2024年2月22日发(作者：)
英语固定短语搭配 Share classic historical materials
一、接不定式而不接动名词作宾语的24个常用动词
afford to do sth. 担负得起做某事
agree to do sth. 赞同做某事
arrange to do sth.布置做某事
ask to do sth. 要求做某事
beg to do sth. 恳求做某事
care to do sth. 想要做某事
choose to do sth. 决议做某事
decide to do sth. 决议做某事
demand to do sth. 要求做某事
determine to do sth. 决计做某事
expect to do sth. 等待做某事
fear to do sth. 惧怕做某事
help to do sth. 协助做某事
hope to do sth. 希望做某事
learn to do sth. 学习做某事
manage to do sth. 设法做某事
offer to do sth. 自动提出做某事
plan to do sth. 方案做某事
prepare to do sth. 预备做某事
pretend to do sth. 伪装做某事
promise to do sth. 容许做某事
refuse to do sth. 回绝做某事
want to do sth. 想要做某事
wish to do sth. 希望做某事
注：有些不及物动词后习气上也接不定式;不接动名词：
aim to do sth. 计划做某事
fail to do sth. 未能做某事
long to do sth. 盼望做某事
happen to do sth. 碰巧做某事
hesitate to do sth. 犹疑做某事
struggle to do sth. 努力做某事
二、接不定式作宾补的36个常用动词
advise sb. to do sth. 建议某人做某事
allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事
ask sb. to do sth.请叫某人做某事
bear sb. to do sth.忍耐某人做某事
beg sb. to do sth. 恳求某人做某事
cause sb. to do sth. 招致某人做某事
command sb. to do sth. 命令某人做某事
drive sb. to do sth .驱使某人做某事
elect sb. to do sth. 选举某人做某事
encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓舞某人做某事
expect sb. to do sth. 希冀某人做某事
forbid sb. to do sth. 制止某人做某事
force sb. to do sth. 强迫某人做某事
get sb. to do sth. 使要某人做某事
hate sb. to do sth. 厌恶某人做某事
help sb. to do sth. 协助某人做某事
intend sb. to do sth. 计划要某人做某事
invite sb. to do sth. 约请某人做某事
leave sb. to do sth. 留下某人做某事
like sb. to do sth. 喜欢某人做某事
mean sb. to do sth. 计划要某人做某事
need sb. to do sth. 需求某人做某事
oblige sb. to do sth. 迫使某人做某事
order sb. to do sth. 命令某人做某事
permit sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事
persuade sb. to do sth. 压服某人做某事
prefer sb. to do sth. 宁愿某人做某事
request sb. to do sth. 要求某人做某事
remind sb. to do sth. 提示某人做某事
teach sb. to do sth .教某人做某事
tell sb. to do sth. 通知某人做某事
train sb. to do sth. 训练某人做某事
trouble sb. to do sth. 费事某人做某事
want sb. to do sth. 想要某人做某事
warn sb. to do sth. 正告某人做某事
wish sb. to do sth. 希望某人做某事
注：不要受汉语意思的影响而误用以下动词句型：
汉语说：“惧怕某人做某事”;但英语不说fear sb. to
汉语说：“原谅某人做某事”;但英语不说
汉语说：“回绝某人做某事”;但英语不说汉语说：“惩罚某人做某事”;但英语不说汉语说：“建议某人做某事”;但英语不说
汉语说：“赞成某人做某事”;但英语不说汉语说：“告诉某人做某事”;但英语不说汉语说：“欢送某人做某事”;但英语不说汉语说：“坚持某人做某事”;但英语不说
汉语说：“希望某人做某事”;但英语不说汉语说：“布置某人做某事”;但英语不说汉语说：“要求某人做某事”;但英语不说汉语说：“感激某人做某事”;但英语不说汉语说：“恭喜某人做某事”;但英语不说
excuse forgive sb. to do
refuse sb. to
punish sb. to
suggest propose sb. to do
approve sb. to
inform sb. to
welcome sb. to
insist persist sb. to do
hope sb. to
arrange sb. to
demand sb. to
thank sb. to
congratulate sb. to do
汉语说：“阻止某人做某事”;但英语不说prevent sb. to
要表示以上意思;可换用其他表达：
汉语的“原谅某人做某事”;英语可说成excuse forgive sb. for doing
汉语的“希望某人做某事”;英语可说成wish sb. to
汉语的“建议某人做某事”;英语可说成advise sb. to
汉语的“布置某人做某事”;英语可说成arrange for sb. to
汉语的“要求某人做某事”;英语可说成demand of sb. to
汉语的“感激某人做某事”;英语可说成thank sb. for
汉语的“恭喜某人做某事”;英语可说成congratulate sb. on doing
汉语的“阻止某人做某事”;英语可说成prevent sb. from
三、接动名词不接不定式作宾语的34个常用动词
admit doing sth. 供认做某事
advise doing sth. 建议做某事
