2024年2月16日发(作者：)
介绍西方传统音乐英语作文带翻译
It can be said that the time, place and people have contributed
to the prosperity of Vienna classical music school. So when did the
classical period begin and end? Generally speaking, the death of J.
S. Bach in 1750 marked the end of the Baroque era and the
beginning of the classical period; The death of Beethoven in 1827
marked the end of the classical period. In less than a hundred years,
the classical style became the criterion of art and the yardstick of
aesthetics at that time.
Western classical music is divided into pre classical and Vienna
classical.
Romantic period. After Beethoven, Western classical music
entered the romantic period. Romantic musicians either pay more
attention to the expression of personal emotions (such as Schubert
and Chopin), or are fascinated by the expression of strong drama in
literary works (such as Wagner and richardstrauss). They keep
breaking the rules of classicism just to make people more moved by
the unique content they express. At this time, many music structures
have lost the rigor of the classical period, but they are also more
flexible.
The melody of many music is greatly enhanced, and the
handling of harmony is also changeable. Therefore, most of these
music have more subtle changes in emotional color. Needless to say,
the scope of performance is greatly broadened compared with that
in the classical period. Symphonic poetry is the product of the
romantic period. It was first created by Liszt and carried forward by
richardstraw and others. It is usually related to great literary works
or folk stories. During the romantic period, more free piano music
also appeared. In this regard, the well-known "piano poet" Chopin
and "king of the piano" Liszt and others undoubtedly contributed a
lot. Symphonies that were already perfect in the classical period
have been further developed, and many magnificent works have
appeared, which will be discussed in detail below.
representative figure
There are countless musicians in the romantic period. As an
"Introduction" lecture, I only select a few particularly important
composers here to give you a brief introduction. If you want to know
more composers or more detailed introductions, you can only
wrongly go online (there are many such books in general music
bookstores)!
Chopin
It is estimated that everyone is familiar with Chopin, because
several domestic piano masters like to play Chopin. It is not difficult
to understand that so much ethereal and elegant atmosphere in
Chopin's piano music has something in common with Chinese
culture. Chopin is known as a "piano poet", which anyone who has
heard his music has to admit. He almost only writes for the piano,
so he can give full play to the lyricism of the piano.
As a polish, the national characteristics of his music are also
obvious. His nocturnes, Waltzes, Polonaises, ballads, scherzos, etc.
have long been known to everyone. His 24 preludes are considered
to be the motivation for each capital to develop into a huge
symphony. His two piano concertos with similar styles before the
age of 20 were considered by music critics as seriously neglecting
the performance of the band (like Paganini's Violin Concerto?), But
in terms of the emotional expression of music, it is undoubtedly a
very beautiful work, which appropriately expresses the sweetness
and sadness of youth.
Schumann
Schumann finally got psychotic, and many people call him the
embodiment of romantic spirit. From this, we can also know that it
is not necessarily a good thing to indulge in personal passion. Most
of his music is lyrical, poetic and sometimes intense. He has
composed four symphonies, none of which is as famous as those
mentioned above. Schumann's most frequently mentioned works
are the piano suite scenes of childhood, piano Fantasia in C major,
Carnival and so on. His Piano Concerto in a minor is also a good
work. In addition, Schumann is also a master of art songs, and has
composed a joint song "the poet's love" and so on.
Liszt
As mentioned earlier, it was Liszt who created the genre of
"symphonic poetry", and he himself wrote many symphonic poems,
including Tasso, the prelude showing that "life is just a prelude to
death", majiepa showing the deeds of the hero majiepa, and so on.
Liszt's piano performance is also extraordinary. Some people say
that Liszt failed to give full play to his composing talent in order to
satisfy his vanity as a performer. However, his achievements are
considerable. The 19 highly skilled Hungarian Rhapsody (not to be
confused with Brahms' 21 Hungarian Dances) set a good example
for future generations in terms of playing skills and the
expressiveness of such instruments as the piano. There are also his
two Piano Concertos, Faust Symphony and Dante Symphony, which
can also be called masterpieces.
Schubert
Schubert was undoubtedly a heavyweight in the romantic
period. As we all know, he is the "king of songs" and has made
countless excellent art songs that have a great impact on future
generations. He also wrote nine symphonies (nine more!), The last
two are extraordinary works. The ninth is called the "great
symphony" because of its noble temperament and huge structure.
