雅思听力原文
小学体育教学论文-液体药品的取用
2023年2月18日发(作者：天津校车)剑桥雅思5、6、7test1听力原文
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TEST1
SECTION1
RECEPTIONIST:Goodafternoon,Ihelpyou?
CUSTOMER:Ohhello.I'minterestedintheholidaysyouofferalongthecoastnearhere.
RECEPTIONIST:nparticulardidyouwant
togo?
CUSTOMER:Well,'Whale
Watching'?
RECEPTIONIST:Oh,that''sverypopularandit'sbasedina
lovelylittletownwithnicebeaches.
CUSTOMER:Ohright,andhowlongdoesitlast?
RECEPTIONIST:It'stwodays-thatincludesfourhours'traveltimeeachwayfromhere.
CUSTOMER:Good,Idon'atbycoach?
RECEPTIONIST:Actuallyit'tokeepthosetourssmall
andpersonalsowedon',weonlytakeuptofifteen
peopleonthistour,althoughwedorunitwithjusttwelveorthirteen.
CUSTOMER:Oh,urunthesetoursoften?
RECEPTIONIST:seinpeaktimeslikethesummer
holidayswedothemeveryweekend,butatthemomentit'susuallyonceamonthatmost.
CUSTOMER:Andwhenisthenextonegoing?
RECEPTIONIST:Mmm,,there'soneinthreeweeks'timewhichisAprilthe18th,
andthenwedon'thaveanotheroneuntilJunethe2nd.
CUSTOMER:Allright,andisAprilagoodtimetogo?
RECEPTIONIST:osay
thoughthatthewhalesightingisonlyoneofthemanythingsoffered.
CUSTOMER:Really?
RECEPTIONIST:'scalledThe
Pallisades.
CUSTOMER:ThePariswhat?
RECEPTIONIST:No,it'sactuallyThePallisades,'srightonthemain
beachthere.
CUSTOMER:Oh,Isee.
RECEPTIONIST:Alloftheroomshaveniceviewsandthefoodisreallygoodtheretoo.
CUSTOMER:Ohright.
CUSTOMER:Andwhatabouttheotherthings?Youknow,thatareincludedintheprice.
RECEPTIONIST:Oh,on'twanttodothewhalewatchcruise,
yourguidewilltakeanyonewhoisinterestedeitheronabushwalkthroughthenationalparknear
thehotel,andthere'snoextrachargeforthat,'sanextra$12Ithink.
Andthere'salsoareptileparkintown-thatcostsmoreorlessthesame.
CUSTOMER:No,IthinkI'dpreferwhalestosnakes.
RECEPTIONIST:oujustwanttorelaxyouarefreetositbythehotelpoolorgo
,andtheyalsohavetenniscourtsatthehotel,butyouhavetopayforthoseby
rearetabletennistablesdownstairsandthey'repartoftheaccommodation
eaktoyourguide.
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CUSTOMER:uchisthebasictourprice?
RECEPTIONIST:Atthistimeofyearit'susuallyaround$...oh,it's
actually$280.
CUSTOMER:Andthenexttour,arethereanyplacesonthatone?
RECEPTIONIST:HOWmanypeopleIsItfor?
CUSTOMER:Thesearetwoofus.
RECEPTIONIST:Yes,stmentionthatwerequireall
bookingstobema
youcancelwithinsevendaysofdepartureyouwillhavetopay50%ofyourtotalbooking.
CUSTOMER:OK.
RECEPTIONIST:Andyoualsoneedtopaya20%depositatthetimeofbooking.
CUSTOMER:CanIpaythatbycreditcard?
RECEPTIONIST:Yes,youcan.
CUSTOMER:Allright,whatI'lldoisI'lltalktomypartnerandgetbacktoyou.
RECEPTIONIST:'llmakeaprovisionalbooking,shallI?-twofortheWhaleWatch
ssueyouwithacustomerreference
aveapen?
CUSTOMER:Yes.
RECEPTIONIST:OK,it'sthreenineseven,fourfive,'ucallback,
asktospeaktotheTourManager,that'sme,Tracy.
CUSTOMER:Fine,Iwill.
SECTION2
Helloandwelcometotoday's“BuyerBeware”programme,wherewegiveyousometipsonhow
,intoday'sshowwe'relookingatbedsforchildrenandbabies.
Let'sstartbylookingatbabycots,that'edthree
differentcotsallinthebudgetpricerangeand,asusual,wewillfeaturethegoodpoints,the
problemsandourverdict.
Thefirstc
testerslikedthefactthatithadfourwheels,yslight
problemswiththiscotwerethatithadnobrakes,buttheydidn'
firsttheywereabitconcernedaboutthesidebar,becausetheyfeltbabiescouldtraptheirfingers
init,butourtestersfeltthatthiswasunlikelytohappensotheyhavegiventhisoneaverdictof
“satisfactory.
