考研英语题目
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2023年2月18日发(作者：)2002年考研英语真题
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2002年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题
SectionIUseofEnglish
Directions:
thebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDon
ANSWERSHEET1.(10points).
Comparisonsweredrawnbetweenthedevelopmentoftelevisioninthe20thcenturyandthe
iscussed
before,itwasnot2the19thcenturythatthenewspaperbecamethedominantpre-electronic
3，fo
duringthesametimethatthecommunicationsrevolution5up,beginningwithtransport,the
railway,andleading6throughthetelegraph,thetelephone,radio,andmotionpictures7the
importanttodoso.
Itisgenerallyrecognized,9,thattheintroductionofthecomputerintheearly20thcentury,
10bytheinventionoftheintegratedcircuitduringthe1960s,radicallychangedtheprocess,11
wentby,computersbecamesmaller
andmorepowerful,andtheybecame“personal”too,aswellas13,withdisplaybecoming
rethoughtof,likepeople,15generations,
withthedistancebetweengenerationsmuch16.
Itwaswithinthecomputeragethattheterm“informationsociety”begantobewidelyusedto
municationsrevolutionhas18both
workandleisureandhowwethinkandfeelbothaboutplaceandtime,buttherehavebeen19
viewaboutitseconomic,political,socialandculturalimplications.“Benefits”havebeenweighed
20“harmful”eralizationshaveproveddifficult.
2
1.［A］between［B］before［C］since［D］later
2.［A］after［B］by［C］during［D］until
3.［A］means［B］method［C］medium［D］measure
4.［A］process［B］company［C］light［D］form
5.［A］gathered［B］speeded［C］worked［D］picked
6.［A］on［B］out［C］over［D］off
7.［A］of［B］for［C］beyond［D］into
8.［A］concept［B］dimension［C］effect［D］perspective
9.［A］indeed［B］hence［C］however［D］therefore
10.［A］brought［B］followed［C］stimulated［D］characterized
11.［A］unless［B］since［C］lest［D］although
12.［A］apparent［B］desirable［C］negative［D］plausible
13.［A］institutional［B］universal［C］fundamental［D］instrumental
14.［A］ability［B］capability［C］capacity［D］faculty
15.［A］bymeansof［B］intermsof［C］withregardto［D］inlinewith
16.［A］deeper［B］fewer［C］nearer［D］smaller
17.［A］context［B］range［C］scope［D］territory
18.［A］regarded［B］impressed［C］influenced［D］effected
19.［A］competitive［B］controversial［C］distracting［D］irrational
20.［A］above［B］upon［C］against［D］with
SectionIIReadingComprehension
PartA
Directions:
thequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosing[A],[B],[C]or[D].
MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(40points)
3
Text1
Ifyouintendusinghumorinyourtalktomakepeoplesmile,youmustknowhowtoidentify
mormustberelevanttotheaudienceandshouldhelpto
showthemthatyouareoneofthemorthatyouunderstandtheirsituationandareinsympathywith
ingonwhomyouareaddressing,
aretalkingtoagroupofmanagers,youmayrefertothedisorganizedmethodsoftheirsecretaries;
alternativelyifyouareaddressingsecretaries,youmaywanttocommentontheirdisorganizedbosses.
Hereisanexample,whichIheardatanurses’convention,ofastorywhichworkswellbecause
rivesinheavenandisbeingshownaround
wonderfulaccommodations,beautifulgardens,sunnyweather,andsoon.
Everyoneisverypeaceful,politeandfriendlyuntil,waitinginalineforlunch,thenewarrivalis
suddenlypushedasidebyamaninawhitecoat,whorushestotheheadoftheline,grabshisfoodand
stompsovertoatablebyhimself.“Whoisthat?”.“Oh,that’sGod,”
camethereply,“butsometimeshethinkshe’sadoctor.”