The eighth is called "unfinished" if it is not finished, but it is a classic
in the symphony treasure house. Its sad and lonely atmosphere and
exquisite inner emotional expression typically show the
characteristics of romantic music. Schubert also performed well in
chamber music. His "Trout Quintet" and "death and the girl" String
Quartet are all warm and moving works, which are also popular in
record making. He also wrote a number of warm and moving piano
sketches, such as moments of music and impromptu.
berlioz
Berlioz first told the story with a symphony. His symphony of
fantasy describes his love fantasy for an actress. He said that these
fantasies were caused by attempted suicide by taking medicine.
There were fields, dances, guillotines and ghosts. It was really fun.
He also used the writing method of "fixed music thinking" for the
first time in this symphony, that is, a theme representing the woman
and its variations are used throughout the whole symphony from
beginning to end, which not only facilitates the story telling, but also
makes the movements of the work obtain a strong unity. His
technique had a great influence on later composers such as Liszt.
Berlioz's other important works include the orchestral Carnival of
Rome and the dramatic Symphony Romeo and Juliet.
Mendelssohn
Mendelssohn is also a short-lived genius. His musical
achievements are not to mention, but for the sake of digging out
Bach, who was unknown at that time. We should also be grateful to
him. Mendelssohn was born in a noble family with a superior life. He
received a good education since childhood and even had his own
symphony orchestra. His music is just like his identity, noble, elegant,
gorgeous, almost no loopholes. Naturally, in such a living
environment, he does not have strong passion. It is estimated that
he has not experienced the feelings of loneliness, sadness and anger
in his lifetime. These are what his music lacks. Therefore, some music
critics say that he is perfect but not profound. His violin concerto is
a rare song of youth, so it can be listed in the "four major
associations" without being weak. His five symphonies are almost
perfect in terms of composition, among which "Scotland" and "Italy"
are the tracks that should not be listened to by musicians. The music
he wrote for the drama a midsummer night's dream also reflects his
musical genius. However, his piano sketch "Songs without words"
