environment可数吗
-镀锌钢管型号规格表
2023年2月15日发(作者：大学生就业创业)探索尚未知道的东西
Module5Unit2Newwordsandexpressions
Words:debate,lay,approach,figure,production,beneficial,responsibility,effective,willing,state,shock,
disappoint,shame,arrival,limited,decrease,equipment,measure,raise,concern,importance,advise,
endanger,remain,effort,appreciate
Expressions:cutbackon,runoutof,Itisobviousthat…,wipeout,inaddition,openthefloor,Whatif,
take…intoconsideration,ebody.,bestockedwith,pickout,ondoing
something,intheformof,belikelytodosomething,relyon,resultin,leadto,underway,focuson,itis
illegaltodosomething,prohibitsomebodyfromdoingsomething,solutiontosomething
Part1Wordsfrompage22to25
根据所给释义写出本单元出现的词
1._______formaldiscussionatapublicmeeting
2._______produceeggs;putinacertainposition
3._______comenearto;getcloseto
4._______havinggoodeffect;helpful
5._______processofproducing
6._______beingresponsible;duty
7._______havinganeffect
8._______readytohelp
9._______symbolforanumber
答案解析
debate既可用作名词，又可用作动词，意为“辩论，争辩，争论”。用作名词时有如下用法：
AfteralongdebateDavidwaschosencaptainofourschoolfootballteam.
Theproposalunderdebatewasputforwardbyourmonitor.
用作动词时，过去式和过去分词分别是debated，debated；现在分词为debating。常构成短语
.意为“与某人争论某事”等。举例如下：
Whataretheydebatingabout?
探索尚未知道的东西
Theyweredebatingwhethertogotothemountainsortotheseasidefortheirholidays?
Beforewemakeafinaldecision,wemustdebatethequestionwiththerestofthemembers.
Wedebatedformorethananhourontheadvantagesanddisadvantagesofthatplantoprotectour
environment.
名词debater的意思是辩论者
lay在本单元是用作动词，意思有“产卵，下蛋，放置，摆放”等。其过去式、过去分词分别为
laid，laid，现在分词是laying。lay的主要用法有：
Howmanyeggsdoesthehenlayeachweek?
Newlaideggs,onedollareachdozen.
Shelaidherhandonmyshoulder.
Pleaselaydownyourpensandjustlistentomecarefully.
Icarefullylaidmynewjacketonthebed.
Thenbothsidesstartedlayingtheblameoneachother.
Whydon’tyoulaythatproblemasideforawhileandthinkaboutitlater?
Hewaswillingtolaydownhislifeforhiscountry.
lay构成的词组很多，请说出下面句子中这些词组的意思：
a.放重点在……上b.摆设餐具c.归罪于
d.暂时解雇e.储蓄
(1)Pleaselaythetablefordinner.
(2)Thecouplelaidasidesomemoneyfortheiroldage.
(3)Thepresidentlaidgreatemphasisonwouldpeace.
(4)Don’tlayalltheblamefortheaccidentonme.
(5)Someworkerswerelaidoffbecauseofashortageofmaterials.
Keys:beacd
注意lay与lie的区别。lie有两种意思，一是“说谎”，过去式、过去分词分别为lied，lied；
现在分词是lying；二是“位于，躺”，过去式、过去分词分别为lay，lain；现在分词是lying。请根
据句子意思，用lay或lie的正确形式填空。
(1)Please_______thebookwhereit_______.
(2)Thelittleboy_______thathe_______theegg_______bythehen_______underthetree
探索尚未知道的东西
inthebox.
Keys:(1)lay,lay(2)lied,hadlaid,laid,lying
ch
approach既可用作及物动词，又可用作不及物动词，意为“接近，靠近”，分别可指距离上、
时间上，或某种状态上的接近。如：
Thelittleboyapproachedthemousequietlyandwatchedit.
Assummerapproached,theweatherbecamehotterandhotter.
Hisworkisapproachingperfection.
Heisratherdifficulttoapproach.＝It’snoteasytogetonfriendlytermswithhim.
approach也可用作名词，指“接近，渐近”或“（人）易、难亲近”。如：
Thebirdsflewawayinalldirectionsatmyapproach.
Theapproachoftheexaminationmadehimnervous.
Myclassteacheriseasyofapproach.
cial
beneficial是形容词，意为“有益的，有利的，有帮助的”，是正式用语。常构成短语“bebeneficial
to…”，意为“对……有帮助的”，如：
Enoughsleep,goodfoodandsomeexercisearebeneficialtothehealth.
Ihopethisholidaywillbebeneficialformyhusband,whoisunderhighpressureofwork.
beneficial的名词和动词都是benefit。作为名词时，意为“利益，帮助，恩惠，益处”，常构成
短语beofbenefitto，意为“对……有裨益”；以及forthebenefitof，意为“为了……的利用”，
用法如下：
Igotalotofbenefitfromtravelingaroundtheworld.
Thesecollectedmoneywillbeusedforthebenefitofthepeoplefromflood-strickenareas.
benefit既可用作及物动词，又可作不及物动词，意为“有益于；对……有益，因……得到利益”。
如：
Theprojectforenvironmentalprotectionwillbenefitusenormously.
