考研英语二历年真题pdf

考研英语二历年真题pdf

声音的三个特性-国家开放大学登录

2014年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试

英语二试题

SectionIUseofEnglish

Directions：

1SHEET.(10points)

Thinnerisn’rofstudieshave___1___thatnormal-weightpeopleareinfactathigherriskof

rearehealthconditionsforwhichbeingoverweightis

actually___2___.Forexample,heavierwomenarelesslikelytodevelopcalciumdeficiencythanthinwomen.___3___,

amongtheelderly,beingsomewhatoverweightisoftenan___4___ofgoodhealth.

Ofevengreater___5___tendefined___6___body

massindex,___7___twithaBMIof18to25isoften

y,___8___,

canbedividedintomoderatelyobese,severelyobese,andveryseverelyobese.

Whilesuchnumericalstandardsseem___9___,yisprobablylessamatterofweightthanbodyfat.

SomepeoplewithahighBMIareinfactextremelyfit,___10___otherswithalowBMImaybeinpoor___11___.For

example,manycollegiateandprofessionalfootballplayers___12___asobese,thoughtheirpercentagebodyfatislow.

Conversely,someonewithasmallframemayhavehighbodyfatbuta___13___BMI.

Todaywehavea(an)___14___rweightaresometimes___15___inthemedia

types___16___withobesityincludelaziness,lackofwillpower,andlowerprospectsfor

rs,employers,andhealthprofessionalshavebeenshowntoharborbiasesagainsttheobese.___17___very

youngchildrentendtolookdownontheoverweight,andteasingaboutbodybuildhaslongbeenaprobleminschools.

Negativeattitudestowardsobesity,___18___inhealthconcerns,havestimulatedanumberofanti-obesity___19___.

ployershaveinstitutedweightlossand

leObamahaslaunchedahigh–visibilitycampaign___20___childhoodobesity,even

claimingthatitrepresentsourgreatestnationalsecuritythreat.

1.[A]denied[B]concluded[C]doubted[D]ensured

2.[A]protective[B]dangerous[C]sufficient[D]troublesome

3.[A]Instead[B]However[C]Likewise[D]Therefore

4.[A]indicator[B]objective[C]origin[D]example

5.[A]impact[B]relevance[C]assistance[D]concern

6.[A]intermsof[B]incaseof[C]infavorof[D]inrespectof

7.[A]measures[B]determines[C]equals[D]modifies

8.[A]inessence[B]incontrast[C]inturn[D]inpart

9.[A]complicated[B]conservative[C]variable[D]straightforward

10.[A]so[B]while[C]since[D]unless

11.[A]shape[B]spirit[C]balance[D]taste

12.[A]start[B]qualify[C]retire[D]stay

13.[A]strange[B]changeable[C]normal[D]constant

14.[A]option[B]reason[C]opportunity[D]tendency

15.[A]employed[B]pictured[C]imitated[D]monitored

16.[A]compared[B]combined[C]settled[D]associated

17.[A]Even[B]Still[C]Yet[D]Only

18.[A]despised[B]corrected[C]ignored[D]grounded

19.[A]discussions[B]businesses[C]policies[D]studies

20.[A]for[B]against[C]with[D]without

SectionⅡReadingComprehension

PartA

Directions：

thequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,uranswerson

theANSWERSHEET.(40points)

Text1

Whatwouldyoudowith$590m?ThisisnowaquestionforGloriaMackenzie,an84-year-oldwidowwhorecently

emergedfromhersmall,tin-roofedhoopes

hernew-foundfortunewillyieldlastingfeelingsoffulfillment,shecoulddoworsethanreadHappyMoneybyElizabeth

DumnandMichaelNorton.

Thesetwoacademicsuseanarrayofbehavioralresearchtoshowthatthemostrewardingwaystospendmoneycanbe

iesofgreatwealthofteninvolvevisionsoffancycarsande

x

isfactionwith

sonceexcitingandnewbecomesold-hat;

farbettertospendmoneyonexperiences,sayMsDumnandMrNorton,likeinterestingtrips,uniquemealsorevengoing

urchasesoftenbecomemorevaluablewithtime-asstoriesormemories-particularlyiftheyinvolve

feelingmoreconnectedtoothers.