ThenextcotwasbyChoiceCotsandthistimeourtesterswerepleasedtofindacotwhichis
inusside,ourtestersdidnotlikethe
factthatthesideofthecotdidnotdropdown,makingitdifficulttopickupnewbornbabies.
However,therealproblemwiththiscotwasthespacebetweenthebars;ourtestersfoundthey
thiswasarealsafetyhazardandso
wehavelabelledthisonedangerous,I'mafraid.
AndfinallybetternewsfortheMother'twasslightlydifferentinthat,
althoughthesidebardidnotdropdown,thebasecouldberaisedorloweredintotwodifferent
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ativesforthisonewerequiteminor;the
onlyniggleeveryonehadwasthefactthatithasnowheelsandtheonlyotherproblemanyone
couldfind,wasthattherewerepictureswhichweresimplystuckonandsocouldeasilybecome
cotwillthenbesafe
ineveryway,wehavemadetheMother'tulationsMother's
Choice!
So,whatfeaturesshouldyoulookforinababy'scot?Wellobviouslysafetyisaveryimportant
mmendthat,ifyouarebuyingacot,domake
uldensureyourcothasonly
roundedorsmoothedgingwithoutanysharpedges,thisisespeciallyimportantforwoodencots.
Andnowontobedsfortoddlers...
SECTION3
ANDREW:Excuseme,Iwastoldtocomehereforadviceabout,erm,ManagementDiploma
courses?
MONICA:You',mynameisMonica.
ANDREW:isAndrew,AndrewHarris.
MONICA:So,Andrew,haveyouseenourdiplomacourseprospectusyet?
ANDREW:Yes,I',Ithoughttheinformationoncoursecontent
wasreallyuseful,butI'mafraidI'mabitconfusedbyallthedifferentwaysyoucandothecourse:
full-timeintensive,part-timeandsoon.
MONICA:Well,let'eachcoursetypehasitsadvantagesand
disadvantages,soitreallydependsonyou-yourownstudyhabits,andyourfinancial
circumstances,workingatthemoment?
ANDREW:Yes.I'vebeenworkingintheadministrationsectionofthelocalhospitalforthe
orethatIworkedintheofficeofacomputerengineeringcompany
,I'tI'mhopingto
focusonisPersonnelManagement.
MONICA:youplanningtoleaveyourcurrentjobtostudy,orareyouthinking
aboutjusttakingayearoff?
ANDREW:Iwanttoknowwhatmyoptionsare,'twanttoquitmyjoboranything
andmyemployersarekeenformetogetsomemorequalificationsbutobviously,itwouldbe
betterifIcoulddoacoursewithouttakingtoomuchtimeawayfromwork.
MONICA:Right,soyoudon'treallywanttodothefull-timecourse,then?
ANDREW:No,',myofficehaveagreedto
paythecostoftheCourseitself,butIwouldhavetotakeunpaidleaveifIwanttostudy
full-timeand,well,Idon'tthinkIcouldaffordtosupportmyselfwithnosalaryforawholeyear.
MONICA:,youhavetwootherpossibilities:youcouldeitherdothepart-timecourse-
thatwouldbeovertwoyearsandyouwouldn'thavetotakeanytimeoffwork-oryoucoulddo
whatwecalla'modular'lddothatineighteenmonthsifyouwanted-orlonger,
it'squiteflexibleanditwouldbeuptoyou.
ANDREW:doesthepart-timecourseinvolve?
MONICA:,
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you'dhavetoattendaseminarordiscussionworkshoponeweekendamonth.
ANDREW:WhatkindofcourseworkwouldIhavetodo?
MONICA:Well,it''dbeexpectedtowriteanessayeachmonth,whichcounts
eacasestudytodobytheendofthecourse,which
mightinvolvedoingasurveyorsomethinglikethat,andalsoyouneedtohandinashortreport
everyfourweeks.
ANDREW:So,that'squitealotofwork,then,dslikealot
ofstudying-andreallytiring.
MONICA:Yes,youcertainlywouldn'thavemuchfreetime!
ANDREW:Whataboutthe'modular'course?WhatwouldIhavetodoforthat?
MONICA:That'y
youch
modulelastsforoneterm,say,reobviousadvantagesinthis
-themainonebeingthatyoucanstudyinamuchmoreintensiveway,whichsuitssomepeople
muchbetter.
ANDREW:Andhowmanyofthese'modules'wouldIhavetodotogetthediploma?
MONICA:Thecurrentprogrammeistwomodules-andthenyouhavetochooseatopictowork
inmoredepth-butyoucanbasethatonyourjob,andsoyoudon'tneedtobeawayfromthe
office,andhowlongittakesisuptoyou.
ANDREW:Theimportantthingisthatyoudon'focusonone
thingatatime.
MONICA:Yes,ainlysoundsattractive!Itwouldbemoreexpensive,though.
Imean,I'dhavetosupportmyselfwithoutpayforeachmodule.