Ibenefitedalotfrommyteacher’sadvice.
tion
production作不可数名词时，意为“生产，产出，产量，生产量”。如：
Thecompanyisfamousfortheproductionofmobilephones.
探索尚未知道的东西
Productionhasbeenincreasedbyusingbettermethods.
Thistypeofcarsisproducedinmassproduction.
production的动词是produce，意为“生产”；形容词是“productive”，意为“多产的”；另外一
个名词是可数名词product，意为“产品，生产物”，如：
Whatarethechieffarmproductsinyourprovince?
sibility
responsibility是不可数名词，意为“责任，职责，负责”，如：
Hedon’thaveasenseofresponsibility,soheisn’tpopularwithhisclassmates.
Hetriedtoavoidtakingresponsibilityfortheaccident.
Itistheresponsibilityofeveryofustoprotectourenvironment.
responsible是形容词，意为“有责任的，应负责任的”，如：
Parentsareresponsiblefortheirchildren’ssafety.
Whoisresponsibleforthemessintheclassroom?
Isn’thetooyoungforsucharesponsiblejob?
ive
effective是形容词，意为“有效的”，如：
Thelocalgovernmenthasalreadytakensomeeffectivemeasuretodevelopthecitywithout
damagingtheecosystem.
Thismedicineishighlyeffectiveagainstbird-flu.
ThenewlawbecomeseffectiveonOctober1st.
effective的比较级和最高级分别为“moreeffective”和“themosteffective”。其副词为
effectively，意为“有效地”。反义词是ineffective，意为“无效的”；名词是effect，意为“功效，
作用”，常构成词组havea/an…effecton…，意为“对…产生…的作用”。effect一词的用法举例
如下：
Thismedicinehadagood/abad/aside/anill/aninstant/anegativeeffectonthatpatient.
Punishmenthadverylittleeffectonthosefactories,whichcreatedharmfulwaste.
Theplansofprotectingtheendangeredanimalswillsoonbecarriedintoeffect.
g
willing是形容词，意为“乐意的，自愿的”。如：
Areyouwillingthatheshouldbeadmittedintoourclub?
探索尚未知道的东西
Aretheywillingworkersforenvironmentalprotection?
willing的比较级和最高级分别是morewilling和themostwilling，其副词是willingly，意为“乐
意地”，名词是“willingness”，意为“心甘情愿”，如：
Hegaveuphisseattotheoldladywillingly.
Thosevolunteersshowedgreatwillingnesstoserveinthe2008OlympicGames.
figure可用作名词，意为“数字”，如：
ureisreallyincredible.
Hehasanincomeofsixfigures.
Thepriceofthehouseisinsevenfigures.
figure用作名词还有其他意思，如“图形，身材，大人物”等。如：
Theblackboardwascoveredwithinterestingfigures.
Itakeexerciseeverymorningtokeepmyfigure.
BillGatesisanoutstandingfigureinIT.
figure也可用作动词，构成词组figureout，意为“计算出，理解”，如：
Ican’tfigureoutwhyshedroppedschool.
巩固练习：用上面9个单词的正确形式填空
epeoplewhoareinfectedwiththevirus,
portedthatthe___1___methatthereisa
illagersareholdingameeting,3whethertheyshould
llagerssaytheyare5tokilltheirhens,which
6eggseveryday,ifitis7tothehealthofthevillagers,sinceitisthe8ofeachvillagerto
evillagersarguethattheycantakesome9measures
toprotectthemselves.
Keys:
ive
探索尚未知道的东西
Part2Wordsfrompage29to35
根据首字母拼写出本单元出现的单词
uildingsareinabads_______.Itissuggestedthattheybepulleddown.
res_______bythenewsthatmorethan20studentswerekilledintheroadaccident.
rereallyd_______atthenewsthatalltheticketshadbeensoldout.
_______totreatanimalslikethat.
_______attheairport,hetelephonedhome.
allengingforustofinishthisprojectinal_______time.
ulationofthevillagehasd_______by120toabout600.
erntechnicale_______ofhislaboratorymadeitaspecialone.
_______doyousupposeweshouldtaketoprotectourenvironment?
答案解析
state在本单元用作名词，意为“状态，状况，情形”。用法如下：
Generallyspeaking,matterhasthreestates－solid,liquidandgas.
Thepatientisinapoorstateofhealth.
state用作名词还可指“国家、（构成联邦共和国的）州、国家的”。如：
HowmanystatesarethereintheUnitedStatesofAmerica?
Therailroadsbelongtothestateinthiscountry.
state也可用作动词，意为“陈述、声明”。如：
ThevisitingPrimeMinisterstatedthatseveralagreementshadbeenreachedduringthestatevisit.
d
shock是及物动词，意为“使震惊，使震动”。
Theresultofthetsunamiisveryshocking,withdeadbodieshereandthere.
Iwasshockedatthenewsofhissuddendeath.＝Iwasshockedtohearthenewsofhissudden
death.
shock也可用作名词，意为“震惊、冲击、震动”。如：
Thenewsofhissuddendeathwasagreatshocktous.
Threeshocksoftheearthquakeswerefeltlastnight.