allow doing sth. 允许做某事
appreciate doing sth. 感谢做某事
avoid doing sth. 防止做某事
consider doing sth. 思索做某事
delay doing sth. 推延做某事
deny doing sth. 否认做某事
discuss doing sth. 讨论做某事
dislike doing sth. 不喜欢做某事
enjoy doing sth. 喜欢做某事
escape doing sth. 逃脱做某事
excuse doing sth. 原谅做某事
fancy doing sth. 想象做某事
finish doing sth. 完成做某事
forbid doing sth. 制止做某事
forgive doing sth. 原谅做某事
give up doing sth. 保持做某事
imagine doing sth. 想象做某事
keep doing sth. 坚持做某事
mention doing sth. 提及做某事
mind doing sth. 介意做某事
miss doing sth. 错过做某事
pardon doing sth. 原谅做某事
permit doing sth. 允许做某事
practice doing sth. 练习做某事
prevent doing sth. 阻止做某事
prohibit doing sth. 制止做某事
put off doing sth. 推延做某事
report doing sth. 报告做某事
risk doing sth. 冒险做某事
stop doing sth. 中止做某事
suggest doing sth. 建议做某事
understand doing sth. 了解做某事
四、接现在分词作宾补的20个常用动词
bring sb. doing sth.惹起某人做某事
catch sb. doing sth. 碰上撞上某人做某事
discover sb. doing sth. 发现某人做某事
feel sb. doing sth. 觉得某人做某事
find sb. doing sth. 碰上撞上某人做某事
get sb. doing sth. 使某人做某事
have sb. doing sth. 使某人做某事
hear sb. doing sth. 听见某人做某事
keep sb. doing sth. 使某人不停地做某事
listen to sb. doing sth. 听某人做某事
look at sb. doing sth. 看着某人做某事
notice sb. doing sth. 留意到某人做某事
observe sb. doing sth. 察看某人做某事
prevent sb. doing sth. 阻止某人做某事
see sb. doing sth. 看见某人做某事
send sb. doing sth.使某人忽然做某事
set sb. doing sth. 使惹起某人做某事
start sb. doing sth. 使某人开端做某事
stop sb. doing sth. 阻止某人做某事
watch sb. doing sth. 察看某人做某事
五、接动词原形作宾补的11个常用动词
feel sb. do sth. 觉得某人做某事
have sb. do sth. 使某人做某事
hear sb. do sth. 听见某人做某事
let sb. do sth.让某人做某事
listen to sb. do sth. 听着某人做某事
look at sb. do sth. 看着某人做某事
make sb. do sth. 使某人做某事
notice sb. do sth. 留意某人做某事
observe sb. do sth. 察看某人做某事
see sb. do sth. 看见某人做某事
watch sb. do sth. 察看某人做某事
六、接不定式或动名词作宾语意思相反的12个动词
like to do sth / like doing sth. 喜欢做某事
love to do sth / love doing sth. 喜欢做某事
hate to do sth / hate doing sth. 憎恶做某事
prefer to do sth / prefer doing sth. 宁可做某事
begin to do sth / begin doing sth. 开端做某事
start to do sth / start doing sth. 开端做某事
continue to do sth / continue doing sth. 持续做某事
can’t bear to do sth / can’t bear doing sth. 不能忍耐做某事
bother to do sth / bother doing sth. 费事做某事
intend to do sth / intend doing sth.想要做某事
attempt to do sth / attempt doing sth. 试图做某事
cease to do sth / cease doing sth. 中止做某事
七、接不定式或动名词作宾语意思不同的7个动词
1 remember to do sth. 记住要做某事
remember doing sth. 记住曾做过某事
2 forget to do sth. 遗忘要做某事
forget doing sth. 遗忘曾做过某事
3 regret to do sth. 懊悔遗憾要做某事
regret doing sth. 懊悔遗憾曾做过某事
4 try to do sth. 设法要做某事
try doing sth. 做某事试试看有何效果
5 mean to do sth. 计划做某事
mean doing sth. 意味着做某事
6 can’t help to do sth. 不能协助做某事
can’t help doing sth. 禁不住做某事
7 go on to do sth. 做完某预先接着做另一事
go on doing sth. 持续做不断在做的事
注：stop to do sth. 与stop doing sth.也不同;前者指停上去去做某事;后者指中止正在做的事
初中词组
一、动词词组包括短语动词、介词词组和其他词组
一由be构成的词组
1be back/in/out 回来/在家/外出
2be at home/work 在家/上班
3be good at 善于;擅长于
4be careful of 当心;注意;仔细
5be covered with 被……覆盖
6be ready for 为……作好准备
7be surprised at 对……感到惊讶
8be interested in 对……感到举