Thisslimvolumeispackedwithtipstohelpwageslavesaswellaslotterywinnersgetthemost“happinessbangfor

yourbuck.”Itseemsmostpeoplewouldbebetteroffiftheycouldshortentheircommutestowork,spendmoretimewith

friendsandfamilyandlessofitwatchingtelevision(somethingtheaverageAmericanspendsawhoppingtwomonthsa

yeardoing,andishardlyjollierforit).Buyinggiftsorgivingtocharityisoftenmorepleasurablethanpurchasingthings

foroneself,apparentlythereasonMacDonald's

restrictstheavailabilityofitspopularMcRib—amarketingtrickthathasturnedtheporksandwichintoanobjectof

obsession.

ReadersofHappyMoneyareclearlyaprivilegedlot,anxiousaboutfulfillment,aynotquitebuy

happiness,butplinkbetweenfeeling

goodandspendingmoneyonotherscanbeseenamongrichandpoorpeoplearoundtheworld,andscarcityenhancesthe

ryonewillagreewiththeauthors’policyideas,whichrangefrom

mandatingmoreholidaytimetoreducingta

x

tpeoplewillcomeawayfrom

thisbookbelievingitwasmoneywellspent.

ingtoDumnandNorton,whichofthefollowingisthemostrewardingpurchase?

[A]Abighouse

[B]Aspecialtour

[C]Astylishcar

[D]Arichmeal

hor’sattitudetowardAmericans’watchingTVis________

[A]critical

[B]supportive

[C]sympathetic

[D]ambiguous

smentionedinparagraph3toshowthat________

[A]consumersaresometimesirrational

[B]popularityusuallycomesafterquality

[C]marketingtricksareeffective

[D]raritygenerallyincreasespleasure

ingtothelastparagraph,HappyMoney________

[A]hasleftmuchroomforreaders’criticism

[B]mayprovetobeaworthwhilepurchase

[C]haspredictedawiderincomegapintheUS

[D]maygiveitsreadersasenseofachievement

xtmainlydiscusseshowto________

[A]balancefeelinggoodandspendingmoney

[B]spendlargesumsofmoneywoninlotteries

[C]obtainlastingsatisfactionfrommoneyspent

[D]becomemorereasonableinspendingonluxuries

Text2

AnarticleinScientificAmericahaspointedoutthatempiricalresearchsaysthat,actually,youthinkyou’remore

adeep-seatedneedtofeelgoodaboutourselvesandwenaturallyemployanumberofself-

psychologistshaveamassedoceansofresearchintowhattheycallthe“above

averageeffect”,or“illusorysuperiority”,andshownthat,fore

x

ample,70%ofusrateourselvesasaboveaveragein

leadership,93%indrivingand85%atgettingonwellwithothers—allobviouslystatisticalimpossibilities.

Wmedefensivewhencriticized,and

karoundthinkingwe’rehotstuff.

PsychologistandbehavioralscientistNicholasEpleyoversawakeystudyintoself-enhancementandattractiveness.

Ratherthathavepeoplesimplyratetheirbeautycomparedwithothers,heaskedthemtoidentifyanoriginalphotograghof

themselvesfromalineupirecognition,

readsthestudy,is“anautomaticpsychologicalprocessoccurringrapidlyandintuitivelywithlittleornoapparentconscious

deliberation”.Ifthesubjectsquicklychoseafalselyflatteringimage-whichmustdid-theygenuinelybelieveditwasreally

howtheylooked.

thereanyevidencethat,thosewhoself-enhance

themust(thatis,theparticipantswhothoughtthemostpositivelydoctoredpicturewerereal)weredoingsotomakeupfor

,thosewhothoughtthattheimageshigheruptheattractivenessscalewererealdirectly

correspondedwiththosewhoshowedothermakersforhavinghigherself-esteem.“Idon’tthinkthefindingsthatwehave

areanyevidenceofpersonaldelusion”,saysEpley.“It’sareflectionsimplyofpeoplegenerallythinkingwellof

themselves.”Ifyouaredepressed,youwon’tbeself-enhancing.