探索尚未知道的东西
[拓展]同shock一样，还有一些不可数名词，如success，failure，honor，danger，surprise
等；当指具体的每个人或某件事时，前面可加a或an，如：
LiuXiangisreallyagreatsuccess.
Myclassteacherturnedupatmybirthdayparty,whichwasreallyabigsurprise.
ointed
disappoint是及物动词，意为“使失望”。常以过去分词disappointed作形容词，意为“失望的，
沮丧的”，构成词组bedisappointedat/about/with，意为“对…而感到失望”，及bedisappointed
todosth.，意为“做…而感到失望”。用法举例如下：
Theresultoftheexperimentreallydisappointedus.
Pleasedon’tdisappointme.
Whatareyoulookingsodisappointedabout?
Hewasdisappointedtohearthenewsthathisvisawasrefused.
Weweredisappointedthatourteamhadlostthegame.
disappointing是形容词，意为“让人失望的，令人扫兴的”，如：
Howdisappointingtheweatherthissummeris!
disappointment是名词，意为“失望，灰心，扫兴”，如：
Whenheheardthebadnews,hisdisappointmentwasobvious.
Muchtomydisappointment,thepicnicwasputoffbecauseofthebadweather.
shame在本单元用作名词，意为“可耻的事或人”时可用作可数名词，“羞耻，羞愧”时是不可
数名词。如：
Whatashametotakeintheoldlady!
Hewascalledashametohisclassforhischeatingintheexam.
Tomyshame,Imadethesamemistakeagain.
Theboyhunghisheadinshame.
Ifeltshameathavingtoldalie.
shameful是形容词，意为“可耻的”，shamefully是副词，意为“可耻的”。
l
arrival是名词，意为“到达者；到达物；到达，到来”。如：
OurtimeofarrivalinSydneyiseighto’clock.
探索尚未知道的东西
Onhisarrivalhome,hekissedbothofhiskids.
Wearewaitingforthearrivalofthenews.
Thereareseveralnewarrivalsatthehotel.
arrive用作不及物动词，意为“到达，抵达”。
arrive后面加介词at，则为到达较小的场所，如：家、店、镇等；后面加介词in，则为到达较
大的地方，如：国家、大都市等；而on则用于岛屿及现场等，如：
Whenshallwearriveattheairport?
I’llphoneyouthetimeIarriveinNewYork.
Thepolicearrivedonthesceneinnotime.
Ittookthemalongtimetoarriveataconclusion.
Atlastthedaytheyhadbeenlookingforwardtoarrived.
d
limited为形容词，意为“有限的”。如：
Hisknowledgeofhistoryisratherlimited.
Thelimitededitionmadethestampmovevaluable.
Youshoulddrivewithinthelimitedspeedinthisarea,otherwiseyou’llbefined.
limit作名词时，意为“极限，限度，界限”。如：
ylimits.
Herpatiencereacheditslimit.
Ifonlythebankswouldlendmoneywithoutlimit?
limit作动词时，意为“限制，限定”。常用词组limitsb./.，意为“把…限制在…内”。
如：
Wemustlimittheexpensetowhatwecanafford.
Motherlimitedustoanice-creameach.
sed
decrease既可作动词用，又可作名词用，反义词为increase。作动词时，意为“减少，使减退”。
如：
Thankstothenewtrafficlaw,thenumberoftrafficaccidenthasdecreased.
Thenumberofmiludeerhasdecreasedto250inthatarea.
Theconductordecreasedthespeedofthetrainbecauseofthetrafficaccidentahead.
探索尚未知道的东西
decrease作名词时，意为“减少的数量”。词组onthedecrease相当于decreasing，意为“在减
少中”。如：
Therehasbeenadecreaseinthenumberofsmokersthisyear.
Istheftonthedecrease?
ent
equipment是不可数名词，意为“设备，器材，装备”。如：
What’sthecostofequipment?
We’llvisitafactorywithmodernequipmentthisafternoon.
Hespentmuchtimeandmoneyontheequipmentofhisnewhouse.
equip是动词，意为“装备于…，使…本身具备”，过去式、过去分词分别为equipped、equipped，
现在分词为equipping。用法举例如下：
Shallweequipourofficewithaprinter?
Wefoundournewschoolequippedwithdifferentkindsofsportsfacilities.
Themorewelearn,themoreequippedfordealingwithallkindsofproblemsinthemodernsociety
webecome.
es
measure在本单元作可数名词用，意为“措施，方法”，通常以复数形式出现。如：
Thetookstrongmeasuresagainstdangerousdrivers.
Theschoolhastakensomemeasurestopreventcheating.
measure作名词时，还有“尺寸，大小，基准”等。如：
Ihadacoatmadetomyownmeasure.
Itookthemeasureofmystudy.
Wealthisnotalwaysthemeasureofsuccess.
measure可用作动词，意为“测量（长度，大小，重量等），测定；测…的尺寸”。如：
Thetailormeasuredmeforasuit.
Thepolicemenaremeasuringthespeedofcars.
