
同位语从句ppt
崇与祟的区别-莫拉比
2023年2月20日发(作者:杜甫《登高》)同位语从句
◆◆◆辨认同位语从句
在复合句中充当同位语的名词性从句称为同位语从句。一个名词(或其它形式)对另
一个名词或代词进行修饰,限定或说明,这个名词(或其它形式)就是同位语。同位语与被
它限定的词的格要一致,并常常紧挨在一起。
1.名词作同位语
,mychild’steacher,willbevisitingusonTuesday.王先生,我孩子
的老师,星期二要来看我们。
2.短语作同位语
I,theoldestgirlinthefamily,alwayshadtocarefortheotherchildren.
我,作为家里最大的女孩,老得照料家中的其他孩子。
3.直接引语作同位语
Butnowthequestioncomestotheirminds,“Didshedieyoungbecauseshewas
aclone?”但是现在他们不得不思考这样的问题:“多利早死是因为它是一只克隆羊吗?”
4.句子作同位语
ThegirlsweresurprisedatthefactthatoceanshipscansailuptheGreatlakes.
巨大的海轮可以开到五大湖,让表姐妹俩感到吃惊。
◆◆◆同位语从句用法
一、同位语从句一般跟在某些名词后面,用以说明该名词表示的具体内容。
Iheardthenewsthatourteamhadwon.我听到了我们队获胜的消息。
①可以跟同位语从句的抽象名词通常有news,idea,fact,promise,question,doubt,
thought,hope,message,suggestion,words(消息),possibility等。(承诺信息主意
是事实;疑问想法与问题;希望消息建议是潜力。)
I’thamessagethathewon’tbeabletoseeyouthis
afternoon.我从王先生那里来,他让我告诉你他今天下午不能来看你了。
②在某些名词表“建议,命令,要求等”(如demand,wish,suggestion,resolution等)
后面的同位语从句要用虚拟语气(即should+动词原形;should可省)
TherewasasuggestionthatBrownshouldbedroppedfromtheteam.有一项建议是
布朗应该离队。
③同位语从句前名词的数:同位语从句前的名词通常用单数形式,并且往往带有限定词
(word除外)加以修饰。
WheredidyougettheideathatIcouldnotcome?你在哪儿听说我不能来?
二、英语中引导同位语从句的词通有连词that,whether,连接代词what,who。
连接副词how,when,where等。(注:if,which不能引导同位语从句。)
1.连词that引导同位语从句(注:引导同位语从句的that不能省略)
Theideathatyoucandothisworkwellwithoutthinkingisquitewrong.你认为不
动脑筋就能做好这件工作的想法是完全错误的。(作idea的同位语)
【注意】引导同位语从句的连词that通常不省略,但在非正式文体中也可以省去。
HegrabbedhissuitcaseandgavetheimpressionhewasboardingtheTokyoplane.
他拿起了手提箱,给人的印象是他要登上飞往东京的飞机了。
2.连词whether引导同位语从句(注:if不能引导同位语从句)
Thequestionwhetherweshouldcallinaspecialistwasansweredbythefamilydoctor.
我们是否请专家由家庭医生来定。
Hemustanswerthequestionwhetherheagreestoitornot.他必须回答他是否同意
这样一个问题。
3.其它引导词引导的同位语从句
A、连接代词what,who,whom,whose引导同位语从句
1).Ihavenoideawhatsizeshoesshewears.我不知道她穿几号的鞋。(what作定语)
2).Thequestionwhowilltakehisplaceisstillnotclear.(who作主语)
B、连接副词when,where,how,why引导同位语从句
Wehaven’tyetsettledthequestionwherewearegoingtospendoursummervacation.
到哪儿去度暑假,这个问题我们还没有决定。
lhavenoideaWhenhewillbeback.我不知道他什么时候回来。
MyquestionhowIshallgetintouchwithhimhasnotbeenanswered.
三、有时同位语从句可以不紧跟在说明的名词后面,而被别的词隔开。在语法
上叫做分隔式同位语从句。
Thethoughtcametohimthatmaybetheenemyhadfledthecity.
他突然想起可能敌人已经逃出城了。
Severalyearslater,wordcamethatNapoleonhimselfwascomingtoinspectthem.