ANDREW:That'strue,,whydon'tyoutalkthisover
withyouremployersand...
SECTION4
OK,sowe'vebeenlookingattheattitudesofvarioussocialandculturalgroupstowardsthe
managementoftheirpersonalfinances-howimportanttheyfeelitistosavemoney,andwhat
ectthatwehaven'consider
genderissueswe'rebasicallyaskingwhethermenandwomenhavedifferentattitudestowards
savingmoney,andwhethertheysavemoneyfordifferentthings:
Backin1928theBritishwriterGeorgeBernardShawwroteinhisIntelligentWomen'sGuideto
SocialismandCapitalismthatAmanissupposedtounderstandpolities,economicsandfinance
andisthereforeunwillingtoacceptessentialinstruction.'liealsosaid,'Awoman,havingfewer
pretensions,isfarmorewillingtolearn'.Now,thoughthesedayspeoplemightquestionalotof
theassumptionscontainedinthosestatements,recentresearchdoessuggestthattherearesome
quitefundamentaldifferencesbetweenmenandwomenintheirattitudestoeconomicmatters.
Let'chstudiesofwomeninNorthAmerica
havefoundthatwomenarefarmorelikelytosavefortheirchildren'seducationandtheyarealso
estudieshavefoundthatmen,on
theotherhand,tendtosaveforacar,whichbythewaytakesasurprisinglylargeamountofthe
othermainpriorityformenwhensavingmoneyis
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ey'reearning,they'refarmorelikelytoputmoneyasidefortheiroldage
thanwomenare.
Nowthisisratherdisturbing,becauseinfacttheneedforwomentosavefortheiroldageisfar
'twith,itisafactthatthroughoutthe
world,womenarelikelytolivemanyyearslongerthanmen,sotheyneedmoneytosupportthem
omenarelikelytobetheonesleftwithoutapartnerinoldage,theymay
thereforehavetopayfornursingcare,becausetheydon'thaveaspousetolookafterthem.
Furthermoreth
thedivorcedwomenwhowillmostoftenhavetolookafterthechildrenandthustheyneedmore
otjustthemselvesbutothers.
Sowhatcanbedoneaboutthissituation?ThepopulationinNorthAmericaislikelytocontainan
earchindicatesthatatpresentforwomenittakesa
oursethisistheveryworst
odayneedtolookahead,thinkahead-not
waituntilthey'menintheirearlytwentiesneedtothinkaboutpensions,
forexample,andwithincreasingnumbersofwomeninprofessionalpositionstherearesignsthat
searchalsosuggeststhatwomenavoiddealingeffectivelywith
twayforthemtoovercomethis
isbygettingthemselvesproperlyinformedsotheyarelessdependentonotherpeople'sadvice.A
llege,forexample,isoneof
theeducationalinstitutionswhichoffersnightclassesinMoneyManagement,andincreasing
,theycanbegivenadviceondifferent
menareunwillingtoinvestinstocksandshares,forinstance,butthese
uallyadvisedthatatleast70%ofaperson'ssavingsshouldbe
inlow-riskinvestmentsbutfortherest,financialadvisorsoftenadvisetakingsomewell-informed
tivessuchasthiscangivewomentheeconomicskillsandknowledgetheyneedfora
comfortable,independentretirement.
Theincreasingproportionofelderlywomeninthepopulationislikelytohaveothereconomic
consequences...
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C6T1
TAPESCRIPTS
SECTION1
MAN:Right,t’sthenexttype?
WOMAN:Well,that’sSilver—it’sthesameasGoldexceptyouhavetopayasmallfeeof£1,00
perlessonforanyyoudoandyoucanonlyusethecentreatcertaintimes.
MAN:exactly？
WOMAN:Youcanonlyusethefacilitiesbetween10amand4:30pm.
MAN:SoIcouldn’tusethepoolat8inthemorningorevening,then?
WOMAN:That’sright.
MAN:priceforthat?IsthejoiningfeethesameasforGold?
WOMAN:Actually,it’sslightlylessthanthe£250—it’s£225,buttheannualfeeisonly£300.
Doesthatsoundmorelikewhatyouwant?
MAN:Well,it’sstillrathermoreexpensivethanIthought.I’mastudenthereinEnglandandI’m
onlyhereforsixmonths.
WOMAN:Ah,thentheBronzeschemewouldprobablysuityoubest.
MAN:Howisthatdifferent?
WOMAN:Well,someofthefacilitieshaverestricteduse.
MAN:AnddoIhavetopayforclasses?
WOMAN:Yes,it’s£3foreachclassyoujoin.
MAN:tarethehoursthen?
WOMAN:Between10.30and3.30weekdaysonlyandyoupaya£ualfee
is£180—itworksoutat£15amonth,sothatwouldbequitealotcheaper.
MAN:Oh,IhavetodoifIwant
tojoin?