Ifyouarepartofthegroupwhichyouareaddressing,youwillbeinapositiontoknowthe
experiencesandproblemswhicharecommontoallofyouandit’llbeappropriateforyoutomakea
passingremarkabouttheinediblecanteenfoodorthechairman’her
audiencesyoumustn’tattempttocutinwithhumorastheywillresentanoutsidermakingdisparaging
lbeonsafergroundifyousticktoscapegoats
likethePostOfficeorthetelephonesystem.
Ifyoufeelawkwardbeinghumorous,e
afewcasualandapparentlyoff-the-cuffremarkswhichyoucandeliverinarelaxedandunforced
t’sthedeliverywhichcausestheaudiencetosmile,sospeakslowlyandrememberthat
araisedeyebroworanunbelievinglookmayhelptoshowthatyouaremakingalight-heartedremark.
onafamiliarquote“Ifatfirst
youdon’tsucceed,giveup”forexaggerationand
yourtalkandpickoutafewwordsorsentenceswhichyoucanturnaboutand
injectwithhumor.
4
yourhumorwork,youshould.
[A]takeadvantageofdifferentkindsofaudience
[B]makefunofthedisorganizedpeople
[C]addressdifferentproblemstodifferentpeople
[D]showsympathyforyourlisteners
eaboutdoctorsimpliesthat,intheeyesofnurses,theyare.
[A]impolitetonewarrivals
[B]veryconsciousoftheirgodlikerole
[C]entitledtosomeprivileges
[D]verybusyevenduringlunchhours
einferredfromthetextthatpublicservices.
[A]havebenefitedmanypeople
[B]arethefocusofpublicattention
[C]areaninappropriatesubjectforhumor
[D]haveoftenbeenthelaughingstock
evethedesiredresult,humorousstoriesshouldbedelivered.
[A]inwell-wordedlanguage
[B]asawkwardlyaspossible
[C]inexaggeratedstatements
[D]ascasuallyaspossible
ttitleforthetextmaybe.
[A]UseHumorEffectively
[B]VariousKindsofHumor
[C]AddHumortoSpeech
[D]DifferentHumorStrategies
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Text2
Sincethedawnofhumaningenuity,peoplehavedevisedevermorecunningtoolstocopewith
workthatisdangerous,boring,burdensome,mpulsionhasresultedin
robotics—cientistshaveyet
tocreatethemechanicalversionofsciencefiction,theyhavebeguntocomeclose.
Asaresult,themodernworldisincreasinglypopulatedbyintelligentgizmoswhosepresencewe
torieshumtothe
kingisdoneatautomatedtellerterminalsthatthankuswith
waytrainsarecontrolledbytirelessrobot-drivers.
Andthankstothecontinualminiaturizationofelectronicsandmicro-mechanics,therearealready
robotsystemsthatcanperformsomekindsofbrainandbonesurgerywithsubmillimeteraccuracy—
fargreaterprecisionthanhighlyskilledphysicianscanachievewiththeirhandsalone.
Butifrobotsaretoreachthenextstageoflaborsavingutility,theywillhavetooperatewithless
humansupervisionandbeabletomakeatleastafewdecisionsforthemselves—goalsthatposeareal
challenge.“Whileweknowhowtotellarobottohandleaspecificerror,\"saysDaveLavery,manager
ofaroboticsprogramatNASA,“wecan\'tyetgivearobotenough‘commonsense’toreliablyinteract
withadynamicworld.”
Indeedteaspellof
initialoptimisminthe1960sand1970swhenitappearedthattransistorcircuitsandmicroprocessors
mightbeabletocopytheactionofthehumanbrainbytheyear2010,researcherslatelyhavebegunto
extendthatforecastbydecadesifnotcenturies.
