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同位语从句ppt

发布时间:2023-06-06 作者:admin 来源:文学

同位语从句ppt

同位语从句ppt

崇与祟的区别-莫拉比

2023年2月20日发(作者:杜甫《登高》)

同位语从句

◆◆◆辨认同位语从句

在复合句中充当同位语的名词性从句称为同位语从句。一个名词(或其它形式)对另

一个名词或代词进行修饰,限定或说明,这个名词(或其它形式)就是同位语。同位语与被

它限定的词的格要一致,并常常紧挨在一起。

1.名词作同位语

,mychild’steacher,willbevisitingusonTuesday.王先生,我孩子

的老师,星期二要来看我们。

2.短语作同位语

I,theoldestgirlinthefamily,alwayshadtocarefortheotherchildren.

我,作为家里最大的女孩,老得照料家中的其他孩子。

3.直接引语作同位语

Butnowthequestioncomestotheirminds,“Didshedieyoungbecauseshewas

aclone?”但是现在他们不得不思考这样的问题:“多利早死是因为它是一只克隆羊吗?”

4.句子作同位语

ThegirlsweresurprisedatthefactthatoceanshipscansailuptheGreatlakes.

巨大的海轮可以开到五大湖,让表姐妹俩感到吃惊。

◆◆◆同位语从句用法

一、同位语从句一般跟在某些名词后面,用以说明该名词表示的具体内容。

Iheardthenewsthatourteamhadwon.我听到了我们队获胜的消息。

①可以跟同位语从句的抽象名词通常有news,idea,fact,promise,question,doubt,

thought,hope,message,suggestion,words(消息),possibility等。(承诺信息主意

是事实;疑问想法与问题;希望消息建议是潜力。)

I’thamessagethathewon’tbeabletoseeyouthis

afternoon.我从王先生那里来,他让我告诉你他今天下午不能来看你了。

②在某些名词表“建议,命令,要求等”(如demand,wish,suggestion,resolution等)

后面的同位语从句要用虚拟语气(即should+动词原形;should可省)

TherewasasuggestionthatBrownshouldbedroppedfromtheteam.有一项建议是

布朗应该离队。

③同位语从句前名词的数:同位语从句前的名词通常用单数形式,并且往往带有限定词

(word除外)加以修饰。

WheredidyougettheideathatIcouldnotcome?你在哪儿听说我不能来?

二、英语中引导同位语从句的词通有连词that,whether,连接代词what,who。

连接副词how,when,where等。(注:if,which不能引导同位语从句。)

1.连词that引导同位语从句(注:引导同位语从句的that不能省略)

Theideathatyoucandothisworkwellwithoutthinkingisquitewrong.你认为不

动脑筋就能做好这件工作的想法是完全错误的。(作idea的同位语)

【注意】引导同位语从句的连词that通常不省略,但在非正式文体中也可以省去。

HegrabbedhissuitcaseandgavetheimpressionhewasboardingtheTokyoplane.

他拿起了手提箱,给人的印象是他要登上飞往东京的飞机了。

2.连词whether引导同位语从句(注:if不能引导同位语从句)

Thequestionwhetherweshouldcallinaspecialistwasansweredbythefamilydoctor.

我们是否请专家由家庭医生来定。

Hemustanswerthequestionwhetherheagreestoitornot.他必须回答他是否同意

这样一个问题。

3.其它引导词引导的同位语从句

A、连接代词what,who,whom,whose引导同位语从句

1).Ihavenoideawhatsizeshoesshewears.我不知道她穿几号的鞋。(what作定语)

2).Thequestionwhowilltakehisplaceisstillnotclear.(who作主语)

B、连接副词when,where,how,why引导同位语从句

Wehaven’tyetsettledthequestionwherewearegoingtospendoursummervacation.

到哪儿去度暑假,这个问题我们还没有决定。

lhavenoideaWhenhewillbeback.我不知道他什么时候回来。

MyquestionhowIshallgetintouchwithhimhasnotbeenanswered.