9be born 出生
10be on 在进行;在上演; 灯亮着
11be able to do sth. 能够做……
12be afraid of to do sth. that… 害怕……不敢做……;恐怕……
13be angry with sb. 生某人的气
14be pleased with 对……感到高兴满意
15be famous for 以……而着名
16be strict in with 对工作、对人严格要求
17be from 来自……;什么地方人
18be hungry/thirsty/tired 饿了/渴了/累了
19be worried 担忧
20be well worth doing 非常值得做……
21be covered with 被……所覆盖……
22be in great need of 很需要
23be in trouble 处于困境中
24be glad to do sth. 很高兴做……
25be late for ……迟到
26be made of from 由……制成
27be satisfied with 对……感到满意
28be free 空闲的;有空
29be ill in bed 卧病在床
30be busy doing with 忙于做……忙于……
二由come、do、get、give、go、have、help、keep、make、look、put、set、send、take、turn、play等动词构成的词组：
1come back 回来
2come down 下来
3come in 进入;进来
4come on 快;走吧;跟我来
5come out出来
6come out of 从……出来
7come up 上来
8come from 来自……
9do one's lessons/homework 做功课/回家作业
10do more speaking/reading 多做口头练习/朗读
11do one's best to do sth. 尽力去做某事
12do some shopping cooking reading; cleaning 买东西做饭菜;读点书;大扫除
13do a good deed good deeds 做一件好事做好事
14do morning exercises 做早操
15do eye exercises 做眼保健操
16do well in 在……某方面干得好
17get up 起身；起床
18get everything ready 把一切都准备好
19get ready for =be ready for 为……作好准备
20get on well with 与……相处融洽
21get back 返回
22get rid of 除掉;去除
23get in 进入;收集
24get on/off 上/下车
25get to 到达
26get there 到达那里
27give sb. a call 给……打电话
28give a talk 作报告
29give a lecture a piano concert作讲座举行钢琴音乐会
30give back 归还;送回
31give……some advice on 给……一些忠告
32give lessons to 给……上课
33give in 屈服
34give up 放弃
35give sb. a chance 给……一次机会
36give a message to…… 给……一个口信
37go ahead 先走;向前走;去吧;干吧
38go to the cinema 看电影
39go to bed 睡觉 对比：make the bed 整理床铺
40go to school / college 上学 / 上大学
41go to the hospital 去医院看病
42go over 过一遍;复习 / go over to 朝……走去
43go fishing / skating / swimming / shopping 去钩鱼 / 滑冰 /
游泳 / 买东西
44go home there 回家去去那儿
45go round 顺便去;绕道走
46go up 上去
47go out for a walk 外出散步
48go on doing 继续做……
49go on with one's work 继续某人的工作
50go upstairs/downstairs 上 / 下楼
51the lights go out 灯熄了
52have a lesson lessons / a meeting 上课/开会
53have a football / basketball match 举行一场足球 / 蓝球赛
54have dictation 听见
55have a try 试一试
56have a good/wonderful time 玩得很高兴
57have a lecture a piano concert 听讲座听钢琴音乐会
58have a report talk on 听一个关于……的报告
59have a glass of water a cup of tea 喝一杯水;一杯茶
60have breakfast/lunch/supper 吃早饭/午饭/晚饭
61have a meal three meals 吃一顿饭三餐饭
62have a dinner 吃正餐
63have bread and milk for breakfast 早饭吃面包和牛奶
64have have got a headache 头痛
65have a fever 发烧
66have a cough a cold 咳嗽感冒
67have a look at 看一看……
68have a rest a break 休息一会儿工间或课间休息
69have a talk 谈话
70have a swim/walk 游泳/散步
71have sports 进行体育锻炼
72have a sports meet meeting 开运动会
73have something done 让人请人做……
74have a test/an exam 测验/考试
75have an idea 有了个主意
76had better do sth. not do sth. 最好做……最好不要做……
77have a word with 与……谈几句话
78help sb. with sth. help sb. do sth. 在……方面帮助…… 帮助……做
79help oneself to some chicken/fish/meat 请随便吃点鸡/鱼/肉
80help each other 互相帮助
81keep up with 跟上……;不落后于……
82keep silent/quiet 保持沉默/安静