几年以后,有消息传来说拿破仑要亲自视察他们。
◆◆◆定语从句与同位语从句的区别
1.意义的不同
同位语从句是用于说明所修饰名词的具体内容的,它与被修饰词语通常可以划等号;
而定语从句是限制所修饰名词的,它的作用是将所修饰的名词与其他类似的东西区别开来:
Wearegladatthenewsthathewillcome.听到他要来这个消息我们很高兴。(news
的内容就是thathewillcome,故that引导的是同位语从句)
Wearegladatthenewsthathetoldus.听到他告诉我们的这个消息我们很高兴。(that
从句是限制thenews的内容的,即我们高兴只是因为他告诉的这个news而不是其他的news,
故that从句为定语从句)
2.被修饰词语的区别
A.定语从句的先行词是名词或代词;而同位语从句的先行词只能是名词,而且仅限于idea,
plan,fact,theory,promise,hope,news,doubt,truth,information,suggestion,
question,thought,belief,conclusion等少数名词。
例如:
①Theboywhoisplayingfootballismyclassmate.
②Thosewhoworkhardwillsucceed.
③Thefactthathehadnotsaidanythingsurprisedeverybody.
④Thefactthatyouaretalkingaboutisimportant.
在①句中,划线部分是定语从句,其先行词是名词boy,它不能用作同位语从句的先行
词。
在②句中,划线部分也是定语从句,其先行词是代词those,代词不能用作同位语从句
的先行词。
在③句中,划线部分是同位语从句,其先行词是名词fact,它同样可以用作定语从句
的先行词,④句便是一例。
由以上分析可见,同位语从句的先行词一定可以用作定语从句的先行词,但定语从句的
先行词不一定能用作同位语从句的先行词。
B.when,where,why引导的定语从句的先行词一定分别是表示时间、地点和原因的名
词,而三者引导的同位语从句的先行词则肯定不是表示时间、地点和原因的名词。
例如:
①IstillrememberthedaywhenIfirstcametoBeijing.
②Ihavenoideawhenshewillbeback.
在①句中,划线部分是when引导的定语从句,其先行词day是表示时间的名词;
在②句中,划线部分是when引导的同位语从句,其先行词idea则不是表示时间的名词。
3.引导词的不同
定语从句和同位语从句共同的引导词有四个:that,when,where,why。下面把四个
引导词分成两类说明它们在两种从句中的不同用法。
A.引导词that
引导定语从句的that叫做关系代词,它除了起连接作用,还在定语从句中充当一定成
分,并且在意义上代表先行词;引导同位语从句的that叫做从属连词,它只起连接作用。
不能省略。
例如:
①Thenewsthatyoutoldmeyesterdaywasreallyexciting.
②Weheardthenewsthatourteamhadwon.
在①句中,划线部分是定语从句,that在从句中作宾语,在意义上指代先行词news。
在②句中,划线部分是同位语从句,that没有任何意义,只起连接作用。
that引导同位语从句时,它不充当句子成分,而引导定语从句时,它作为关系代词,
要么充当定语从句的主语,要么充当定语从句的宾语。如上例thathetoldus中的that
就充当told的宾语。
B.引导词when,where,why
引导定语从句时,它们叫做关系副词,在从句中充当状语,可以转换成"介词+关系代
词"的形式;引导同位语从句时,它们叫做连接副词,在从句中充当状语,但不能转换成"
介词+关系代词"的形式。
例如:
①IwillneverforgetthedaywhenIjoinedthearmy.
②Wehavenoideawhenshewasborn.
在①句中,划线部分是定语从句,when在从句中作状语,它可以转换成onwhich的形
式;
在②句中,划线部分是同位语从句,when在从句中充当状语,但不能转换成"介词+
关系代词"的形式。
③ThisisthehousewhereIlivedtwoyearsago.
④Heputforwardtothequestionwherethemeetingwouldbeheld.
在③句中,划线部分是定语从句,where在从句中作状语,它可以转换成inwhich的
形式;
在④句中,划线部分是同位语从句,where在从句中充当状语,但不能转换成"介词+
关系代词"的形式。
⑤Thisisthereasonwhyshewillnotattendthemeeting.
⑥TheteacherhadnoideawhyJackwasabsent.
在⑤句中,划线部分是定语从句,why在从句中作状语,它可以转换成forwhich的形
式;在⑥句中,划线部分是同位语从句,why在从句中充当状语,但不能转换成"介词+关
系代词"的形式。
◆◆◆同位语从句-相关语法
1、同位语从句在句中的位置
1.一般情况下同位语从句跟在某些名词(如news,idea,fact,promise,hope,message
等)的后面,用以说明该名词所表达的具体内容。
I’vecomefromMrWangwithamessagethathewon’tbeabletoseeyouthis
afternoon.我从王先生那边得知一个消息,他说他今天下午不能来看你了。
2.有时同位语从句可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后,而被别的词语隔开,在语法上叫
做分隔式同位语从句。
Thethoughtcametoherthatmaybeshehadleftthedooropenwhenshelefthome.