Whattheyfound,inattemptingtomodelthought,isthatthehumanbrain\'sroughlyonehundred
billionnervecellsaremuchmoretalented—andhumanperceptionfarmorecomplicated—than
vebuiltrobotsthatcanrecognizetheerrorofamachinepanelbya
humanmindcanglimpsearapidly
changingsceneandimmediatelydisregardthe98percentthatisirrelevant,instantaneouslyfocusing
onthemonkeyat
mostadvancedcomputersystemsonEarthcan\'tapproachthatkindofability,andneuroscientistsstill
don’tknowquitehowwedoit.
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ngenuitywasinitiallydemonstratedin.
[A]theuseofmachinestoproducesciencefiction.
[B]thewideuseofmachinesinmanufacturingindustry.
[C]theinventionoftoolsfordifficultanddangerouswork.
[D]theelite’scunningtacklingofdangerousandboringwork.
d“gizmos”(line1,paragraph2)mostprobablymeans.
[A]programs
[B]experts
[C]devices
[D]creatures
ingtothetext,whatisbeyondman\'sabilitynowistodesignarobotthatcan.
[A]fulfilldelicatetaskslikeperformingbrainsurgery.
[B]interactwithhumanbeingsverbally.
[C]havealittlecommonsense.
[D]respondindependentlytoachangingworld.
sreducinghumanlabor,robotscanalso.
[A]makeafewdecisionsforthemselves.
[B]dealwithsomeerrorswithhumanintervention.
[C]improvefactoryenvironments.
[D]cultivatehumancreativity.
horusestheexampleofamonkeytoarguethatrobotsare.
[A]expectedtocopyhumanbrainininternalstructure.
[B]abletoperceiveabnormalitiesimmediately.
[C]farlessablethanhumanbraininfocusingonrelevantinformation.
[D]bestusedinacontrolledenvironment.
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Text3
Couldthebadolddaysofeconomicdeclinebeabouttoreturn?SinceOPECagreedto
supply-cutsinMarch,thepriceofcrudeoilhasjumpedtoalmost$26abarrel,upfromlessthan$10
ar-triplingofoilpricescallsupscarymemoriesofthe1973oilshock,when
pricesquadrupled,and1979-1980,eviousshocksresultedin
earetheheadlineswarningofgloomand
doomthistime?
TheoilpricewasgivenanotherpushupthisweekwhenIraqsuspendedoilexports.
Strengtheningeconomicgrowth,atthesametimeaswintergripsthenorthernhemisphere,couldpush
thepricehigherstillintheshortterm.
Yettherearegoodreasonstoexpecttheeconomicconsequencesnowtobelessseverethaninthe
countriesthecostofcrudeoilnowaccountsforasmallershareofthepriceofpetrol
pe,taxesaccountforuptofour-fifthsoftheretailprice,soevenquite
bigchangesinthepriceofcrudehaveamoremutedeffectonpumppricesthaninthepast.
Richeconomiesarealsolessdependentonoilthantheywere,andsolesssensitivetoswingsin
conservation,ashifttootherfuelsandadeclineintheimportanceofheavy,
re,consultancyandmobile
hdollarofGDP(inconstantprices)rich
economiesnowusenearly50%DestimatesinitslatestEconomic
Outlookthat,ifoilpricesaveraged$22abarrelforafullyear,comparedwith$13in1998,thiswould
increasetheoilimportbillinricheconomiesbyonly0.25-0.5%lessthanone-quarter
therhand,oil-importingemergingeconomies—towhich
heavyindustryhasshifted—havebecomemoreenergy-intensive,andsocouldbemoreseriously
squeezed.
Onemorereasonnottolosesleepovertheriseinoilpricesisthat,unliketherisesinthe1970s,it
hasnotoccurredagainstthebackgroundofgeneralcommodity-priceinflationandglobalexcess
nomist’s
1973commoditypricesjumpedby
70%,andin1979byalmost30%.
8
nreasonforthelatestriseofoilpriceis_______
[A]globalinflation.
[B]reductioninsupply.
[C]fastgrowthineconomy.
[D]Iraq’ssuspensionofexports.
einferredfromthetextthattheretailpriceofpetrolwillgoupdramaticallyif______.