series is considered to be no worse than Chopin in terms of lyricism.
可以这么说，天时、地利、人和造就了维也纳古典乐派的兴盛。那么古典主义时期究竟从何时开始算起，又在何时结束呢？一般而言，1750
年J·S·巴赫去世之时标志着巴洛克时代的结束、古典主义时期的开始；而1827年乐圣贝多芬的去世则标志着古典主义时期的结束。在这前后不到一百年的岁月中，古典主义风格成为当时艺术的准则以及审美的标尺。
西方古典音乐分前古典和维也纳古典。
浪漫主义时期。 从贝多芬之后，西方古典音乐就进入了浪漫主义时期。浪漫主义音乐家们要么更侧重于个人情感的抒发（如舒伯特、肖邦），要么着迷于表达文学作品中强烈的戏剧性（如瓦格纳、理查·施特劳斯）。他们不停地打破古典主义的条条框框，只是为了能让人们更易为自己表达的独特内容而感动。此时的不少音乐在结构上已丧失了古典主义时期的严谨，但也更为灵活了。
很多音乐的旋律性大大加强，和声的处理也是变化多端，所以这些音乐大都有了更为细腻的情感色彩的变化，不用说，表现的范围较之古典主义时期也是大大加宽了。交响诗是浪漫主义时期的产物，它由李斯特首创，并由理查·施特劳等人发扬光大，通常与伟大的文学作品或民间故事有关。浪漫主义时期还出现了更为自由的钢琴曲，在这方面，大家熟知的“钢琴诗人”肖邦、“钢琴之王”李斯特等人无疑是功劳巨大。古典主义时期就已经很完善的交响曲又得到了进一步的发展，出现了不少宏伟之作，这一点放到下面再详谈。
代表人物
浪漫主义时期的音乐家可以说是数不胜数。作为“入门”讲座，在这里我只挑几位特别重要的作曲家向大家作一个简要的介绍，假如您还想了解更多的作曲家或更为详细的介绍的话，就只能委屈您自己到网上去找啦（一般的音乐书店里也都有不少此类书籍）！
肖邦
估计大家对肖邦都比较熟悉，因为国产的几位钢琴大师都喜欢弹肖邦。这也不难理解，肖邦的钢琴曲中那么多空灵飘逸的气息本来就和中国文化有几分相通。肖邦被誉为钢琴诗人，这是任何一个听过他的音乐的人都不得不承认的。他几乎只为钢琴写作，故而他能把钢琴的抒情性发挥到极致。
作为一个波兰人，他音乐中的民族特征也是显而易见的。他的夜曲、圆舞曲、波罗乃兹、叙事曲、谐谑曲等都早已为大家熟知，他的二十四首前奏曲被认为是每一首都包含了可以发展为庞大的交响音乐的动机。他二十岁之前作的两首风格相近的钢琴协奏曲被乐评家认为是严重忽略了乐队的表现（像不像帕格尼尼的小提琴协奏曲？），但就从音乐的情感表现来讲，无疑是相当唯美的作品，恰如其分地表现了青春的甜蜜和忧伤。
舒曼
舒曼最后得了精神病，而不少人称他为浪漫主义精神的化身，由此我们也可以知道过于耽溺于个人的激情世界中不一定是好事。他的音乐大多很抒情，很有诗意，有时也会很激烈。他作了四首交响曲，都不如前面提
到的那些有名。舒曼最常被人提到的作品是钢琴组曲《儿时情景》、《C大调钢琴幻想曲》、《狂欢节》等。他的《a小调钢琴协奏曲》也是不错的作品。此外，舒曼也是一位艺术歌曲大师，作有联篇歌曲《诗人之恋》等。
李斯特
前面讲到，是李斯特创立了“交响诗”这种体裁，他自己作了不少交响诗，其中有名的有《塔索》、有表现“人生不过是死亡的前奏曲”的《前奏曲》、表现英雄马捷帕的事迹的《马捷帕》等等。李斯特的钢琴演奏也是超凡脱俗，有人说李斯特为了满足作为一个演奏家的虚荣心而使自己的作曲才华没能得到应有的发挥。不过他的成果也够可观了，十九首技艺超绝的《匈牙利狂想曲》（不要与勃拉姆斯的二十一首《匈牙利舞曲》混淆起来）在演奏技巧和钢琴这种乐器的表现力上都为后世做了一个很好的榜样。还有他的两首钢琴协奏曲、《浮士德交响曲》、《但丁交响曲》等，也可称之为名作。
舒伯特
舒伯特无疑是浪漫主义时期的一个重量级人物。大家都知道他是“歌曲之王”，作了无数对后世影响巨大的优秀艺术歌曲。他还写了九首交响曲（又是九首！），最后两首是不凡之作，第九首因其高贵的气质、庞大的结构被人称之“伟大交响曲”，第八首没写完，就叫“未完成”，但却
是交响曲宝库中的经典，其凄切孤独的氛围、细腻的内心情感表现，典型地表现了浪漫主义音乐的特征。舒伯特在室内乐方面也是表现不俗，他的“鳟鱼五重奏”、“死神与少女”弦乐四重奏等等都是亲切动人之作，也是现在唱片灌制的热门。他还作有不少亲切动人的钢琴小品集，如《音乐的瞬间》、《即兴曲》等。
柏辽兹
柏辽兹则首先用交响曲讲起了故事。他的《幻想交响曲》描述了自己对一个女演员的爱情幻想。他说这些幻想是服药自杀未遂而产生的，里面有田野、有舞会、有断头台、有妖魔鬼怪，真是好玩之至。他还在这部交响曲里首次运用了“固定乐思”的写法，即从头到尾用一个代表那位女子的主题及其变奏贯穿全曲，既方便了讲故事，又使作品各乐章获得了很强的统一性。他的这种手法对后来的李斯特等作曲家影响巨大。柏辽兹的其他重要作品有管弦乐《罗马狂欢节》、戏剧交响曲《罗密欧与朱丽叶》等。
门德尔松
门德尔松也是一位短命的天才，他的音乐成就先不说，就看在他把当时不为人知的巴赫“挖”了出来的份上，我们也应该好好感激他。门德尔松出身高贵，生活优越，从小就受到了良好的教育，甚至还有自己的交响乐团。他的音乐正如他的身份般，高贵，优雅，华美，几乎没什么漏洞。自然，在这样的生活环境下，他没有太强的激情，估计他在有生之年也没
深入体会到过孤单、悲伤、愤怒的感情，这些也正是他的音乐中所缺乏的，所以有乐评家说他完美但不深刻。他的小提琴协奏曲是难得一听的青春之歌，故可以列于“四大小协”中而毫不显弱。他的五首交响曲在构成方面也都近乎完美，其中的“苏格兰”和“意大利”是爱乐者不可不听的曲目。他为戏剧《仲夏夜之梦》写的音乐也体现了他的音乐天才。而他的钢琴小品《无词歌》系列被人认为在抒情性方面并不比肖邦差。