WOMAN:Well,webookyouinforanassessmentwithaninstructor,whowillshowyouhowto
anttoorganizeatrialsessionandlookaroundthecentre,you’ll
needtospeaktoDavidKynchley.
MAN:ouspellthatplease?
WOMAN:Yes,DavidK-Y-N-C-H-L-E-Y.I’’s
oh-four-five-eight-nine-five-three-doubleone.
MAN:Thanks.
WOMAN:ThankyouforcallingKingswellClub.
SECTION2
MAN:AndhereonRadioRivendenwehaveLynneRawley,thePublicRelationsOfficerofour
,Lynne.
LYNNE:Hello.
MAN:Now,thetheatreisreopeningsoonafteritsthree-yearredevelopmentprogram,isn’tit?
LYNNE:That’sright,stthingpeoplewillseewhen
eboxoffice
hasbeenreorientedwithitsownaccessformthesideofthebuildinginsteadofthroughthefoyer,
whichmeansitcanbeopenlongerhours,andhasmorespace,pthatusedtobeinthe
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foyer,whichsoldbooksandCDs,istheonepartoftheredevelopmentwhichisn’tyetcomplete.
Theplanistofindnewpremisesforitnearthetheatre,andwe’vehaddifficultyfinding
toreopentheshopinthenextfewmonths.
MAN:Willaudiencesfindanydifferenceintheauditorium?
LYNNE:Yes,we’ansthattherearenow
fewerseatsbutwe’’veinstalledairconditioning,
soitwon’adyhadafewseatswhichweresuitableforwheelchair
users,andnowtherearetwiceasmany,ingelsethat
’venow
gone,andwe’vegotmuchmoreefficientones.
MAN:Anythingfortheperformers?
LYNNE:Yes,we’lldarkdressingrooms
weusedtohavehavebeenconvertedintotwolargeairyrooms,sothey’remuchmorecomfortable
state-of-the-artelectronicsoundandlightingsystemshavebeeninstalled.
MAN:OK,sowhat’sthefirstplaythataudiencescanseewhenthetheatrereopens?
LYNNE:We’vegotaveryexcitingproductionofPeterShaffer’sRoyalHuntoftheSun,whichis
’re
tostartallourperformancesat7.30,
butthatmadeitdifficultforpeopletogohomebypublictransport,soinsteadwe’rebeginningat
eat9.45,whenitfinished,sarealreadysellingfast.
TheFridayandSaturdayperformancessoldoutalmostimmediatelyand,nowthereareonly
ticketsforMondayandThursday.
MAN:Howmucharethey?
LYNNE:We’pricesusedtorangefrom£6to£30
butnowthey’reall£’reavailablefromtheboxoffice,inperson,byphone,faxorpost,or
online
MAN:OK,Lynne,nowifyou’dliketogivethecontactdetailsforthetheatre.
SECTION3
TUTOR:Hello,canIhelpyou?
BRIAN:Iwastoldtocomehere,becauseI’dliketotalktosomeoneabouttakingamanagement
course.
TUTOR:Right.I’moneofthetutors,soIshouldbeabletohelpyou.
BRIAN:Oh,’sBrianArdley.I’vedecidedtoenrollonapart-timemanagement
dofminetookonelastyear,andrecommendedittome.
TUTOR:Right.
BRIAN:IsthereanythingIshoulddobeforethecourse,likereadingoranything?
TUTOR:Weprefertointegratereadingwiththecourse,sowedon’tgiveoutareadinglistin
ikepeopletowriteacasestudy,describinganorganizationtheyknow.
BRIAN:I’vealreadydonethat,lditbepossibleto
sitinonateachingsession,toseewhatit’slike?Ihaven’tbeenastudentforquiteawhile.
TUTOR:tmeknowwhichdate,I’llarrangeitwiththetutor.
BRIAN:Now,couldIaskyouaboutthecollegefacilities,please?
TUTOR:Anythinginparticular?
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BRIAN:Well,thecourseisonedayaweek,allday,isn’tit?Sopresumablyit’spossibletobuy
food?
TUTOR:Yes,therefectory’sopenallday.
BRIAN:Doesitcaterforspecialdiets?Ihavesomefoodallergies.
TUTOR:Providedyouwarntherefectoryinadvance,itwon’tbeaproblem.
BRIAN:outfacilitiesforyoungchildren?I’dliketobringmydaughterherewhile
I’mstudying.
TUTOR:Howoldisshe?
BRIAN:Three.
TUTOR:Thenshe’seligibletojointhenursery,whichissupervisedbyaqualifiedNurseryNurse.
Thewaitinglistforaplaceisquitelongthough,soyououghttoapplynow.
BRIAN:OK.
TUTOR:Idon’tknowifourcareersadviceservicewouldbeofanyinteresttoyou?
BRIAN:Yes,itmighthelpmedecidehowtodevelopmycareerafterthecourse.
TUTOR:Thecentrehasalotofreferencematerials,andstaffqualifiedtogiveguidanceona
one-to-onebasis.