巩固练习：用上面的9个单词的正确形式填空
,hismotherwas___1___tobeinformedthat
idedtogotothe
探索尚未知道的东西
___2___there,shewas___3___tofindhersoninapoor___4___of
health,ghisheadin___5___infront
ofhismother,admittingthetimehespentonhisstudyhad___6___sincehebecameinterestedin
romisedthathewouldmakeuseofthemodern___7___inthelabinthe
___8___herhopedthat,atthesame
time,theuniversitywouldtakesome___9___tohelpthoseaddictedstudents.
Key:sed
es
Part3Wordsonpage38
根据句意及中文，写出本单元出现的词。
nystoryduringhisspeed______(引起)fewlaughs.
thekidsareaddictedtocomputergames,whicharouses______(关注，关心)ofboth
parentsandteachers.
hisspeech,theMinisterofEducationemphasizedthe______(重要性)ofeducation.
______(建议，忠告)meontheproblem?
erpollution______(危及)thelivingthingsintheriverinthepast.
hefire,verylittle______(留存，剩下)ofmyhouse.
every______(努力)toachievehighgrades.
’ll______(欣赏)thiscitybetterifyouknowitshistoryandculture.
’dbetter______(保留)themoneyforfutureneed.
答案解析
raise是及物动词，在本单元意为“引发；提出”。如：
Hislongabsenceraisedfearsabouthissafety.
ThetsunamiinIndonesiaraisedconcernbothathomeandabroad.
ThereportonUFOraisedthecuriosityofthekids.
Doesanyonehaveanypointstoraise?
探索尚未知道的东西
raise还有许多其他意思，请根据句意说说它们不同的含义。
a.饲养（家畜等）b.筹款，筹措c.举起，抬起
d.建立，建造e.抬高，提高
(1)Pleaseraiseyourhandsifyouarefortheplan.
(2)Hisfatherraisedhisvoiceinanger.
(3)Thefarmerraised20pigsandsomechickens.
(4)Theyraisedenoughmoneyfortheenvironmentalproductionproject.
(5)Theyplannedtoraiseamonumentforthedead.
Keys:ceabd
注意：raise是及物动词，其过去式、过去分词分别为raised，raised；现在分词是raising。而rise
是不及物动词，过去式、过去分词分别为rose，risen；现在分词是rising。
请试着以raise和rise的不同形式填写以下句子。
(1)Hetoldusthathe______byhisaunt.
(2)Asweallknow,thesun______intheeastandsetsinthewest.
(3)Theriver______3inchessinceitrained.
(4)Hestoodtherewithhisrighthand______.
(5)Agreatnumberofnations______andfellinthecourseofhistory.
(6)Thepriceofacupofcoffee______bytencents.
(7)Isawtears______tohereyes.
(8)He______tohisfeet,______hisvoiceinanger.
Keys:en/hasbeen
,raising
n
concern在本单元作名词用，意为“关心，关注”。如：
ThefamoussingerexpressedparticularconcernforthosechildreninfectedwithAIDS.
Hisgreatestconcerniswhethertheendangeredanimalswillbeprotected.
It’snoconcernofmine.
Themothershowedagreatdealofconcernforherson’sillness.
词组asfaras…beconcerned意为“就…而言”。如：
AsfarasI’mconcerned,I’mnotagainsttheplan.
探索尚未知道的东西
concerned为形容词，意为“担心的，担忧的”，如：
Weareallconcernedabouthersafety.
concerning为介词，意为“关于，涉及”。如：
TheproblemconcerningtheprotectionofTaihuLakewillbediscussedtomorrow.
Concerninghisproposal,therewereprosandcons.
ance
importance为不可数名词，意为“重要性”。如：
That’samatterofgreatimportancetous.
Theeducatoremphasizedtheimportanceofdevelopingteamspiritbetweenchildren.
[注意]be+of+抽象名词（importance,value,use,help…）＝be+该抽象名词的形容词（important,
valuable,useful,helpful…）。如：
Hisadviceisofgreatvalue.＝Hisadviceisveryvaluable.
important为形容词，意为“重要的”，常用于以下句型：
Itisimportantforustomasteraforeignlanguageinthemodernsociety.
Itisimportantthatyou(should)keepyourpromise.＝Itisimportantforyoutokeepyourpromise.
advise是及物动词，意为“建议，劝告”。常有以下用法：
Thedoctoradvisedacompleterest./takingaweek’srest
Iadvisedhimtostopsmokinganddrinking.＝Iadvisedhimthathe(should)stopsmokingand
drinking.
Iadvisedheragainstmarryingthatdishonestman.＝Iadvisedhernottomarrythatdishonestman.
advice是名词，意为“建议，劝告”。如：
Youwon’tgetwellunlessyoutake/followthedoctor’sadvice.
I’llaskmyteacherforadviceonthismatter.
That’sagoodpieceofadviceyougaveme.
ered
endanger是及物动词，意为“使受危险，危及”。如：
Hislazinessendangeredhischancesofsuccess.
endangered是形容词，意为“濒临绝种危险的”。如：
ArepandasendangeredinChina?
探索尚未知道的东西
danger是名词，意为“危险，危险物”。如：
Thedrowningboyisindangeroflosinghislife.
Thetigerisagreatdangertothevillagers.
dangerous是形容词，意为“危险的，不安全的”。如：
It’sdangeroustoplayonaroad.
ed
remain是不及物动词，意为“留存，剩余，逗留，仍然是”。如：
Ifyoutake3from10,7remains.