[A]priceofcruderises.
[B]commoditypricesrise.
[C]consumptionrises.
[D]oiltaxesrise.
imatesinEconomicOutlookshowthatinrichcountries_______.
［A］heavyindustrybecomesmoreenergy-intensive.
［B］incomelossmainlyresultsfromfluctuatingcrudeoilprices.
［C］manufacturingindustryhasbeenseriouslysqueezed.
［D］oilpricechangeshavenosignificantimpactonGDP.
rawaconclusionfromthetextthat_______.
［A］oil-priceshocksarelessshockingnow.
［B］inflationseemsirrelevanttooil-priceshocks.
［C］energyconservationcankeepdowntheoilprices.
［D］thepriceriseofcrudeleadstotheshrinkingofheavyindustry.
etextwecanseethatthewriterseems.
［A］optimistic.
［B］sensitive.
［C］gloomy.
［D］scared
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Text4
TheSupremeCourt’sdecisionsonphysician-assistedsuicidecarryimportantimplicationsfor
howmedicineseekstorelievedyingpatientsofpainandsuffering.
Althoughitruledthatthereisnoconstitutionalrighttophysician-assistedsuicide,theCourtin
effectsupportedthemedicalprincipleof“doubleeffect”,acenturies-oldmoralprincipleholdingthat
anactionhavingtwoeffects—agoodonethatisintendedandaharmfulonethatisforeseen—is
permissibleiftheactorintendsonlythegoodeffect.
Doctorshaveusedthatprincipleinrecentyearstojustifyusinghighdosesofmorphinetocontrol
terminallyillpatients’pain,eventhoughincreasingdosageswilleventuallykillthepatient.
NancyDubler,directorofMontefioreMedicalCenter,contendsthattheprinciplewillshield
doctorswho“untilnowhavevery,verystronglyinsistedthattheycouldnotgivepatientssufficient
medicationtocontroltheirpainifthatmighthastendeath”.
GeorgeAnnas,chairofthehealthlawdepartmentatBostonUniversity,maintainsthat,aslongas
adoctorprescribesadrugforalegitimatemedicalpurpose,thedoctorhasdonenothingillegalevenif
thepatientusesthedrugtohastendeath.“It’slikesurgery,”hesays.“Wedon’tcallthosedeaths
homicidesbecausethedoctorsdidn’tintendtokilltheirpatients,
you’reaphysician,youcanriskyourpatient’ssuicideaslongasyoudon’tintendtheirsuicide.”
Onanotherlevel,manyinthemedicalcommunityacknowledgethattheassisted-suicidedebate
hasbeenfueledinpartbythedespairofpatientsforwhommodernmedicinehasprolongedthe
physicalagonyofdying.
JustthreeweeksbeforetheCourt’srulingonphysician-assistedsuicide,theNationalAcademyof
Science(NAS)releasedatwo-volumereport,ApproachingDeath:ImprovingCareattheEndofLife.
Itidentifiestheundertreatmentofpainandtheaggressiveuseof“ineffectualandforcedmedical
proceduresthatmayprolongandevendishonortheperiodofdying”asthetwinproblemsof
end-of-lifecare.
Theprofessionistakingstepstorequireyoungdoctorstotraininhospices,totestknowledgeof
aggressivepainmanagementtherapies,todevelopaMedicarebillingcodeforhospital-basedcare,and
todevelopnewstandardsforassessingandtreatingpainattheendoflife.
Annassayslawyerscanplayakeyroleininsistingthatthesewell-meaningmedicalinitiatives
translateintobettercare.“Largenumbersofphysiciansseemunconcernedwiththepaintheirpatients
areneedlesslyandpredictablysuffering”,totheextentthatitconstitutes“systematicpatientabuse”.
Hesaysmedicallicensingboards“mustmakeitclear...thatpainfuldeathsarepresumptivelyonesthat
areincompetentlymanagedandshouldresultinlicensesuspension”.