KnowingtheresultsofEpley’sstudy,itmakessensethatpeoplehatephotographsofthemselvesviscerally-onone

level,theydon’oktherefore,isaself-enhancer’sparadise,

wherepeoplecanshareonlythemostflatteringphotos,thecreamoftheirwit,style,beauty,’snot

thatpeople’sprofilesaredishonest,saysCatalinaTomaofWiscon-Madisonuniversity,“buttheyportrayanidealized

versionofthemselves.”

ingtothefirstparagraph,socialpsychologisthavefoundthat________.

[A]ourself-ratingsareunrealisticallyhigh

[B]illusorysuperiorityisbaselesseffect

[C]ourneedforleadershipisunnatural

[D]self-enhancingstrategiesareineffective

recognitionisbelievedtobepeople’s________

[A]rapidwatching

[B]consciouschoice

[C]intuitiveresponse

[D]automaticself-defence

oundthatpeoplewithhigherself-esteemtendedto________

[A]underestimatetheirinsecurities

[B]believeintheirattractiveness

[C]coveruptheirdepressions

[D]oversimplifytheirillusions

d“viscerally”(Line2,para.5)isclosestinmeaningto________.

[A]instinctively

[B]occasionally

[C]particularly

[D]aggressively

einferredthatFacebookisself-enhancer’sparadisebecausepeoplecan________.

[A]presenttheirdishonestprofiles

[B]definetheirtraditionallifestyles

[C]sharetheirintellectualpursuits

[D]withholdtheirunflatteringsides

Text3

Theconceptofmanversusmachineisatleastasoldastheindustrialrevolution,butthisphenomenontendstobemost

,itwouldbeamistaketothinkwearerightnow

njobshavegoneawayforgood,outmodedby

echnologyhassuchaninsatiableappetiteforeatinguphumanjobs,thisphenomenonwillcontinueto

restructureoureconomyinwayswecan'timmediatelyforesee.

Whenthereisexponentialimprovementinthepriceandperformanceoftechnology,jobsthatwereoncethoughtto

gumenthasattractedalotofattention,viathesuccessof

thebookRaceAgainsttheMachine,byErikBrynjolfssonandAndrewMcAfee,whobothhailfromMIT'sCenterfor

DigitalBusiness.

Thisisapowerfulargument,,JohnHagel,authorofThePowerofPullandotherbooks,

saysBrynjolfssonandMcAfeemissthereasonwhythesejobsaresovulnerabletotechnologyinthefirstplace.

ndtobe“tightlyscripted”and“highlystandardized”onesthat

leavenoroomfor“individualinitiativeorcreativity.”Inshort,thesearethetypesofjobsthatmachinescanperformmuch

howwehaveputagianttargetsignonthebacksofAmericanworkers,Hagel

says.

It'stimetoreinventtheformulaforhowworkisconducted,sincewearestillrelyingonavery20thcenturynotionof

work,apidlychangingeconomy,wemorethaneverneedpeopleintheworkplacewhocantake

initiativeande

x

ercisetheirimagination“torespondtoune

x

pectedevents.”That'

aredesignedtoperformverypredictableactivities.

AsHagelnotes,toreframerace

rwords,weneedtolookatthewaysinwhichmachinescan

theproblemisnotreallyabouttechnology,butrather,“howdowe

innovateourinstitutionsandourworkpractices?”

ingtothefirstparagraph,economicdownturnswould________.

[A]e

[B]highlightmachines’threattohumanjobs

[C]provokeapainfultechnologicalrevolution

[D]outmodeourcurrenteconomicstructure

horsofRaceAgainsttheMachinearguethat________.