BRIAN:forstudents?
TUTOR:It’sopentoeveryone,butstudentspayanannualfeethat’smuchlessthanthegeneral
publicpays.
BRIAN:Andpresumablythecollegelibrarystocksnewspapersandjournals,aswellasbooks?
TUTOR:Yes,andthere’salsoanaudio-visualroom,forviewingandlisteningtovideos,cassettes,
andsoon.
BRIAN:Istherealsoaccesstocomputers?
TUTOR:Yes,yourtutorwillneedtoarrangewiththetechnicalsupportteamforyoutogeta
password,soaskhimorheraboutitwhenyoustartthecourse.
BRIAN:OK.
TUTOR:Bytheway,doyouknowaboutourBusinessCentre?
BRIAN:’sthat?
TUTOR:It’satrainingresource-acollectionofmaterialsforpeopletostudyontheirown,oruse
intheirownorganizations.
BRIAN:nbooksandvideos?
TUTOR:Yes,otofcomputer-basedmaterials,sopeoplecan
wordthroughthemattheirownspeed,andrepeatanythingtheyaren’can
hirelaptopstouseinyourownhomeorworkplacesaswellasprintersthatyoucantakeaway.
BRIAN:DoesithaveanythingthatIcouldusetoimprovemystudyskills?Idon’thavemuch
ideaaboutreportwriting,andI’msureI’llneeditonthecourse.
TUTOR:Ohyes,there’koneofthestaff.
BRIAN:Doesthecentrecoverallthemainareasofbusiness?
TUTOR:Yes,topicslikefinance,andofcoursemarketing-that’anagers
seemtoqueueuptoborrowthevideos!
BRIAN:Soitisn’tjustforstudents,then?
TUTOR:No,it’sformembersonly,butanyonecanjoin.
BRIAN:Howmuchdoesitcost?
TUTOR:£100ayearforacompany,and£50foranindividual,withnodiscountforstudents,I’m
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afraid.
BIRAN:That’,Ithinkthat’sall.I’dbettergohomeandfillintheenrolment
forallyourhelp.
TUTOR:You’e.
BRIAN:Goodbye.
SECTION4
Inthelastfewweeks,we’vebeenlookingatvariousaspectsofthesocialhistoryofLondon,and
thismorningwe’recontinuingwithalookatlifeintheareacalledtheEastEnd.I’llstartwitha
briefhistoryofthedistrict,andthenfocusonlifeinthefirsthalfofthetwentiethcentury.
BackinthefirsttothefourthcenturiesAD,whentheRomanscontrolledEngland,Londongrew
intoatownof45,000people,andwhat’snowtheEastEnd–theareabytheriverThames,and
alongtheroadheadingnorth-eastfromLondontothecoast–consistedoffarmlandwithcropsand
livestockwhichhelpedtofeedthatpopulation.
TheRomansleftin410,atthebeginningofthefifthcentury,andfromthenonwardsthecountry
sufferedaseriesofinvasionsbytribesfrompresent-dayGermanyandDenmark,theAngles,
SaxonsandJutes,hnologytheyintroduced
heEastEndwas
bytheriver,shipscouldtransportgoodsbetweenthereandforeignmarkets.
Intheeleventhcentury,in1066tobeprecise,theNormansconqueredEngland,andduringthe
nextfewcentu
EastEndbenefitedfromthis,andbecausetherewerefewerrestrictionstherethaninthecityitself,
plentyofnewcomerssettledtherefromabroad,bringingtheirskillsasworkers,merchantsor
money–lendersduringthenextfewhundredyears.
Inthesixteenthcenturythefirstdockwasdugwhereshipswereconstructed,eventuallymaking
helatesixteenthcentury,when
muchoftherestofEnglandwassufferingeconomically,alotofagriculturalworkerscametothe
EastEndtolookforalternativework.
Intheseventeenthcentury,theEastEndwasstillaseriesofseparate,semi-ruralsettlements.
Therewasashortageofaccommodation,somarshlandwasdrainedandbuiltontohousethelarge
numbersofpeoplenowlivingthere.
BythenineteenthcenturyLondonwasthebusiestportintheworld,andthisbecamethemain
hocouldaffordtoliveinmorepleasant
surroundingsmovedout,andtheareabecameonewherethevastmajorityofpeoplelivedin
extremepoverty,andsufferedfromappallingsanitaryconditions.
Thatbriefoutlinetakesustobeginningofthetwentiethcentury,andnowwe’llturntohousing.
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Atthebeginningofthecentury,livingconditionsforthemajorityofworkingpeopleinEast
werecrowdedcloselytogetherandusuallyverybadly
built,poorandneedywereattractedbythepossibilityof
work,heavailability,ratherthanthecondition,ofthehousing
thatwasthemajorconcernfortenantsandlandlordsalike.