83keep sb. doing sth. 使……一直做……
84keep one's diary 记日记
85make a noise a lot of noise; much noise; noises吵闹十分嘈杂;响声
86make a living 谋生
87make sb. do sth. 迫使某人做……
88make faces a face做鬼脸
89make friends with与……交朋友
90make a mistake mistakes 犯错误
91make room/space for 给……腾出地方
92make a sentence sentenceswith 用……造句
93make a fire 生火
94be made from/of 由……制成
95be made in 在……地方制造
96look out of outside 往外看看外面
97look up a word in the dictionary 查字典
98look up 往上看;仰望
99look after 照管;照看;照顾
100look for 寻找
101look like 看上去像
102look fine/well/tired/worried 看起来气色好/健康/疲劳/忧虑
103look out 当心;小心
104look on …as… 把……当作……看待
105look around 朝四周看
106look at 看着……
107put on 穿上衣服;戴上帽子;上演戏剧
108put up 建造;搭起;挂起;举起;张帖
109put into 使进入;输入
110put one's heart into 全神贯注于
111put…down… 把……放下
112put…into… 把……译成
113set up 竖起;建起
114set off 出发;动身
115set out 出发
116set an example for 为……树立榜样
117send for 派人去请叫
118send out 放出;发出
119end up 把……往上送;发射
120take one's advice 听从某人劝告
121take out 拿出;取出
122take down 拿下
123take place 发生
124take one's place 坐……的座位;代替某人职务
125take the place of 代替……
126take a walk/rest 散步/休息
127take it easy 别紧张
128take sb. 随身带着
129take sb. to a park/London for one's holidays
伦敦度假
130take care of 关心;照顾;保管
131take a look a last look at 看一看最后看一眼132take an exam 参加考试
133take away 拿走
134take back 收回;带回
135take hold of 抓住……
136take off 脱下衣;帽;鞋等拿掉
/带某人去公园
137take an active part in 积极参加活动
138take photos 拍照
139take some medicine 服药
140take a bus/train; boat/ 乘公共汽车;火车/船
141turn on 开;旋开电灯;收音机等
142turn off 关上电灯;收音机等
143turn in 交出;上交
144turn…into… 变成
145turn to 翻到;转向
146turn down 把音量调低
147turn…over 把……翻过来
148play basketball 打篮球;football 踢足球;volleyball 打排球
149play games 做游戏
150play the piano the violin 弹钢琴拉小提琴
151play with snow 玩雪
152play a joke on 对……开玩笑
三由其他动词构成的词组
153think over 仔细考虑
154arrive at/in a place 到达某处
155eat up 吃完;吃光
156do well in 在……干得好
157enjoy doing sth. like doing sth. 喜欢做某事 喜欢干某事
158find out 发现;查出真相等
159finish off 吃完;喝完
160stop doing sth. 停止做某事
161stop to do sth. 停下来去做某事
162hold a meting 举行会议
163hold up 举起
164hurry up 赶快;快点
165enter for 报名参加
166langht at 嘲笑
167be used to 习惯于
168used to 过去常常
169wake…up 唤醒
170work out 算出
二、动词短语、介词短语和其他词组
1ask for 向……要……;请求
2ask for leave 请假
3send for 派人去请叫
4pay for 付……的款
5wait for 等候
6thank for 为……感谢
7apology to sb. for sth. 为某事向某人道歉
8look for 寻找
9leave…for 离开……去……
10fall off 跌落
11catch cold 着凉;伤风
12catch up with 赶上
13agree with sb. 赞成;同意某人的意见
14filled……with 把……装满
15tell sb. about sth. 告诉某人某事
16talk about 谈论……
17think about 考虑……
18worry about 担忧……
19look after 照料
20run after 追赶;跟在后面跑
21read after 跟……读
22smile at 对……微笑
23knock at 敲门、窗
24shout at 对……大喊嚷
25throw away 扔掉
26work hard at 努力做……
27wait in line 排队等候
28change…into… 变成
29hurry into… 匆忙进入
30run into… 跑进
31hear of 听说
32think of 认为;考虑
33catch hold of 抓住
34instead of 代替……
35hand in 交上来
36stay in bed 卧病在床
37hear from 收到……来信
38at once 立刻
39at last 最后
40at first 起先;首先
41at the age of… 在……岁时
42at the end of… 在……之末
