
虚拟语气表格
徐州铁路枢纽-c语言考试
2023年2月17日发(作者:百步穿杨)第四章虚拟语气
(一)状语从句中的虚拟语气
虚拟语气在if引导
的条件句中的用法
三点:
从句(条件)主句(目的)
表示于现在事实相
反的虚拟条件句
If+主语+动词的过去式(be用were)
IfIhadtime,Iwouldattendthe
meeting.
主语+would(shouldcouldmight)+动词
原型
表示与过去事实相
反的拟条件句
If+主语+had+动词的过去分词
Ifhehadhurried,hecouldhave
caughtthetrain.
主语+would(shouldcouldmight)+have+
动词的过去分词
表示与将来事实相
反的虚拟条件句
1、If+主语+动词过去式
2、If+主语+wereto+动词原形
3、If+主语+should+动词原形
IfIweretogoabroad,Iwouldgoto
America.
主语+would(couldshouldmight)+动
词原型
错综时间条件句—
—主从句时间不一
致的情况下的虚拟
语气
有时条件从句中的动作与主句中的动作,发生的时间不一致,这是动作的形
式应根据它所表示的时间加以调整。
Ifyouhadfollowedmyadvice,youwouldbebetternow.
Ifyouhadstudiedhardbefore,youwouldbeacollegestudentnow.
含蓄条件句
有时虚拟条件句并没用if从句表示出来,而是用介词短语(otherwise,or,
without,butfor)上下文或其他方式来表示。
Shewouldhavediedwithoutmyhelp.。
条件从句中省略if
采用倒装语序的情
况
在if引导的表示虚拟的条件状语从句中,有时可以把虚拟条件中的连词if省
去,而将had,should,were等助动词提到主语之前。
例:原句:1:Ifshewereyounger,she,woulddoit.
去if:Weresheyounger,shewoulddoit.
2:Ifyouhadcomeearlier,youwouldhavemethim.
去if:Hadyoucomeearlier,youwouldhavemethim
3:Ifitshouldraintomorrow,wewouldnotgoclimbing.
去if:Shoulditraintomorrow,wewouldnotgoclimbing.
1.表示与现在事实相反或对现在情况有怀疑,谓语动词用过去式。
Hetreatstheboyasifhewerehisownson.
虚拟语气在asif/as
though引导的方式
状语从句中
2.表示与过去事实相反,谓语动词用过去完成时。
Hespokeasifhehadknownaboutit.
3.表示与将来事实相反,(表示将来的可能性不大),用would(might,could)+
动词原形
Heactsasifhecouldwininthegame.
注意:1.在asif/asthough句中,如果有可能成为事实,用陈述语气。
例:Helooksasifhegoingtobeill.
gh或asif引导的状语从句,从句主语和主句主语相同时,从句中可
省略主语和部分谓语。
虚拟语气用在lest,
forfearthat,sothat
及inorderthat引导
的目的状语从句中
表示“以防,以免”
等意思
谓语动词多用should/could/might+动词原型构成
Forfearthatitmayraintomorrow,weshouldbringanumbrella.
“Incase”引导的从
句中即可用陈述句,
也可以用虚拟语气
(should)+动词原型
例:ewillbeputoffincaseit(should)snow.
ewillbeputoffincaseitsnows.
(二)名词性从句中的虚拟语气
一:宾语从句中的虚拟
语气
1.在动词wish/hope后的
宾语从句中的虚拟语气,
表示一种不可能实现的
愿望。
对现在情况的虚拟:从句谓语动词用过去式或过去进行式。
Iwish(that)Iwereabird.
对过去情况的虚拟:从句谓语动词用过去完成时,或would,could,might+
现在完成时。
Iwish(that)Ihadseenthefilmlastnight.
对将来情况的虚拟:从句谓语“would/should/could/might+动词原形”。
Iwish(that)Iwouldcouldgo.
均以“should+动词原型”表示这种语气,“should”常被省略。
Wesuggestedthatthemeeting(should)beputoff.
Theyinsistedthattheboy(should)gowiththem.
在表示建议,命令,要
求,忠告,等动词的后
面的宾语从句中的虚拟
语气
常用的此类动词有:
表示“提议,劝告,建议”的:propose,suggest,recommend,advise.
表示“要求”的:ask,desire,request,demand,require,beg
表示“同意,坚持”的:insist
表示“决定,命令”的:decide,order
注意:suggest,insist不表示建议或坚持要某人做某事时,即它们用于其本
意暗示,表明,坚持认为时,宾语从句用陈述语气。
Thesmileonhisfacesuggested(暗示)thathewassatisfiedwithourwork.
Themaninsisted【坚持认为】thathehadneverstolenthemoney.
Wouldrather,hadrather,
后的宾语从句中的虚拟
语气
谓语动词用过去式表示与现在或将来相反
Iwouldratheryoutoldmethetruth.
用过去完成式表示与过去事实相反。表示“宁愿做什么”或“对过去做的
事的懊悔”。
IwouldratheryouhadgonetherelastSunday.
注意:1.若某人愿自己做某事,wouldrather后用动词原型
ather…..than……中用动词原型
Iwouldratherdoitbymyself.