Fewhouseshadelectricityatthistime,soothersourcesofpowerwereused,likecoalforthefires
se,thesmokefromthesecontributedagreatdealof
theairpollutionforwhichLondonusedtobefamous.
Atiny,damp,unhealthyhouselikethismightwellbeoccupiedbytwofullfamilies,possibly
includingseveralchildren,grandparents,auntsanduncles.
Now,beforeIgoontohealthimplicationsofthiswayoflife,I’llsaysomethingaboutfoodand
nutrition.
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TAST1
Section1
Man:Hello,thisisLandTransportinformationattorontoAirport.
Woman:Oh,goodmorning,I’mflyingtotorontoAirport
nextweek,andIneedtogettoatowncalledum,youtellmehowIcangetthere?
Man:Milton,didyousay?that’it’s
147milestobeexact,soit’lltakeyouatleast–say,threetofourhoursbyroad.
Woman:Wow!Isitasfarasthat?
Man:yes,I’haveanumberofoptionstogetyouhereandyoucanalwaysrent
acarrighthereattheairport,ofcourse.
Woman:,Idon’treallywanttodrivemyself，soI’dlikemoreinformationabout
publictransport.
Man:casethequickestandmostcomfortableisacabandofcoursetherearealways
’alsotakeagreyhoundbusorthere’sanairportshuttle
ServicetoMiiton.
Woman:Hummm,
tellmehowmuchthatwouldcost?
Man:’ldbe$15oneway,or$’sontheGreyhound.
Woman:Oh,that’squitecheap-great!.butwhereaboutsdoesiestopinMilton?
Man:ItgoesdirectlyfromtheairportheretotheCityCentreandit’haveto
bearinmindthatthereisonlyonedepartureaday,soitdependswhattimeyourflightgetsin.
Woman:Oh,,we’reduetogetthereat11:30am.
Man:Hmmm,toobad,thebusleavesat3:45,soyouwouldhavequiteawait–morethan4hours.
Woman:Oh,,whatabouttheshuttleyoumentioned?
Man:’stheAirportShuttlethatwilltakeyoufromtheairportrighttoyourhotelor
’sadoor-to-doorserviceanditwouldsuityoumuchbetter,becausethere’sone
everytwohours.
Woman:Sohowmuchdoesthatcost?
Man:Let’,that’s$35oneway,$65return,soIguessit’sabitmoreexpensivethanthe
Greyhound.
Woman:Oh,thatdoesn’allyifit*lltakemestraighttothehotel.
Man:Butyoudoneedtoreserveaseat.
Woman:ssibletomakeabookingrightnow?Throughyou?
Man:Sure.
Man:datedoyouwanttobookthisfor?
Woman:The16thofOctobler–oh,no,’eonthe17th,sobookit
forthen,please.
Man:So,That’sisforjustonepersonor…?
Woman:yes,justme,please.
Man:saidyourexceptedtimeofarrivalwas11:30?SoifIbookyourShuttlefor
after12:00-let’ssay,12:30thatshouldgiveyouplentyoftimeto,youknow,collectyourbaggage
maybegrabacoffee?
Woman:Yeah,thatsoundsfine,aslongaswelandontime!
Man:Well,we’lltakeyouflightdetailssoyoudon’.
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whataboutthefare?Whatsortofticketdoyouwant?Onewayor…？
Woman:Yes,that’llbefine,providedIcanbookthereturntriponceI’mthere.
Man:Noproblem–
what’syouname,please?
Woman:Janet,JanetThomson.
Man:IsthatThompsonspeltwitha“p”?
Woman:No,it’sT-H-O-M-S-O-N.
Man:OK,Andyou’llbecomingfromtheUK?Whatflightwillyoubetravellingon?
Woman:Oh,it’sAirCanadaflightnumberAC936,fromLondonHeathrow.
Man:,doyouknowwhereyou’llbestaying?Weneedtogivethedriveranaddress.
Woman:yes,it’scalledtheVacationMote-andIthinkit’,the
addressis24KitchenerStreet-that’skitchenerstreet.
Man:That’’s$ugetyourcreditcardnumber
there？
Woman:Yes,it’saVISAcard,andthenumberis3337
Man:OK，well,oodtripandwe’llseeyouinTorontonext
week.
Woman:yes,bye-ok,thanksforyourhelp!
section2
’snicetoseemanypeopleintheaudience.
Forthoseofyouwhodon’tknowverymuchaboutPSCamping,letmestartbygivingyou
somebackgroundinformationaboutthecompany.
allyopenedasaretailchainselling
campingequipmentandthentwentyyearsago,itboughtasmallnumberofcampsitesinthe
UK,panygrewrapidlyandhasbeenproviding
holidaysincontinentalEuropeforthelastfifteenyears.
Ifyoubookacampingholidaywithus,you’y
wenowhavesome64sitesthatweeitherown,orhaveexclusiveuseofFranceiswherewehave
themajorityofsites,havea
numberofsitesinNorthernSpain,particularlyinthemountainousregionofpicosdeEuropa.