43at the beginning of… 在……之初
44at the foot of… 在……脚下
45at the same time 同时
46at night/noon 在夜里/中午
47with one's help 在某人的帮助下;由于某人的帮助
48with the help of … 在……的帮助下
49with a smile 面带笑容
50with one's own eyes 亲眼看见
51after a while 过了一会儿
52from now on 从现在起
53from then on 从那时起
54far example 例如
55far away from 远离
56from morning till night 从早到晚
57by and by 不久
58by air mail 寄航空邮件
59by ordinary mail 寄平信
60by the way 顺便说
61by the window 在窗边
62by the end of… 到……底为止
63little by little 逐渐地
64in all 总共
65in fact 事实上
66in one's twenties 在某人二十几岁时
67in a hurry 匆忙
68in the middle of 在……中间
69in no time in a minute 立刻;很快
70in time on time 及时
71in public 公众;公开地
72in order to 为了……
73in front of 在……前面
74in the sun 在阳光下
75in the end 最后;终于
76in surprise 惊奇地
77in turn 依次
78of course 当然
79a bit of 有一点儿
80a lot of 许多
81on one's way to 某人在去……的路上
82on foot 步行;走路
83a talk on space 一个关于太空的报告
84on the other hand 另一方面
85at/on the weekend 在周末
86on the left right 在左右边
87on the other side of 在……另一边
88on the radio 通过收音机无线电广播
89to one's joy 使……高兴的是
90to one's surprise 使……惊讶的是
三、量词词组和其他词组
一量词词组
1a bit 一点儿
2a few of 一些可数;几个……
3a little 一些不可数
4a lot of lots of 许多
5a piece of 一张一片;块
6a cup of 一茶怀
7a glass of 一玻璃杯
8a pile of piles and piles of 一堆一堆堆的……
9a box of 一盒
10a copy of 一份;一本
11a bowl of 一碗
12a basket of 一篮
13a plate of 一盘
14a bottle of 一瓶
15a basin of 一脸盆
16a set of 一套
17a kind of 一种
18a type of 一种类型的
19a great deal of 非常多;大量的不可数名词
20a large great number of 非常多;大量的可数名词
21a great many 大量;许多可数名词
22a different type of 一种不同型号的
23a group of 一队;一组;一群
二其他词组
1all kinds of 各种各样的
2all over the world/the country 全世界/全国
3all over 遍及每一部分;浑身
4all one's life 一生
5one after another 顺次
6the Children's Palace 少年宫
7day after day 日复一日
8up and down 上上下下
9the day after tomorrow 后天
10the day before yesterday 前天
11the last/past two years or so 最近两年左右
12the whole country/the whole world 全国/全世界
13a moment ago 刚才
14just now/then 刚才/那时
15half an hour's walk 步行半小时的路程
16late on 过后;后来
初一英语语法总结
一、初一英语语法——词法
1、名词
A、名词的数
我们知道名词可以分为可数名词和不可数名词;而不可数名词它没有复数形式;但可数名词却有单数和复数之分;复数的构成如下：
一在后面加s..
如：fathers; books; Americans; Germans; apples; bananas
二x; sh; ch; s; tch后加es..
如：boxes; glasses; dresses; watches; wishes; faxes
三
1以辅音字母加y结尾的变y为i再加es..
如：baby-babies; family-families; duty-duties; comedy-comedies; documentary-documentaries; story-stories
2以元音字母加y结尾的直接加s..
如：day-days; boy-boys; toy-toys; key-keys; ways
四以o结尾加s外来词..
如：radios; photos; 但如是辅音加o的加es：如: tomatoes西红柿; potatoes马铃薯
五以f或fe结尾的变f为v再加ess..
如：knife-knives; wife-wives; half-halves; shelf-shelves;
leaf-leaves; yourself-yourselves
六单复数相同不变的有：
fish; sheep; deer鹿子; Chinese; Japanese
七一般只有复数;没有单数的有：
people; pants; shorts; shoes; glasses; gloves; clothes;
socks
八单词形式不变;既可以是单数也可以是复数的有：
police警察局;警察； family家;家庭成员； class班;同学;
九合成的复数一般只加主要名词;多数为后一个单词..
如：action movie-action movies; pen pal-pen pals; 但如果是由man或woman所组成的合成词的复数则同时为复数..如：man
doctor-men doctors; woman teacher-women teachers
十有的单复数意思不同..