[A]technologyisdiminishingman’sjobopportunities

[B]automationisacceleratingtechnologicaldevelopment

[C]certainjobswillremainintactafterautomation

[D]manwillfinallywintheraceagainstmachine

en________.

[A]performedbyinnovativeminds

[B]scriptedwithanindividualstyle

[C]standardizedwithoutacleartarget

[D]designedagainsthumancreativity

ingtothelastparagraph,BrynjolfssonandMcAfeediscussed________.

[A]thepredictabilityofmachinebehaviorinpractice

[B]theformulaforhowworkisconductedefficiently

[C]thewaysmachinesreplacehumanlaborinmoderntimes

[D]thenecessityofhumaninvolvementintheworkplace

fthefollowingcouldbethemostappropriatetitleforthetext?

[A]HowtoInnovateOurWorkPractices?

[B]MachineswillReplaceHumanLabor.

[C]CanWeWintheRaceAgainstMachines?

[D]EconomicDownturnsStimulateInnovations.

Text4

Whenthegovernmenttalksaboutinfrastructurecontributingtotheeconomythefocusisusuallyonroads,railways,

gisseldommentioned.

Whyisthat?notbeengoodatcommunicatingthe

rdto

shoveforattentionamongmultibillion-poundinfrastructureprojects,soitisinevitablethattheattentionisfocused

hapsthemostsignificantreasonisthattheissuehasalwaysbeensopoliticallycharged.

Nevertheless,glistsincreaseallthetimeandwearesimplynot

buildingenoughnewhomes.

Thecomprehensivespestoput

historicalprejudicestoonesideandtakesomestepstoaddressoururgenthousingneed.

munitiesminister,DonFoster,hashintedthat

GeorgeOsborne,ChancelloroftheExchequer,mayintroducemoreflexibilitytothecurrentcapontheamountthatlocal

ceshowsthat60,000e

x

tranewhomescouldbebuiltover

thenextfiveyearsifthecapwerelifted,increasingGDPby0.6%.

Ministersshouldalsolookatcreatinggreatercertaintyintherentalenvironment,whichwouldhaveasignificant

impactontheabilityofregisteredproviderstofundnewdevelopmentsfromrevenues.

hesemeasureswouldbewelcomeintheshortterm,wemustfaceup

tothefactthattheexisting£4.5bnprogrammeofgrantstofundnewaffordablehousing,settoexpirein2015,isunlikely

ourpartyhasrecentlyannouncedthatitwillretainalargepartofthecoalition’s

singsectorneedstoacceptthatweareveryunlikelytoeverreturntoeraof

toadjusttothischangingclimate.

horbelievesthatthehousingsector________

[A]hasattractedmuchattention

[B]involvescertainpoliticalfactors

[C]shoulderstoomuchresponsibility

[D]haslostitsrealvalueineconomy

elearnedthataffordablehousinghas________

[A]increaseditshomesupply

[B]offeredspendingopportunities

[C]sufferedgovernmentbiases

[D]disappointedthegovernment

ingtoParagraph5,GeorgeOsbornemay________.

[A]allowgreatergovernmentdebtforhousing

[B]stoplocalauthoritiesfrombuildinghomes

[C]preparetoreducehousingstockdebt

[D]releasealiftedGDPgrowthforecast

einferredthatastablerentalenvironmentwould________.

[A]lowerthecostsofregisteredproviders

[B]lessentheimpactofgovernmentinterference

[C]contributetofundingnewdevelopments

[D]relievetheministersofresponsibilities

horbelievesthatafter2015,thegovernmentmay________.