Whowouldliketoremainandhelpmedothedishes?
Whostolethefamouspaintingremainsunknown.
Itremainstobeseenwhetherhewillpassthedrivingtest.
Theyremaingoodfriendsthoughnowtheystudyintwodifferentcities.
Theboyboughthismotherabirthdaygiftwiththeremainingthreedollars.
effort是名词，意为“努力”。如：
HesparednoefforttohelpmewithmyEnglish.
Allmyeffortswereinvain.
Heliftedtheheavyrockwithouteffort.
Pleasemakeanefforttoarriveearly.
Theeffortsofthegovernmenttohelpthedisabledmadeadeepimpressiononallthepeoplewho
attendedthemelting.
iate
appreciate是及物动词，意为“赞赏，欣赏，赏识”。如：
Youcan’tappreciatethenovelunlessyouknowitsbackground.
Hisworkswerenotappreciateduntilafterhisdeath.
Weallappreciateaholidayafterayearofhardwork.
Iappreciateitwhenyouhelpotherswhentheyareintrouble.
appreciate还有“感激”的意思。如：
Iappreciateyourtimelyhelp.
探索尚未知道的东西
appreciation是名词，意为“鉴识，鉴赏力”等。如：
Hehasadeepappreciationofliterature.
e
reserve即可用作名词，意为“保护区，保留”，也可用作动词，意为“保留，保存”。如：
Afteralongjourney,wecametoaforestreserve.
Ihavelittlemoneyinreserve.
Wediscussedtheproblemwithoutreserve.
Imustreservestrengthforclimbingthemountaintomorrow.
reserve还有“预订，留作专用”之意。如：
Allseatsreserved
Thefirstthreerowsofthehallarereservedforspecialguests.
巩固练习：用上面9个单词的正确形式填空
Lastnight,whenIwaswatchingTV,myattentionwasdrawntoaspecialprogrammeaboutaforest
___1___,great___2___toprotectthe___3___
wasinterviewed,hesaidhewould___4___thereand
___5___thateverycitizenshouldknowthe___6___ofprotectingthe
essedhewould___7___thosewhojoinedhiminthecause.
Ithinkthisspecialprogrammewill___8______9___alloverthecountry.
Key:d
n
Part4Phrasesfrompage22to25
用下列词组的适当形式完成句子
cutbackonrunoutofItisobviousthat…wipeout
inadditionopenthefloorWhatif
tlostintheforest.______,itwasrainingcatsanddogs.
blediseasebrokeout,anditalmost______thepopulationoftheisland.
estionisthatyoushould______yourlivingcost.
4.______youareconcernedaboutthereformsintheeducationalsystem.
探索尚未知道的东西
’stimeforusto______forourdiscussiononhowtomakefulluseofnaturalresources.
oubtingwhetherwe______allournaturalresources.
7.______aliensshouldattacktheearth?
答案解析
tion
inaddition意为“另外，加之，又”，作副词用，相当于besides或aswell。如：
Hehadnotimetopreparethislecture,inaddition,hewasunwell。
Therewasabigearthquakeand,inaddition,therewereterribletsunamis.
Inaddition,thereisonemorepointIwouldliketomake.
inadditionto作介词用，意为“加之，除了…之外”。如：
HespeaksFrenchinadditiontoEnglish.
Inadditiontothesandwiches,AuntMarygaveuscookiestobringtothepicnic.
此外，addition的动词是add，能构成不同的词组。addsomethingto…，意为“把…添加入…”；
addupto，意为“总计”；addto意为“增添”。如：
Pleaseaddsomemoresalttothissoup.
Allhisschooleducationaddeduptonomorethanoneyear.
Thenewsthattheroadwasblockedaddedtoheranxiety.
ut
wipeout在本单元意为“扫除，消灭”，还有“擦洗…的内部，雪耻”等意思。如：
Ihopethattheterriblescenewillbewipedoutfromthelittleboy’smemory.
Itisreportedthattheimportedplantwillwipeoutsomeoftheoriginalspeciesthere.
Alltheinformationsavedinthecomputerwaswipedoutbythevirus.
Thedeadlydiseasealmostwipedouttheentirepopulation.
Thehouseswerewipedoutbytheflood.
Couldyouwipethebathout?
wipe还能构成其他词组，请试着说出下面这些句子中词组的意思。
a.（把溅出的水等）抹掉b.擦掉
c.擦去（眼泪等）d.把…擦干
(1)Willyoupleasewipeoffthedrawingfromtheblackboard?
探索尚未知道的东西
(2)Pleasewipeupthatspiltcoffee.
(3)Shewipedhertearsawaywithherhandkerchief.
(4)Pleasewipetheglassesdry.
Keys:bacd
kon
cutbackon意为“削减，缩减，减少”。如：
They’vealreadycutbackproductionbytwentypercent.
Youhavetocutbackonspending.
由cut构成的词组有很多，请试着说出下面这些句子中各词组的意思：
a.切碎b.插嘴c.切断（电力、煤气、自来水等）
d.剪下e.使孤立f.砍倒
(1)Theelectricitywascutoffbecauseoftheterriblestorm.