三、有时同位语从句可以不紧跟在说明的名词后面,而被别的词隔开。在语法

上叫做分隔式同位语从句。

Thethoughtcametohimthatmaybetheenemyhadfledthecity.

他突然想起可能敌人已经逃出城了。

Severalyearslater,wordcamethatNapoleonhimselfwascomingtoinspectthem.

几年以后,有消息传来说拿破仑要亲自视察他们。

◆◆◆定语从句与同位语从句的区别

1.意义的不同

同位语从句是用于说明所修饰名词的具体内容的,它与被修饰词语通常可以划等号;

而定语从句是限制所修饰名词的,它的作用是将所修饰的名词与其他类似的东西区别开来:

Wearegladatthenewsthathewillcome.听到他要来这个消息我们很高兴。(news

的内容就是thathewillcome,故that引导的是同位语从句)

Wearegladatthenewsthathetoldus.听到他告诉我们的这个消息我们很高兴。(that

从句是限制thenews的内容的,即我们高兴只是因为他告诉的这个news而不是其他的news,

故that从句为定语从句)

2.被修饰词语的区别

A.定语从句的先行词是名词或代词;而同位语从句的先行词只能是名词,而且仅限于idea,

plan,fact,theory,promise,hope,news,doubt,truth,information,suggestion,

question,thought,belief,conclusion等少数名词。

例如:

①Theboywhoisplayingfootballismyclassmate.

②Thosewhoworkhardwillsucceed.

③Thefactthathehadnotsaidanythingsurprisedeverybody.

④Thefactthatyouaretalkingaboutisimportant.

在①句中,划线部分是定语从句,其先行词是名词boy,它不能用作同位语从句的先行

词。

在②句中,划线部分也是定语从句,其先行词是代词those,代词不能用作同位语从句

的先行词。

在③句中,划线部分是同位语从句,其先行词是名词fact,它同样可以用作定语从句

的先行词,④句便是一例。

由以上分析可见,同位语从句的先行词一定可以用作定语从句的先行词,但定语从句的

先行词不一定能用作同位语从句的先行词。

B.when,where,why引导的定语从句的先行词一定分别是表示时间、地点和原因的名

词,而三者引导的同位语从句的先行词则肯定不是表示时间、地点和原因的名词。

例如:

①IstillrememberthedaywhenIfirstcametoBeijing.

②Ihavenoideawhenshewillbeback.

在①句中,划线部分是when引导的定语从句,其先行词day是表示时间的名词;

在②句中,划线部分是when引导的同位语从句,其先行词idea则不是表示时间的名词。

3.引导词的不同

定语从句和同位语从句共同的引导词有四个:that,when,where,why。下面把四个

引导词分成两类说明它们在两种从句中的不同用法。

A.引导词that

引导定语从句的that叫做关系代词,它除了起连接作用,还在定语从句中充当一定成

分,并且在意义上代表先行词;引导同位语从句的that叫做从属连词,它只起连接作用。

不能省略。

例如:

①Thenewsthatyoutoldmeyesterdaywasreallyexciting.

②Weheardthenewsthatourteamhadwon.

在①句中,划线部分是定语从句,that在从句中作宾语,在意义上指代先行词news。

在②句中,划线部分是同位语从句,that没有任何意义,只起连接作用。

that引导同位语从句时,它不充当句子成分,而引导定语从句时,它作为关系代词,

要么充当定语从句的主语,要么充当定语从句的宾语。如上例thathetoldus中的that

就充当told的宾语。

B.引导词when,where,why

引导定语从句时,它们叫做关系副词,在从句中充当状语,可以转换成"介词+关系代

词"的形式;引导同位语从句时,它们叫做连接副词,在从句中充当状语,但不能转换成"

介词+关系代词"的形式。

例如:

①IwillneverforgetthedaywhenIjoinedthearmy.