如：fish鱼 fishes鱼的种类; paper纸 papers报纸;卷子;论文;
work工作 works作品;工厂; glass玻璃 glasses玻璃杯;眼镜;
orange桔子水 oranges橙子; light光线 lights灯; people人
peoples民族; time时间 times时代; 次数; chicken 鸡肉
chickens 小鸡
十一 单个字母的复数可以有两种形式直接加s或’s..
如：Is I’s; Ks K’s..但如是缩略词则只加s..如：IDs; VCDs;
SARs
十二 特殊形式的有：
child---children; man---men; woman---women; foot---feet;
mouse---mice; policeman---policemen; Englishman---Englishmen
B名词所有格
当我们要表示某人的什么东西或人时;我们就要使用所有格形式..构成如下：
一单数在后面加’s..如：brother’s; Mike’s; teacher’s
二复数以s结尾的直接在s后加’;如果不是以s结尾的与单数一样处理..
如：Teachers’ Day教师节; classmates’; Children’s Day六一节; Women’s Day三八节
三由and并列的名词所有时;如果是共同所有同一人或物时;只加最后一个’s;但分别拥有时却分别按单数形式处理..
如：Mike and Ben’s room迈克和本的房间共住一间;Mike’s and
Ben’s rooms迈克和本的房间各自的房间
2、代词
分类：人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、不定代词等..
单数
复数
指 示 代 词
近处
this
these
人称代词
主格
I
we
you
you
she
he
it
they
宾格
me
us
you
you
her
him
It
them
物主代词
远处
these
those
反身代词
类别
第一
人称
第二
人称
第
三
人
称
单数
复数
单数
复数
单数
复数
形容词性
名词性
my
mine
myself
our
ours
ourselves
your
yours
yourselves
your
yours
yourselves
her
hers
herself
his
his
himself
its
its
itself
their
theirs
themselves
3、动词
A 第三人称单数
当动词是第三人称单数时;动词应该像名词的单数变动词那样加s;如下：
一一般在词后加s..
如：comes; spells; waits; talks; sees; dances; trains
二在x; sh; ch; s; tch后加es..
如：watches; washes; wishes; finishes
三1以辅音字母加y结尾的变y为i再加es..
如：study-studies; hurry-hurries; try-tries
2以元音字母加y结尾的直接加s..
如：plays; says; stays; enjoys; buys
四以o结尾加es..如：does; goes
五特殊的有：are-is; have-has
B 现在分词
当我们说某人正在做什么事时;动词要使用分词形式;不能用原形;构成如下：
一一般在后加ing..
如：spell-spelling; sing-singing; see-seeing; train-training; play-playing; hurry-hurrying; watch-watching; go-going; do-doing
二以不发音e的结尾的去掉e再加ing..
如：dance-dancing; wake-waking; take-taking; practice-practicing; write-writing; have-having
三以重读闭音节结尾且一个元音字母＋一个辅音字母注意除开字母组合如show –showing; draw-drawing要双写最后的辅音字母再加ing..
如：put-putting; run-running; get-getting; let-letting;
begin-beginning
四以ie结尾的变ie为y再加ing..
如：tie-tying系 die-dying死 lie-lying 位于
4、形容词的级
我们在对两个或以上的人或物进行对比时;则要使用比较或最高级形式..构成如下：
一 一般在词后加er或est如果是以e结尾则直接加r或st..
如：greater-greatest; shorter –shortest; taller –tallest;
longer –longest; nicer- nicest; larger -largest
二以重读闭音节结尾且1个元音字母＋1个辅音字母字母组合除外..
如few-fewer fewest结尾的双写结尾的辅音再加er /est..
如：big—bigger biggest；red—redder—reddest；hot—hotter—hottest
三 以辅音字母＋y结尾的变y为i加er/est..
如：happy-happier happiest; sorry-sorrier sorriest;
friendly-friendlier friendliestmore friendly most friendly;
busy-busier busiest; easy-easier easiest
四特殊情况：两好多坏;一少老远
good/well—better—best；many/much —more— most ；bad/ill
—worse worst；little—less—least；old—older/elder—oldest/eldest；far—farther/further— farthest/furthest
5、数词 基变序;有规则；一、二、三;自己背；五、八、九、十二；其它后接th；y结尾;变为i; eth跟上去..
first; second; third; fifth; eighth; ninth; twelfth; seventh;
tenth; thirteenth; hundredth; twenty-twentieth; forty-fortieth; ninety-ninetieth
二、初一英语语法——句式
1.陈述句
肯定陈述句
a This is a book. be动词
b He looks very young. 连系动词
c I want a sweat like this. 实义动词
d I can bring some things to school. 情态动词
e There’s a computer on my desk. There be结构
否定陈述句
a These aren’t their books.
b They don’t look nice.
c Kate doesn’t go to No. 4 Middle School.
d Kate can’t find her doll.
e There isn’t a cat here. =There’s no cat here.