10
efirstthreeparagraphs,welearnthat.
[A]doctorsusedtoincreasedrugdosagestocontroltheirpatients’pain
[B]itisstillillegalfordoctorstohelpthedyingendtheirlives
[C]theSupremeCourtstronglyopposesphysician-assistedsuicide
[D]patientshavenoconstitutionalrighttocommitsuicide
fthefollowingstatementsitstrueaccordingtothetext?
[A]Doctorswillbeheldguiltyiftheyrisktheirpatients’death.
[B]Modernmedicinehasassistedterminallyillpatientsinpainlessrecovery.
[C]TheCourtruledthathigh-dosagepain-relievingmedicationcanbeprescribed.
[D]Adoctor’smedicationisnolongerjustifiedbyhisintentions.
ingtotheNAS’sreport,oneoftheproblemsinend-of-lifecareis.
[A]prolongedmedicalprocedures
[B]inadequatetreatmentofpain
[C]systematicdrugabuse
[D]insufficienthospitalcare
fthefollowingbestdefinestheword“aggressive”(line3,paragraph7)?
[A]Bold.
[B]Harmful.
[C]Careless.
[D]Desperate
Annaswouldprobablyagreethatdoctorsshouldbepunishedifthey.
[A]managetheirpatientsincompetently
[B]givepatientsmoremedicinethanneeded
[C]reducedrugdosagesfortheirpatients
[D]prolongtheneedlesssufferingofthepatients
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PartB
Directions:
Readthefollowi
translationshouldbewrittenclearlyonANSWERSHEET2.(10points)
Almostallourmajorproblemsinvolvehumanbehavior,andtheycannotbesolvedbyphysical
neededisatechnologyofbehavior,butwehavebeenslowto
developthesciencefromwhichsuchatechnologymightbedrawn.
（
41
）
Onedifficultyisthatalmost
allofwhatiscalledbehavioralsciencecontinuestotracebehaviortostatesofmind,feelings,traitsof
character,humannature,sandbiologyoncefollowedsimilarpracticesandadvanced
onlywhentheydiscardedthem.
（
42
）
Thebehavioralscienceshavebeenslowtochangepartly
becausetheexplanatoryitemsoftenseemtobedirectlyobservedandpartlybecauseotherkindsof
ironmentisobviouslyimportant,butitsrolehasremained
notpushorpull,itselects,andthisfunctionisdifficulttodiscoverandanalyze.
（
43
）
Theroleofnaturalselectioninevolutionwasformulatedonlyalittlemorethanahundredyearsago,
andtheselectiveroleoftheenvironmentinshapingandmaintainingthebehavioroftheindividualis
nteractionbetweenorganismandenvironment
hascometobeunderstood,however,effectsonceassignedtostatesofmind,feelings,andtraitsare
beginningtobetracedtoaccessibleconditions,andatechnologyofbehaviormaythereforebecome
notsolveourproblems,however,untilitreplacestraditionalprescientificviews,and
manddignityillustratethedifficulty.
（
44
）
Theyarethe
possessionsoftheautonomous
（
self-governing
）
manoftraditionaltheory,andtheyareessentialto
practicesinwhichapersonisheldresponsibleforhisconductandgivencreditforhisachievements.A
scientificanalyraises
questionsconcerning“values”.Whowilluseatechnologyandtowhatends?
（
45
）
Untiltheseissues
areresolved,atechnologyofbehaviorwillcontinuetoberejected,andwithitpossiblytheonlywayto
solveourproblems.
12
SectionIIIWriting
ions:
Studythefollowingpicturecarefullyandwriteanessayentitled“CulturesNationaland
International”.
Intheessayyoushould
1)describethepictureandinterpretitsmeaning,and
2)giveyourcommentonthephenomenon.
Youshouldwriteabout200wordsneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.(20points)
AnAmericangirlintraditionalChinesecostume（服装）