她突然想起可能在她离开家时没把门关上。
2、同位语从句前名词的数
同位语从句前的名词通常用单数形式,并且往往带有限定词(word除外)加以修饰。
WheredidyougettheideathatIcouldnotcome?你在哪儿听说我不能来?
3、同位语从句的语气
在suggestion,advice,request,order等意为“建议;命令;要求”的名词后,同
位语从句中的谓语动词通常用“should+动词原形”的虚拟语气结构,句中的should可以
省略。
Ourteachergaveussomeadvicehowwe(should)usethecomputer.老师给我们提
出了一些如何使用电脑的建议。
4、同位语从句的先行词
同位语从句的先行词通常是抽象名词,常见的有:idea,situationthought,fact,
evidence,belief,doubt,fear,hope,question,theory,news,order,ability等等。
HowdidthecheatsexplainthefactthattheEmperordidn'tfeelthenewclothes
inhim?皇帝觉得身上并没有穿上新衣,对这个问题骗子是怎样解释的?
代词it可用作同位语从句的先行词。这个it常放在某些动词或短语动词后作宾语,
同时兼作其后that同位语从句的先行词。
IoweittoyouthatIamstillalive.幸亏你,我现在还活着。
有的语法学家把先行词it后的that从句看作是动词或介词的真正宾语。一般认为,
这种it后的that从句应看作it的同位语,因为它相当于“主语+be+表语”结构。
Youmustseetoitthatthechildrendon'tcatchcold.(=Youmustseetoit,
andItisthatthechildrendon'tcatchcold.)你要当心,别让孩子们着凉了。
5、短语及固定句式后的同位语从句
IwillcomeonconditionthatJohnisinvited.如果约翰也被邀请的话,我就来。
简析:短语Oncondition,onsupposition,ontheground(s),ontheunderstanding,
withtheexception,inspiteofthefact,ontheassumption及句式ThereBE+no
doubt(hope,chance,possibility,…)后的that从句为同位语从句。
练习题
cesswasbecauseof________hehadbeenworkinghard.
t
2."IsMaryfromNewYorkCity""Idon'tknow_______."
atcitydoesshecomefrom
atcityshecome
tydoesshecomefrom
tyshecomesfrom
3.________makesmistakesmustcorrectthem.
er
sonwhyIdidn'tgotoShanghaiwas________anewjob.
eofgetting
ot
iedherabit____herhairwasturninggrey.
illedthedog.I'llaskhimwhy________.
hat
oneso
useenHenrylatelyMybosswantstoknow________.
sgettingalong
egettingalong
isgettingalong
hegettingalong
nerallyconsideredunwisetogiveachild____heorshewants.
er
dme________withme.
ongwas
oubleitis
e________hesaidistrue.
at
dwhyhecamehere________yet.
known
tbee
rhowmuch________.
watchcost
chcosts
________someonemightrecognizeher.
for
14.________isnoreasonfordismissingher.
eshewasafewminuteslate
oafewminuteslate
tthatshewasafewminuteslate
fewminuteslate
metotheconclusion________byacomputer.
tallthingscanbedone
eofnotallthingsbedone
otallthingscanbedone
enotallthingscanbedone
explosionoccurredwas________thelaboratoryattendanthadbeen
careless.
'tdoubt________he'llcome.
r
18."Whydidyougotothewrongclass,"
"Well,Iforget_______Iwassupposedtogoto."
omwasit
isnowsixtimes________itwasbeforeliberation.
h
:Helenisamerewasherwoman,yetshe'snowbuyingabighouse.
Carol:eshe'salwayssaved________.
tlesheearns
ttlesheearns
21._______surprisedmemostwas________suchalittleboyofsevencouldplaythe
violinsowell.
............which
him________helpwecould.
leasedwithwhatyouhavegivenhimand________youhavetoldhim.
t
mewouldyoupleasetellme________
esportsmeetistakenplace
thesportsmeetgoingtobeheld
thesportsmeettobegin
esportsmeetistotakeplace
appentoknow________
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shoeshewears
thesizeofhisshoes
mbershoesarehis
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haveobserved
tyouhaveobserved
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oyouthink________
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'
now________
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hpopulationthereisintheworld
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epopulationoftheworldis
ougoandsee________outside
mhashappened
ematterhadbeen
jectof"WhatisinterestingisthatIdonotevenknowhim."is_______.
interestingD.I
31.________IthinkheisCharles.
outhinkheis
hinkwhoheis
youthinkheis
hinkwhoheis
'tknowwhichroom________.
vedin
ylivein
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t
36.________wegoswimmingeveryday________usalotofgood.