We’veupgradedalltheseSpanishsites,andimprovedthemconsiderablyfromtheiroriginal
three-starrating
swhowanttheir
childrentobefullyoccupiedforallorpartofthedaycantakeadvantageofourchildren’s
ykicksoffa
sportsmatch,perhapsfootball,orvolleyball,
mayincludesingingordancing,fternoon,there’sadifferentart
acti’smore,
oursitesaretrulychild-friendly,and,withthisinmind,weoperateano-noiseruleintheevenings.
Children’seveningactivitiesusuallyfinishat9:30,oroccasionally10,andfrom10:30
holiday-makersareexpectedtobequietintheareaswheretherearetents.
WewantnothingtogowrongonaPSCampingholiday,butifitdoes,wealsowantallcustomers
aven’torganisedanannualinsurancepolicyofyourownyou’llneedtotake
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outthelow-costcoverweofferandwerequirethatyouarrangethiswhenyoutakeyourholiday
reservation.
TherearemanyadvantagestochoosingPSCamping,
’rfriendscanbenefitfromten
percentofftheirholiday,rn,we’ll
sendyouathank-youpresent,whichyoucanchoosefromalistofhigh-qualityitems.
Whenitcomestoourtents,lydothinkofevery
essentialdetail,fromanovenandcookingringsfuelledbybottledgas,tomirrorsinthebedroom
on’twanttocookindoors,youcanborrowabarbecueifyouaskinadvanceforone
tobemadeavailable,andthere’,aboxof
gamesandtoyscanbefound,andchildren’stentscanbehiredifrequired,Alltentshaveafridge,
andifyouwanttospendthedayonthebeach,forexample,askforaspeciallydesignedPS
Campingcoolbox,reexcellentwashing
facilitiesatalloursites,withwashingmachinesandclotheslinesinthecentralareas,alongwith
eshaveacafeand/ora
shopforthosewho’drather‘eatin’thandineatalocalrestaurant.
section3
Tutor:Well,you’vebothbeenlookingatdifferentstylesofmanagingindividuals，incompanies
’stheresearchgoing,philip?
Philip:Well,I’vebeenlookingatwhyindividualism,Imeanindividualdifference,aresuchan
uthinkaboutanyorganization,beitafamily
businessoramultinationalcompany,theyareallfundamentallyagroupofpeopleworking
’swhattheseindividualscontributetotheirpleasesofworkthatmakesyourealize
setheybringdifferentideas,butit’salsotheirattitudesandtheir
ityisimportantintheseareastoo.
Tutor:Sowhydopeoplebehavesodifferentlyfromoneanotheratwork?
Philip:Therea
’sawellknownfactthatmenandwomendolotsofthingsindifferent
ways,andtheworkplaceisnodifferent.
Tutor:Didyoulookattheeffectsofthisvariationoncompanies?
Philip:Yes,ositiveside,exposuretosuchdiversityhelpsencouragecreativitywhich
ortunatelyindividualdifferencearealsotherootof
conflictbetweenstaffandtheycanleadtodifficultiesformanagement,whichcansometimesbe
serious.
**********************************************
Tutor:Thanks,guessthetwomainthingstorememberherearetoidentify
ce,youwerelookingatidentifyingdifferenttalents
inworkersDoyouthinkthisiseasyformanagerstodo?
Janice:Well,currentlyteamworkisinfashionintheworkplaceandinmyopiniontheimportance
nagersshouldbetargetingisthoseemployees
whocantaketheleadinasituationandarenotafraidtoaccepttheideaofresponsibility.
Tutor:That’butunfortunatelymanymanagersthinktheentirenotionofencouraging
individualityamongsttheirstaffisfartoohard.
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Janice:ybetruebutIthinkoneofthemostimportanttasksofmanagersistoconsider
theneedsofth
requirescreativethinkingonthepartofmanagementtoavoidtension.
Tutor:SoJanice,whatkindofpeopledoyouthinkcompaniesshouldbelookingfor?
JaniceWell,ithastostartfromtheverybeginningwhencompaniesarelookingfornew
epersonaldepartmentischoosingbetweenapplicantstheyneedtolookfor
someonewho’d,peoplemakingthese
decisionsoftenuesarangeofpsychologicalteststoseeifapersonisaproblemsolver,orwilldo
asthey’retold.I’mnotconvincedthesequalitiesareactuallythemostimportant.
Tutor:Sodoyouthinkbeingagoodteamplayerisoverrated?
JaniceNo,it’vidualcan
getaroundthisifyou’reworkinginanorganization.
Tutor:Sohowshouldmanagersdealwiththis?
individualdemonstrates,thebehaviourtheorganisationexpects,some
’simportanthereisthatthishappensrightatthebeginningso
eincentiveshouldbesomethingthe
individualactuallywants,andthisisn’talwaysjustmoney。
Tutor:Tocomebacktoyou,esayingthatrecognitionofgoodperformersis
seshouldmanagersbelookingfor?