2. 祈使句
肯定祈使句
a Please go and ask the man.
b Let’s learn English
c Come in; please.
否定祈使句
a Don’t be late.
b Don’t hurry.
3. 疑问句
1 一般疑问句
a Is Jim a student
b Can I help you
c Does she like salad
d Do they watch TV
e Is she reading
肯定回答: a Yes; he is. 否定回答: a No; he isn’t.
b Yes; you can. b No; you can’t.
c Yes; she does. c No; she doesn’t.
d Yes; they do. d No; they don’t.
e Yes; she is. e No; she isn’t.
2 选择疑问句： Is the table big or small 回答： It’s big./
It’s small.
3 特殊疑问句
① 问年龄：
How old is Lucy She is twelve.
② 问种类：
What kind of movies do you like I like action movies and
comedies.
③ 问身体状况：
How is your uncle He is well/fine.
④ 问方式：
How do/can you spell it L-double O-K.
How do we contact you My e-mail address is
⑤ 问原因：
Why do you want to join the club
⑥ 问时间：
What’s the time =What time is it It’s a quarter to
What time do you usually get up; Rick At five o’clock.
When do you want to go Let’s go at 7:00.
⑦ 问地方：
Where’s my backpack It’s under the table.
⑧ 问颜色：
What color are they They are light blue.
What’s your favourite color It’s black.
⑨ 问人物：
Who’s that It’s my sister.
Who is the boy in blue My brother.
Who isn’t at school Peter and Emma.
Who / Whom are Lisa and Tim talking to
⑩ 问东西：
What’s this/that in English It’s a pencil
case.
What else can you see in the picture I can see some
broccoli; strawberries and hamburgers.
错误!问姓名：
What’s your aunt’s name Her name is Helen. /
She’s Helen.
What’s your first name My first name’s Ben.
What’s your family name My family name’s Smith.
错误!问哪一个：
Which do you like I like one in the box.
错误!问字母：
What letter is it It’s big D/small f.
错误!问价格：
How much are these pants They’re 15 dollars.
错误!问电话号码：
What’s your phone number It’s 576-8349.
错误!问谓语动作：
What’s he doing He’s watching TV.
错误! 问职业身份：
What do you do I’m a teacher.
What’s your father He’s a doctor.
三、初一英语语法——时态
1、一般现在时： 表示普遍、经常性的或长期性的动作时使用一般现在时..
系动词：She’s a worker. 肯定陈述句
She isn’t a worker. 否定陈述句
Is she a worker 一般疑问句
情态动词：I can play the piano. 肯定陈述句
I can’t play the piano. 否定陈述句
Can you play the piano 一般疑问句
行为动词：错误!They want to eat some tomatoes. 肯定陈述句
They don’t want to eat any tomatoes.否定陈述句
Do they want to eat any tomatoes 一般疑问句
错误!Gina has a nice watch. 肯定陈述句
Gina doesn’t have a watch. 否定陈述句
Does Gina have a nice watch 一般疑问句
2、现在进行时： 表示动词在此时正在发生或进行就使用进行时态;结构为sb. + be v-ing sth + 其它.
错误!I’m playing baseball. 肯定陈述句
错误!Nancy is
writing a letter.
I’m not playing baseball. 否定陈述句 Nancy isn’t
writing a letter.
Are you playing baseball 一般疑问句 Is Nancy writing a
letter
错误!They’re listening to the pop music.