......do
......does
37.________wastheidea_______thewifethoughtof
............how
38._______didhetellhiswife________hewishedtodo
............where
hemenheldtheview________thebooksaidwasright.
hat
oidea________ornothehasfinishedthework.
41."Doyouknow________""Hisfatherisadoctor."
isfather
fatheris
________wemeteachothertwoyearsago
hich
________Bobdrivesbadly.
ghtthat
nowthetruth________thereareair,waterandsunlighttherearelivingthings.
erever
scussed________theycouldsettletheproblemwithoutothers'help.
r
ed________.
asdoingwhensherangmeup
sIdoingwhensherangmeup
erangmeupwhatIwasdoing
dsheringmeupwhatIwasdoing
47.-MayIborrowthering
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thathewasfondof________.
beautiful
isbeautiful
stedthathe________ingoodhealthand_______toworkthere.
,,,,send
now________heexpectswillgiveusatalk
'suncertain________theexperimentisworthdoing.
uldhavefixedthetelephoneyesterday_________itwasaholiday.
53.________istodogoodallone'slifeandneverdoanythingbad.
erwhatishard
tishard
54.________theboydidn'ttakemedicinemadehismotherangry.
aywasfine,Imadethesuggestion________forawalkinthepark.
go
56.____wecan'tgetseemsbetterthan____wehave.
,,,,what
57.____youdon'tlikehimisnoneofmybusiness.
r
'timagine____whentheyreceivedtheseniceChristmaspresents.
itedtheywere
rehowexcited
59.____we'llgocampingtomorrowdependsontheweather.
60________hereallymeansis________hedisagreeswithus.
……what
……what
61._________isgoingtodothejobwillbedecidedbythePartycommittee.
62._______we'llfinishtranslatingthebookdependsonthetime.
63._______thehousewillbebuiltwillbediscussedattomorrow'smeeting.
64._______hewon'tgothereiscleartoallofus.
65._______youcomeornotisuptoyou.
r
66._______makesmistakesmustcorrectthem.
y
67._______teamwillwinthematchisamatterofpublicconcern.
ayslater,wordcame________ourcountryhadsentupanotherman-made
satellite.
blemis________willgotothemeeting.
s_______itweregoingtorain.
_______helikestheplacesomuch.
______LuXunoncelived.
ght_______strangethatTomdidnotcomeyesterday.
t_______shehadnotsaidanythingsurprisedallofus.
'mconsideringnow_________themoneyweneed.
tellme__________
hatgentleman
ntlemaniswho
tgentlemanis
thatgentleman
77.________leavestheroomlastoughttoturnoffthelights.
llknown_________apersoneatscauseschangesinthebody.
rgyis________makesthecellsabletodotheirwork.
ssoontold________hedidwasnotnecessary.
t
ldthinkcarefullyabout________msaidatthemeeting.
.X
pointout________tworadiosarethebest
r
leasilyknow________videorecorders(录相机)arethesame.
those
fthose
84.________youhaveseenthingslikethesebeforedoesn'tmatter.
herinEnglish________shewas,andshetoldme________shewasan
actress.
……X
……that
kitforgranted________I'dbebackhomeanhourago.
kitpossible________thelocalgovernmentwillbeabletosolvethehousing
problem.
reisadanger________thegroundmayfallin(沉下)undertheheavytraffic.
timeIhadnoidea________Icouldhandittohimwithoutbeingseen.
w
ndayhepromised________today,buthehasn'tappearedyet.
willcome
rhewouldcome
ndayhemadeapromise________hewasfreehewouldtakemetoQingdao.
r
aveanyidea________
ssSmithwillarrive
llMissSmitharrive
lMissSmitharrive
n'tMissSmitharrived
lmostforgotten________.
''sfaceislike
''sfaceislike
evalueoflifeisnotin________,but________.
get…thatyougive
ougotwhatyougive
uget…whatyougive
youget…whatdoyougive
now________
isisusedfor
isisusedfor
96.________surprisedmemostwas________.
…thatshespokeJapanesesowell
…howcouldshespeakJapanesesowell
…thatshespokeJapanesesowell
…whyshecouldspeakJapanesesowell
97.________istodance.
eallyinterestsMary.
allyinterestMary
greatlyamusedby________.
ouhadtoldus
utoldus
omputersaredifferentfrom________.
expected
expect
100.________Tomlikedtoeatwasdifferentfrom________.
…thatyouhadexpected
…thatyouhadexpected
…whatyouhadexpected
…whatyouhadexpected
【答案】
61-65DABCD66-70CACDB71-75CBBCA
76-80CCCCD81-85BADBC86-90ABDBA
91-95CABCB96-100CCCBD