(2)Theyshouldn’thavecutdownthoseyoungtrees.
(3)Tomakethedish,youshouldfirstcutupthevegetablesintosmallpieces.
(4)HecutoutanarticleaboutLiuxiangfromthenewspaper.
(5)ThemomentIbegantospeak,hecutin.
(6)Thevillagewascutoffbytheheavysnow.
Keys:cfadbe
viousthat…
Itisobviousthat…是个固定句型，意为“…是显然的”。如：
Itisobviousthathetoldheralie.
Itisobviousthathedidn’tdoithimself.
Itis+形容词＋that…这种句型比较多见，同学们要学会自己归纳。如：
Itisimpossiblethathewillcomethisafternoon.
Itislikelythathewillgiveaspeech.
Itisimportantthatyoushouldkeepobeytheschoolrules.
Itisstrangethatyoudon’tknowhim.
Itisnecessarythatyoushouldbuysomanydressesatatime?
探索尚未知道的东西
efloor
openthefloor意为“自由发言”。如：
Theclubmembersopenedthefloorfortheirdiscussionwhethertheyshouldgiveuptheplanornot.
open的意思有很多。请试着说出下面这些句子中open的含义。
a.告知，表明b.开火c.展现
d.开张e.以…开始d.展开，打开。
(1)Thelovelyviewopenedoutbeforeoureyes.
(2)Heopenedhishearttothegirl.
(3)Mydreamistoopenarestaurant.
(4)TheRedArmymenopenedfireattheenemy.
(5)Heopenedoutafoldingmapforallofusandbeganhisstory.
(6)Thestoryopenedwithalovestorybetweenaprinceandaprincess.
Keys:cadbfe
of
runoutof意为“用完，耗尽”。如：
Ihaverunoutofmypocketmoney.＝Mypocketmoneyhasrunout.
Wearerunningoutoffuel.＝Ourfuelisrunningout.
由run构成的短语很多，请试着说出下列各句中run或其词组的含义。
a.褪色b.逃出，逃跑c.撞上d.偶然遇见
e.发烧f.追赶g.连续跑
(1)Luckily,theyranawayfromthefire.
(2)Iranacrossoneofmyoldfriendsinthestreetthismorning.
(3)Thetwopolicemenarerunningafterathief.
(4)ThecolorofthisT-shirtrunseasily.
(5)Hiscarranintothepost.
(6)Thelittlegirlranahighfever.
(7)Hewillrunonforhoursifyoudon’tstophim.
Keys:bdfaceg
探索尚未知道的东西
whatif常用于口语中，意为“如果…怎么办？”或“即使…又有什么关系？”。如：
Whatifwhathesaidistrue?
Whatifitrainswhilewearestillonourwayhome?
Whatifhegetsangry?
what或其构成的短语经常出现在口语中，表达不同的意思。请根据句意选择合适的答案。
!r?
?takes
(1)______goingoutforawalkaftersupper?
(2)—I’llgotoParisnestmonth?—______.
(3)______Didyoulosethecollectedmoney?
(4)—You’vetoldallourplantoourclassteacher?—______.
(5)______wearepoor,westillhaveeachother.
(6)Perseveranceis______tosucceed.
Keys:ecddbf
巩固练习:用上面所学的7个短语的适当形式填空
Areyouoftencaughtintheheavytrafficjam?Areyousurroundedbythenumerousnewsofterrible
caraccidents?___1___,haveyoufoundthattheairbecomeslessfresh?Yes,___2___withthenumber
oftheprivatecarsincreasingrapidlythesedays,newproblemscomeup.
Isay,it’stimeforallthecitizensto___3___forthisdiscussionwhetherthecarproductionshouldbe
___4___.Orshallwetakesomemeasurestotakethesituationundercontrol?___5___we___6___
thepetrolintheworld?Willtheterriblesceneinthesciencefictionfilmcometrue?Ihopeitwill
___7___fromourmemory.
Comeon!Pleasetakeactiontodosomethingforourselves.
Keys:viousthat,kon5.
dout
Part5Phrasesfrompage29to35
用下列词组的适当形式完成句子
take…intoconsideration,provide…for…,bestockedwith,pickout,ondoingsth.,intheformof,belikely
探索尚未知道的东西
todo
ietcontainsalotoffat______potatocrisps,potatochips,butter,creamandchocolate.
p______moderntechnicalequipmentandcomputerforweatherresearch.
ebusy______areaswhichareeasilyattackedbytheterrorists.
______cometotheconcert,forheisamusicfan.
ouldwe______whenwegorock-climbing?
6.______thenews,allofusjumpedwithjoy.
______differentthings,includingbooks,clothes,food______thosechildrenfrommountainous
areas.
答案解析
ormof
intheformof意为“以…的形式，形态”。如：
Shetaughtthechildrenthe26lettersintheformofanEnglishsong.
Heshoweduswaterintheformofice,snow,andsteam.
form还有其它意思，如：
Pleasefillintheapplicationform.
Thatathletewasoutofformandhelostthegame.
Adarkformcouldbeseeninthedistance.