They aren’t listening to the pop they listening the pop music
1.动词与介词或副词的搭配
add…to 加到……上 agree
with 同意某人
arrive atin 到达 ask
for 询问
begin…with 从……开始 believe in
相信
break into 闯入
break off 打断
break out 爆发
bring down 降低
bring in 引进 bring up
养
build up 建起 burn down
call back 回电话 call for
请
教育;培烧光
要求约
call in 召来 call on 拜访 访问
care for 喜欢 carry on 继续开展
carry out 实行开展 check out 查明
结帐
clear up 整理;收拾
产生
come across 偶然遇见
come to 共计 达到
与……比较
compare to 比作 cut off
date from 始于 depend on
devote to 献于 die out
divide up 分配 dream of
fall off 下降 fall over
feed on 以……为食
于
get through 通过 give in
服
give out 分发 give up
go abroad 出国 go against
发生;出来
compare…with
切断
依靠
灭亡
梦想
跌倒
专心让步;屈放弃
反对
come about
come out
get down to
go on with 继续 go through 浏览
grow up 生长 hand down 传下来
hear about 听说 hold out 伸出
join up 连接起来 keep off 让开;不接近
keep on 继续 lead to 导致
live on 靠……为生 look down upon 看不起
look forward to 盼望 look into 调查
look out 当心 looka round 仔细查看
set off 动身 set up 建立
show off 炫耀 shut up 住口
speed up 加速 stand for 代表;象征
stick to 坚持 suffer from 遭受
talk of 谈论 think of 考虑;想起
try out 试验 turn down 调低
turn off 关掉 worry about 担心
2.介词成语
1英语中有大量成语由介词构成;单是一些常用介词就可构成大量成语：
at:
at a stretch 一连;连续地 at a time 一次;每次
at ease 稍息;安心 at first sight 一见钟情
at first 最初;开始时 at heart 在内心
at home 在家;随便 at last
at least 至少 at length
详细地
at most 至多
时
at peacewar 处于和平战争状态工作
at present 现在;目前 at random
胡乱地
at the risk of 冒…的风险
time 与此同时
at the start 一开头 at the time
此刻;这时
at times 有时候 at will
by:
by accident 偶然 by air
最后
最后;at once 立即;同在玩耍随意地;at the same
任意地
航空
at play work
by all means 想一切办法 by bus plane;
etc 坐巴士飞机等
by chance 偶然 by cheque 用支票
by choice 出于自愿 by daylight 在大白天
by daynight 白天夜间 by force
by mistake 错误地;误把… by turns
by surprise 突然;出其不意 by the way
便说一句
in:
in a sense 从某种意义上说 in additionto
此外除…之外
in advance 事前 in all
in any case event 不管怎样;反正言之
in case 要是;如果 in case of
情况下
in comparison 比较起来 in danger
危险中
in debt 负债 in demand
求
靠武力
轮流
顺总共
简而在…处于有需 in brief
in detail 详细地 in fact 实际上
in general 一般说来 in one’s
opinion 在某人看来
in order to that 以便;为了 in other
words 换句话说
in parts 部分地 in person
in practice 实际上 in
publicprivate 公开私下地
in regard to 关于 in short
之
in the end 最后 in the middle
of 在…中间
in time 及时地;经过一段时间
没有结果
on:
on account of 由于 on behalf of
代表某人
on board 在船飞机上 on condition
在…条件下
on duty 值班 on fire
亲自总白白地;着火
in vain
on foot 步行 on guard 有警惕;值班
on hand 在身边 on holiday 在休假
on purpose 故意地 on sale 在出售
on strike 罢工 on the
contrary 相反
on the way 在路上
on the top of 在…上面
正在逃窜
out of:
out of action 失灵 out of
breath 气喘吁吁
out of control 失去控制
danger 脱离危险
out of doors 在户外 out of
fashion 不时新
out of hand 失去控制
坏了
out of reach 无法得到拿到看不见
on time 准时
on the run
out of
out of order
out of sight
out of temper 发脾气 out of
question 不可能
out of touch with 和…失去联系 out
of tune 走调
out of use 不再使用 out
of work 失业
2有些介词夹在名词之间构成成语：
day after day 日复一日地 year
after year 年复一年
one after another 一个接一个地
by one 一个接一个
little by little 一点一点地
side by side 并肩
step by step 一步步地 face
to face 面对面
arm in arm 手挽手地 hand in
hand 手牵手地
day to day 日常的 day by
day 一天一天地
day before yesterday 前天 day
after tomorrow 后天
heart to heart 互相交心的
one
3还有一些成语包含两个介词：
from beginning to end 从头至尾 from bad to
worse 越来越糟
from time to time 不时地 from head
to foot 浑身
from morning to night 从早到晚 from start
to finish 从头至尾
from door to door 挨门挨户地 from place
to place 到各地
from generation to generation 一代一代地from cover to cover 书面 全部地;从头至尾 4此外;“be+形容词+介词”也是一类成语：
be found of 喜欢 be full of
充满
be interested in 对…有兴趣 be keen
on 热衷于
be confident in 对…有信心 be short
of 缺乏
be sick of 厌恶 be proud of
对…感到骄傲
be loyal to 对…忠诚 be ashamed
of 为…感到羞耻
be worried about 为…担心 be aware
of 意识到
be busy with 忙于某事 be different
from 和…不同
be famous for 因…而出名