IwouldratherwatchTVathomethangotothecinema.
主语从句中的虚拟语气
“Itis(was)+形容词(或
过去分词)+that….”结
构中的虚拟语气
表达形式为should+动词原形或省略should
It’squitenecessarythatweshouldhaveawalknow.
常用的形容词:natural,appropriate,advisable,necessary,important,urgent,
probable,possible,desirable,strange。
注意:在上述所列形容词后面用that引出的宾语从句中,谓语动词也要用
虚拟语气。
例:Idon’tthinkitadvisablethattombeassignedtothejobsincehehasno
experience.(汤姆缺乏经验,指派他做这项工作我认为是不恰当的).
在“Itis(was)+名词
+that…..”结构句中的虚
拟语气
表示建议,命令,请求,道歉,怀疑,惊奇等。
It’sapitythatyou(should)missagoodchance.
这类名词有:advice,decision,desire,demand,idea,order,pity,proposal,
recommendation,suggestion,surprise,wish,wonder等。
二.表语从句或同位语从句中的虚拟语气
某些表示建议,请求,
命令等主观意向的名词
做主语时,其后的表语
从句或同位语从句需用
虚拟语气
表达形式为should+动词原型或直接用动词原型。
Myideaisthatwe(should)thinkitoverbeforeacceptingit.
Weallagreetothatsuggestionthatthemeeting(should)beputoff.
在Itisdemanded/suggested/ordered/required….
that-clause句型中从句用(should)+动词原型
Itisdemandedthatweshouldworkoutaplan.
这类名词常见的有:demand,desire,requirement,advice,recommendation,
suggestion,order,necessity,proposal,plan,idea。
在Itis(about/high)time+that定语从句中的虚拟语气
表示“该做……..的时候
了”
其动词形式用一般过去时或should+动词原型
Itishightimethatyouwent/shouldgotoschool.
注意:在thisisthefirsttime/secondtimethat….句型中,从句中谓语动词
用陈述语气完成时态。
Thisisthesecondtimethatwehaveachievedsuchagreatsuccess.
.选择题
he____quietlyasthedoctorinstructed,hewouldnotsuffersomuchnow.
lie
sheveryfamily____alargehousewithabeautifulgarden.
____inturn,you____sotired
;didn’;wouldn’iving;wouldn’t
get
ven;wouldn’thavegot
4._____itraintomorrow,wewouldhavetoputoffthevisittotheYangpuBridge
stedtheperson_____tobeputintoprison
encilispartlyinaglassofwater,itlooksasifit____
nbroken
ted_____toseeadoctor,butheinsistednothing___wrongwithhim
ogo;;;ldto;is
8.---Yourauntinvitesyoutothemoviestoday
---Ihadrathershe____metomorrowthantoday
d
9.---Wouldyouhavecalledheruphaditbeenpossible
---Yes,butI____busydoingmyhomework
e
lthatday,otherwiseI____thesportsmeet
ake
partin
11.___theclouds,youwouldfindtheairplaneintheskyeasily
notfor
wyer____herelastSunday,he____mefromgoing
n,n,wouldprevent
,,wouldhaveprevented
13.____hard,hewouldhavepassedtheexam
to
work
14.____today,hewouldgettherebyFriday
eft
listenedtothedoctor,you____allrightnow
avebeen
____,shewouldhavemetmy
brother
e
____busyyesterday,orhe___youwithyourexperiment.
,,n,would
,wouldhavehelped
____forthesnow,we____themountainyesterday
t,t,been,
’tbeen,couldclimb
telectricity,humanlife____quitedifficulttoday
e
20.---Iamgoingtotellherthenews
---Iwouldassoonyou_____heraboutit
’’’’ttell
’sfather,aswellashismother,insistedhe____home
equestedthattheplay____again
istedthatadoctor_____immediately
t
24.---Didyouscoldhimforhiscarelessness
----Yes,but____it
A.I’drathernotdoB.I’d’tdoD.
I’dbetternotdo
I___mycar
’’’’tlost
water,it____impossibletoliveintheearth
’tbe
ratheryou____anythingaboutitforthetimebeing
’’’t
d-heartedcoupletreattheorphanverywellasthoughhe____their
ownson
be
oldpeoplewishthatthey____youngoncemore
be
ghtimethatwe____ameetingtodiscussthisproblem
d
efclosedhiseyes____he____dying
,,,,
were
hatyou____suchabadheadachebecauseIamsurethatyou
wouldhaveenjoyedtheconcert
’’thave
irmaninsistedthatwe____thequestionagain
discussed
estedthatthestudents____themgetincrops
g
rdatthegateinsistedthateverybody_____therules
bey
____herethen
e
rangethathe____backsoearly
havecome
suggestedthatI___myhomeworkfirstbeforewatchingTV
ne
estionisthatthemeeting____offtillnestSunday
nput
lkingsomuchaboutAmericaasifhe____there
cherdemandedthattheexam_____beforeeleven
finished
42.---Sorry,tmeanto……
----Don’tcallme“Joe”,toyou,and____youforgetit!
’’t
n.I____butI____allthismorning
,,ave,have
ave,hadwashing