
destructiveforce.