②Wehavenoideawhenshewasborn.

在①句中,划线部分是定语从句,when在从句中作状语,它可以转换成onwhich的形

式;

在②句中,划线部分是同位语从句,when在从句中充当状语,但不能转换成"介词+

关系代词"的形式。

③ThisisthehousewhereIlivedtwoyearsago.

④Heputforwardtothequestionwherethemeetingwouldbeheld.

在③句中,划线部分是定语从句,where在从句中作状语,它可以转换成inwhich的

形式;

在④句中,划线部分是同位语从句,where在从句中充当状语,但不能转换成"介词+

关系代词"的形式。

⑤Thisisthereasonwhyshewillnotattendthemeeting.

⑥TheteacherhadnoideawhyJackwasabsent.

在⑤句中,划线部分是定语从句,why在从句中作状语,它可以转换成forwhich的形

式;在⑥句中,划线部分是同位语从句,why在从句中充当状语,但不能转换成"介词+关

系代词"的形式。

◆◆◆同位语从句-相关语法

1、同位语从句在句中的位置

1.一般情况下同位语从句跟在某些名词(如news,idea,fact,promise,hope,message

等)的后面,用以说明该名词所表达的具体内容。

I’vecomefromMrWangwithamessagethathewon’tbeabletoseeyouthis

afternoon.我从王先生那边得知一个消息,他说他今天下午不能来看你了。

2.有时同位语从句可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后,而被别的词语隔开,在语法上叫

做分隔式同位语从句。

Thethoughtcametoherthatmaybeshehadleftthedooropenwhenshelefthome.

她突然想起可能在她离开家时没把门关上。

2、同位语从句前名词的数

同位语从句前的名词通常用单数形式,并且往往带有限定词(word除外)加以修饰。

WheredidyougettheideathatIcouldnotcome?你在哪儿听说我不能来?

3、同位语从句的语气

在suggestion,advice,request,order等意为“建议;命令;要求”的名词后,同

位语从句中的谓语动词通常用“should+动词原形”的虚拟语气结构,句中的should可以

省略。

Ourteachergaveussomeadvicehowwe(should)usethecomputer.老师给我们提

出了一些如何使用电脑的建议。

4、同位语从句的先行词

同位语从句的先行词通常是抽象名词,常见的有:idea,situationthought,fact,

evidence,belief,doubt,fear,hope,question,theory,news,order,ability等等。

HowdidthecheatsexplainthefactthattheEmperordidn'tfeelthenewclothes

inhim?皇帝觉得身上并没有穿上新衣,对这个问题骗子是怎样解释的?

代词it可用作同位语从句的先行词。这个it常放在某些动词或短语动词后作宾语,

同时兼作其后that同位语从句的先行词。

IoweittoyouthatIamstillalive.幸亏你,我现在还活着。

有的语法学家把先行词it后的that从句看作是动词或介词的真正宾语。一般认为,

这种it后的that从句应看作it的同位语,因为它相当于“主语+be+表语”结构。

Youmustseetoitthatthechildrendon'tcatchcold.(=Youmustseetoit,

andItisthatthechildrendon'tcatchcold.)你要当心,别让孩子们着凉了。

5、短语及固定句式后的同位语从句

IwillcomeonconditionthatJohnisinvited.如果约翰也被邀请的话,我就来。

简析:短语Oncondition,onsupposition,ontheground(s),ontheunderstanding,

withtheexception,inspiteofthefact,ontheassumption及句式ThereBE+no

doubt(hope,chance,possibility,…)后的that从句为同位语从句。

练习题

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hat

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tlesheearns

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mewouldyoupleasetellme________

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38._______didhetellhiswife________hewishedtodo

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hat

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66._______makesmistakesmustcorrectthem.

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…thatyouhadexpected

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【答案】

61-65DABCD66-70CACDB71-75CBBCA

76-80CCCCD81-85BADBC86-90ABDBA

91-95CABCB96-100CCCBD

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