[A]implementmorepoliciestosupporthousing

[B]reviewtheneedforlarge-scalepublicgrants

[C]renewtheaffordablehousinggrantsprogramme

[D]stopgenerousfundingtothehousingsector

PartB

Directions：

Readthefollowingtextandanswerthequestionsbyfindinginformationfromtherightcolumnthatcorrespondsto

uransweron

ANSWERSHEET.(10points)

EmerginginthelateSixtiesandreachingapeakintheSeventies,LandArtwasoneofarangeofnewforms,

includingBodyArt,PerformanceArt,ActionArtandInstallationArt,whichpushedartbeyondthetraditionalconfinesof

thanportrayinglandscape,landartistsusedthephysicalsubstanceofthelanditselfastheir

medium.

TheBritishlandartist,typifiedbyRichardLong’spiece,wasnotonlymoredomesticallyscaled,butalotquirkier

,whileyoumightassumethatanexhibitionofLandArtwouldconsistonlyofrecords

ofworksratherthantheworksthemselves,Long’is“action”isinthepastthe

photographisitssoleembodiment.

Thatmightseemratheranobscurepoint,butitsetsthetoneforanexhibitionthatcontainsalotofblack-and-white

photographsandrelativelyfewnaturalobjects.

LongisBritain’sbest-knownLandArtistandhisStoneCircle,aperfectringofpurplishrocksfromPortisheadbeach

laidoutonthegalleryfloor,representstheelegant,leFamily,ontheotherhand,stands

foritsdirty,singartistsMarkBoyleandJoanHillsandtheirchildren,theyrecreatedrandomsections

lafStreetStudy,asquareofbrick-strewnwasteground,isoneofthefew

worksheretoembracethemundanitythatcharacterizesmostofourexperienceofthelandscapemostofthetime.

Parksfeature,particularlyintheearlierworks,suchasJohnHilliard’sveryfunnyAcrossthePark,inwhichalong-

hairedstrollerisvariouslysmiledatbyaprettygirlandunwittinglyassaultedinasequenceofimagesthatturnouttobe

differentpartsofthesamephotograph.

GenerallyhoweverBritishlandartistspreferredtogetawayfromtowns,gravitatingtowardslandscapesthatare

traditiontprobablywasn’tapparentatthe

time,muchofthisworkispermeatedbyaspiritofromanticescapismthatthelikesofWordsworthwouldhavereadily

arman’syellow-tintedfilmTowardsAvebury,acollectionoflong,mostlystillshotsoftheWiltshire

landscape,evokesatraditionofEnglishlandscapepaintingstretchingfromSamuelPalmertoPaulNash.

InthecaseofHamishFulton,youcan’thelpfeelingthattheScottishartisthassimplyfoundawayofmakinghislove

alwork,suchasSevenDays,consistsofasinglebeautifulblack-and-whitephotographtakenonan

epicwalk,hLandArtasshowninthiswellselected,but

relativelymodestlyscaledexhibitionwasn’taboutimposingonthelandscape,moreakindoflandscape-orientatedlight

tsoriginsinthegreatoutdoors,buttheresultswereasgallery-boundasthe

paintingsofTurnerandConstable.

[A]originatesfromalongwalkthattheartisttook.

41．StoneCircle

[B]illustratesakindoflandscape-orientatedlightconceptualart.

42．OlafStreetStudy

[C]remindspeopleoftheEnglishlandscapepaintingtradition.

43．AcrossthePark

[D]representstheeleganceoftheBritishlandart.

44．TowardsAvebury

[E]depictstheordinarysideoftheBritishlandart.

45．SevenDays

[F]embodiesaromanticescapeintotheScottishoutdoors.

[G]containsimagesfromdifferentpartsofthesamephotograph.

SectionⅢTranslation

ion：

ourtranslationonANSWERSHEET.(15points)

Mostpeoplewoulddefineoptimismasbeingendlesslyhappy,withaglassthat’t’s

exactlythekindoffalsecheerfulnessthatpositivepsychologistswouldn’trecommend.“Healthyoptimistsmeansbeingin

touchwithreality”,saysTalBen-Shahar,ingtoBen-Shahar,realisticoptimistsarethosewho

makethebestofthingsthathappen,butnotthosewhobelieveeverythinghappensforthebest.

feelsdown–say,aftergivingabadlecture—hegrantshimself

ndshimselfthatnoteverylecturecanbeaNobelwinner;somewillbelesseffectivethan

yzestheweaklecture,learninglessonsforthefutureaboutwhatworksandwhat

doesn’y,thereisperspective,whichinvolvesacknowledgingthatinthegroundschemeoflife,onelecturereally

doesn’tmatter.