Philip:Well,managingpeoplemeansyounotonlyhaveanunderstandingofyouremployees,but
,forsomeorganizationscreativityand
individualitymaybethelastthingtheywanttoseeduringworkinghours.
Tutor:Verytrue.
Philip:Yes,butmanagingpeopleisn’mple,changeintheworkplace
allyifthere’saneedtoincreaseprofit，.Andattimeslikethese
managersmayhavetogiveprioritytoprofitratherthanindividualstaffneeds.
Tutor:yes,andthatcreatesdifficultsituationsforpeople.
Philip:Yes,butwhat’simportantisthatmanagersareabletodealwithquitehighlevelsof
timesofchangetheyshouldbethinkingnotonlyaboutthestrainontheir
staffbuttaketimeouttothinkofthemselves.
Tutor:aretheimplicationsofthatfor…
section4
Goodafternoon,everyone!
ThisisthefirstseninarinpreparationforourarchaeologicalfieldworkinNamibia,weare
fantasticallylucktohavereceivedpartialresearchfundingforthistripfromourInstitute,soI
shallexpect200%nthisseminar,I’mgoingtogive
abriefintroductiontocontemporaryresearchonrockart,andinthesecondpartI’mgoingtogive
yousomedo’sanddon’tsforourfieldworktripinApril–sopleaselistenverycarefully.
I’mfirstgoingtofocusontheinterpretationofrockartinNamibia,weareveryfortunatetobe
goingtoa
hopetoshowyouhoweasyitisfoeeveryonetomakemistakesinlookingatcultureswhichare
differentfromourpwn–thefirstandmostimportantlessonwehavetolearn.
InNamibiatherearebothpaintingsandengraving–that’swherethesurfaceoftherockiscutout.
Manyoftheengravingsshowfootprintsofanimalsandmostscholarsusedtothinkthatthe
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ckartwaslikeaschoolbookwithpictureto
teachchildrenabouttrackswhickbelongedtowhichanimal–giraffe,lionandsoon.
,whenyoulookatatypicalNamibianpaintingorengraving,
youseethetracksarerepeated,’dexpectjust
oneclearillustrationifthereason–theaim–wastoteachtracking.
Nowthereweretwomoreproblem,whyaresomeoftheengravingofanimalsveryaccurateas
you’dexpect–allclearlyidentifiable-andothersquiteunrealistic
Andanothermystery–someoftheseunrealisticanimals–that*sintheengravings–seemtobe
,forexample,havegothumanfaces,Manyreaearchersnowthinkthatthese
livedtheycouldusemagictocontrol
theanimalstheyhaddrawn,sothehunterscouldthencatchthemforfood.
Thisshowsyousomeofthedangersofcomingfromoneculturetoanother,aswe’llbedoing,
rsimaginedthatchildrenlookedatrockartpicturestolearn
totrack–justbecausetheythemselveshadlearntskillsfrompictures,manyresearchersnow
believethatrockarthadamuchmorecomplexpurpose,andwe*lltalkmoreaboutitnextweek.!
NowbeforeIinviteyoutojoininadiscussioninthissecondpartoftheseminar,I’dliketomake
someveryimportantpointsaboutpurfieldwork–andinfaceanyfieldtriptolookatrockart.
We’regoingtoanumberofsites,andwewon’glelargestproblem
facedbypeoplewhomanagethesitesis–yes,I’msureyou’veguessed–damagecausedbyvisi
tors,eventhoughit’susuallyunintentional.
Whenever,youdogotoasite,don’tforgetyoucanlearnmanythingsfromobservingatadistance
oftensay.
“Well,there’sonlytwoofusandjustthisonetime”,butmaybethousandsofpeoplearesayingthe
samething.
Andthensomebasicrulestoguideyou–we’llhaveourowncampnearavillage,butremember
nevertocamponasiteifyougoonyourown,.Itmaybedisrespectfultothepeopleofthat
culture,andcertainlydon’tmakefires,howeverromanticitmayseem,It’sreallydangerousindry
areas,andyoucaneasilyburnpricelessundiscoveredmaterialbydoingso.
So,howarewegoingtoenjoytherockartonourfieldtrip?Bylookingatit,drawingitand
photographineit–tisfragileandprecious.
Rememberthatclimbingonrocksandincavescandestroyinamomentwhathaslastedfor
roicsinNamibia,please!Trytobeextracarefulandhelpotherstobetoo.
Andlastlypleasedon’tevenmoverocksorbranchestotakephotographs–youshouldleavethe
siteintace–I’msureIcanrelyonyoutodothat..
Well,That’saboutallIwanttosaybeforetoday’sfirstdiscussion,butifyouhaveanyquestion
pleaseaskthemnow–anddon’tforgetyou’llfindsomefascinatinginformationaboutworld-wide
,firstquestionthen?