Heformedthehabitofreading
Anideaformedinhismind.
kedwith
]bestockedwith意为“装备有…，储备有…”。如：
ThatshopiswellstockedwiththelatestfashionsofMP3.
Thatmaniswellstockedwithinformation.
stock除动词外，也可用作名词。如：
WehaveeverytypeofcolorTVsinstock.
I’msorry,thissizeofshoesisoutofstock.
gout
探索尚未知道的东西
pickout意为“找出，挑选”。如：
Shepickedoutapairofshoesthatmatcheshermother’sdressasabirthdaygift.
Wouldyoupickouttheplaceswhereshewouldpossiblygo?
pickout还有“了解、领会”这一含义。如：
Heisalwaysquickinpickingoutthemeaningofapassage.
pick组成的短语也不少，请试着说出下列句子中pick短语的含义。
a.挑三拣四b.驾车去接某人c.恢复健康
d.遭扒窃e.偶然获得f.采花
(1)ShallIpickyouupatthestation?
(2)Ihadmypocketpickedyesterday.
(3)Theboywascaughtpickingflowersinthegarden.
(4)Don’hortofmoneythesedays.
(5)Ithinkhe’llpickupsoon.
(6)Hepickeduptheinformationinamostunlikelyplace.
Keys:bdface
lyto
belikelyto相当于bepossibletodo，意为“有可能会…”。如：
Itislikelytoraintonight.
Itisreportedthattheincidentislikelytoleadtoawar.
它的另外一个句型是Itislikelythat…。此处的likely不能换成possible。如：
Heislikelytowinthegame.＝Itislikelythathewillwinthegame.
注意：likely可用作形容词和副词，而like可用作动词、介词、名词、形容词、连词和副词。请说
说下列各句中划线部分的意思。
(1)Likefather,likeson.
(2)Howwouldyoulikethebookyoureadlastweek?
(3)Ifeellikeacupofteanow.
(4)Ilikecollectingsweatpapers.
(5)It’ssomethinglikeacock.
(6)I’lldoitnowifyoulike.
(7)Coffeedoesn’tlikeme.
探索尚未知道的东西
(8)Tomisverymuchlikehisfather.
(9)Itisalikelyplaceforcamping.
(10)Hehasmostlikelylosthisway.
Keys:
(1)有其父比有其子。
(2)你认为……如何？
(3)想要
(4)喜欢
(5)有点象
(6)如果你喜欢
(7)不适合我的肠胃
(8)很象
(9)合适的地方
(10)很可能
探索尚未知道的东西
toconsideration
take…intoconsideration意为“考虑到某事”。如：
Wemusttaketheweatherintoconsiderationfirstwhenclimbingmountains.
beunderconsideration意为“正在考虑中”。如：
Whentobegintheplanofexchangestudentsisunderconsideration.
leave...outofconsideration意为“对…不加考虑”。如：
Thereisoneimportantfactthathasbeenleftoutofconsideration.
showconsiderationfor意为“体谅”。如：
Heshowsmuchconsiderationforhiswife.
inconsiderationof意为“考虑到…，顾及…”。如：
Inconsiderationofhispoorhealth,theydecidedtogoonthejourneywithouthim.
onnoconsideration意为“绝不…”。如：
Onnoconsiderationcanyougiveuptheplan.
另外，considering是介词，意为“鉴于，就…而论”。如：
Consideringhisage,hehasdoneverywell.
ing
ondoingsth.意为“一…就…”。如：
Onarrivingattheairport,hewasarrestedbythepolice.=Onhisarrivalattheairport,hewas
arrestedbythepolice.
Onseeinghermother,thegirlburstintotears.
ed,for
.意为“把某物提供给某人”，也可转换成h.如：
Theyprovidedthesufferswithfoodandclothes.＝Theyprovidedfoodandclothesforthesuffers.
provided是连词，意为“倘若…，在…条件下”。如：
Providedthatthereisnoopposition,we’llcarryouttheplan.
providing也是连词，意为“倘若…”。如：
Ishallgoprovidingthatitdoesn’train.
巩固练习:用上面所学的7个短语的适当形式填空
Lastnight,Ihadastrangedream.
探索尚未知道的东西
Idreamedofgoingtovisittheworldfamousdirector—StevenSpielberg.___1___thescene,I
foundhisstudio___2___
said___3___saidwhendirectingafilm,we
should___4___audience___5___,andonlyinthiswaycouldwe___6___goodfilms___7___
alltheplayswerewritten___8___Ileft,Steven___9___several
playsformetoread.
Whatasurprisingdream!
Keys:5.
out
Part6Phrasesonpage38
用下列词组的适当形式完成句子
underwayfocusonresultinleadtorelyon
onto…
(1)Thosevillagers______theYangtzeRiverfordrinkingwater.
(2)Thefactorypouredwastewaterintothelake,which______unsafedrinkingwaterinthisarea.
(3)Asweallknow,hardwork______success.
(4)“______fishinthisareainacertainperiod,”thefishermanwarnedus.
(5)ProjectHopeisstill______tohelpthosechildrentogeteducatedinpoorareas.
(6)Hisspeechmainly______theproblemofincreasingpopulationintheworld.
(7)Alotofdoctorswerecalledintoworkoutpossible______theunknowndiseaseoftheking.