SectionⅣWriting

PartA

ions：

SupposeyouaregoingtostudyabroadandshareanapartmentwithJohn,alocalstudent,writehimanemailto

1)tellhimaboutyourlivinghabits,and

2)askforadviceaboutlivingthere.

Youshouldwriteabout100wordsontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)

“ZhangWei”instead.

Donotwriteyouraddress.(10points)

PartB

ions：

essay,youshould

1)interpretthechart,and

2)giveyourcomments.

Youshouldwriteabout150wordsontheANSWERSHEET.(15points)

2014年英语二真题答案

SectionIUseofEnglish

1．B2．A3．C4．A5．D6．A7．C8．C9．D10．B

11．A12．B13．C14．D15．B16．D17．A18．D19．C20．B

SectionⅡReadingComprehension

PartA

Text121—25BADBC

Text226—30ACBAD

Text331—35BADDC

Text436—40BCACD

PartB

41—45DEGCA

SectionⅢTranslation

【参考译文】

大多数人可能把乐观定义为无休止的快乐,就像水杯中永远有半杯水一样。但是这确实是对欢乐错误的定义,这

是积极的心理学家们所不推崇的。“健全的乐观意味着要与事实相结合。”哈佛大学的教授塔尔•班夏哈这样说

道。根据塔尔·班夏哈的观点,现实的乐观主义者是指能够充分利用既定事实的人们,而不是认为所有的事情都会

有最好的结果。

塔尔•班夏哈运用了乐观的三步。首先,当他感觉不好的时候—比如,在结束一场糟糕的演讲后,他坦然承认自

己只是很普通的人。他提醒自己,并不是每次演讲都能获得诺贝尔奖,一些演讲可能没有其他的有效(并不是所有演

讲都有效)。其次,就是自我重建,他分析差的演讲,为以后的演讲学习哪些可以有助于演讲而哪些不行。最后,就是透

视法,那就是必须承认在宏伟的人生蓝图中,一次演讲真的什么都不算。

SectionⅣWriting

PartA

【参考范文】

DearJohn,

IamLiMing,andIamsodelightednotonlytohavetheopportunitytostudyabroadbutalsotohavethechanceto

ritingtotalkabouttheinformationregardingthedetails.

Firstofall,ustomedtogettinguplateandgoingto

tion,yhopewecouldgetonwellwitheachother.

Atthesametime,couldyoubesokindastogivemesomerelevantadvicesonwhatIshouldprepareandbringabroad?

Thankyouforyourkindness,andyourpromptattentiontothisletterwillbehighlyappreciated,lookingforward

toyourreply.

Yourssincerely,

LiMing

PartB

【参考范文】

Fromthestatisticsillustratedinthebarchart,wecanseearemarkablechangeinthepopulationratioinurbanandrural

1990,theurbanpopulationwas300

million,2000,theformerfigurehadgoneuptoabout450million.

Till2010,theurbanpopulationhadalreadycaughtupwiththeruralpopulation,almostreaching700million.

Whatcanaccountforthephenomenon?Tobeginwith,industrializationisthemainfactorandturnsontherolling

,alongwiththedevelopmentoftheindustrialization,moreandmoreworkforceisrequired,sothegovernment

tnotleast,peoplecanincreasinglyfeelthebigdifferencesinliving

standardsandincomelevelsbetweenurbanandruralareas,therefore,theychoosetoleave

ult,comesthegreatchangeinthepopulationratio.

AsfarasIamconcerned,industrializationwillproceed,lly,wecandrawa

conclusionthatthistrendwouldgooninthefollowingyearsuntilitcomestoareasonableceiling.