(8)Visitors______enteringthisareaforthesakeoftheirsafety.
答案解析
relyon相当于relyupon，有时可以用dependon替换，意为“依靠，依赖”。如：
Youmaynotrelyontheweatherreport.
Heisnotthepersonwhocanbereliedon.
relyon/或relyon/意为“指望或相信某人会做…”。如：
探索尚未知道的东西
Irelyonhimtopaybackthemoney.＝Irelyonhispayingbackthemoney.
relyonitthat…意为“相信…”。如：
Youmayrelyonitthathewillcometomeetyou.
edin
resultin意为“导致…结果”。如：
Hisattempttostealmoneyfromtheladyresultedinfailure.
resultfrom意为“因…引起”。如：
Theterribleroadaccidentresultedfromhiscarelessness.
asaresult(of)意为“由于…，因为”。如：
Hewaslatefortheschoolasaresultofthetrafficjam.
ult,hewasfined.
withoutresult相当于invain，意为“徒劳，毫无结果”。如：
Itriedtorecallhernamewithoutresult.
o
[解析]leadto意为“导致（结果）”或“通向…”。如：
Thathecheatedintheexamledtohisbeingpunished.
AllroadsleadtoRome.
lead还能构成其它词组，如：
Gonearethedayswhenthepeasantsledadog’slife.
Whatledyoutobelievewhathesaid?
Withtheboyleadingtheway,wehadnodifficultyinfindingthehouse.
’sillegalto
It’sillegaltodosth.意为“做…是不合法的”。如：
It’sillegalforboysunder18todrinkinthisstate.
It’sillegaltocarrygunswithoutpermissioninourcountry.
Itis+形容词+todo的句型很多，举例如下：
It’sdangeroustoswimaloneinthisriver.
Itisnaturalforhimtoopposeaplanlikethat.
It’simportanttomasteraforeignlanguageinthemodernsociety.
ay
探索尚未知道的东西
under意为“在进行中”。如：
Severalprojectsareunderwaytohelpthosepoorcollegestudentstofinishtheireducation.
under表示“（工作的继续）在进行之中”或“正被…中”，有好几个词组。如：
Ournewschoolisunderconstruction.
.
burgwhenitwasunderattackofNazi.
请用其短语的适当形式完成下列句子。
(1)Only______canweworkouttheproblem.
(2)______,where’sthenearestpostoffice?
(3)Thestudentsclimbed______uptothetopofthemountain.
(4)HecametoChina______Japan.
(5)Atlast,thecompany______theworkers’demandofasalaryraise.
(6)Don’tstand______.
(7)Hewas______totheairportwhenhiscarbrokedown.
(8)Youarecorrect______.
(9)Youshould______anambulancewhendriving.
(10)Thegirl______inthedarkstreet,andshefoundnoonetoturntoforhelp.
(11)TheGreatWall______fromeasttowest,lyinginthenorthofChina.
(12)Mum,CanIplaycomputergamesforanother2hours.—______!
Keys:(1)inthisway(2)Bytheway(3)alltheway!(4)bywayof(5)gave
wayto(6)intheway(7)onhisway(8)inaway(9)makewayfor
(10)lostherway(11)windsitsway(12)Noway
don
focuson意为“集中，关注”。如：
Wemustfocusourattentiononourstudy.
Thosewhoarenearsightedcan’tfocusondistantobjects.
Theboyforgottotelephonehisgrandmotherwithhisthoughtsfocusedonthemathsproblem.
onsto
solutionto…意为“…的解决方法”。如：
Ittookthemalongtimetofindthesolutiontothetroublebetweenthetwovillages.
探索尚未知道的东西
与solution连用的动词主要有以下几个：
arriveat/cometo/reachasolution
find/seekasolution
hitonasolution
该词组中的to为介词，以下词组中的to也是介词。如：
thekeytosuccesstheentrancetothecinemathekeytothedoorthe
waytotheschool
thenotestothetexttheanswertothequestionpayattentiontolook
forwardto
sticktodevote…to…adapttobeaddicted
to
belongtoinadditiontobeusedtodoingaddto
comeuptoturnto
hibitedfrom
ingsth.意为“用法律、规则等禁止某人做…”或“事情妨碍某人…”。
如：
Childrenareprohibitedfrombuyingcigarettes.
Thesaleofthismedicineisprohibited.
Hispooreyesightprohibitedhimfrombecomingapilot.
注意：prevent/stop/ingsth.意为“妨碍、防止某人做某事”。其中prevent
和stop词组里的from可省略。被动语态中，三个词组中的from都不能省略。如：
Hersuddenarrivalpreventedme(from)goingout.
Thegovernmenthastakensomemeasurestopreventthediseasefromspreading.
巩固练习:用上面所学的8个短语的适当形式完成下列句子。
he______tofinishhisschooleducation?
2.______bringivoryfromabroadtoourcountry.
ject______willlastfiveyears.
ldtrytoworkoutsome______thisproblem.
emptedtogointotheWhiteHouse______failure.
探索尚未知道的东西
______goingoutofourschoolduringweekdays.
tsareencouragedto______thenewsathomeandabroad.
honesty______hisbeingfiredbythecompany.
Keys:edin