2024年1月17日发(作者：)
托福听力tpo58 section1 对话讲座原文+题目+答案+译文
Conversation1 ........................................................................................................ 1
原文 ................................................................................................................ 1
题目 ................................................................................................................ 3
答案 ................................................................................................................ 5
译文 ................................................................................................................ 5
Lecture1 ................................................................................................................ 6
原文 ................................................................................................................ 6
题目 ................................................................................................................ 9
答案 .............................................................................................................. 11
译文 .............................................................................................................. 11
Conversation1
原文
NARRATOR: Listen to a conversation between a student and an employee in the
university work-study office.
MALE STUDENT: Hi, I’m, uh, Paul Bensen.
FEMALE EMPLOYEE: Paul Bensen? Oh! That’s a coincidence. The museum director
sent a fax about you…your two-month review, um, your job review.
MALE STUDENT: Oh, OK. I-I guess we can do that first.
FEMALE EMPLOYEE: Alright. Uh, let’s see…overall, you’re doing a good job. I have
to stress that. But the director did note that you invited friends over during working
hours. Instead of greeting visitors and answering questions about the outdoor
sculpture garden, like you were supposed to, you talked with your friends.
MALE STUDENT: It was only that one time. And they just showed up. I-I did not invite
them. I straightened it out with the director.
FEMALE EMPLOYEE: OK. But, of course, you’re still expected to behave professionally,
do your job.
MALE STUDENT: Yeah, I know. But actually, uh, the fact is, I’d really like to work
somewhere else. Maybe in a library, or as a tutor somewhere? I was hoping you
could help. I, uh, I brought my updated résumé.
FEMALE EMPLOYEE: Well, I don’t know—you applied at the museum because you’re a fine-arts major. And you apparently made a very good impression on the
museum director at your interview. You asked good questions about the sculptures
and took notes, it says here. That’s why they hired you and why they were willing to
pay you. Museums normally use volunteers, you know.
MALE STUDENT: I did enjoy learning about the sculptures.
FEMALE EMPLOYEE: Good, and your job is to share that information with the public.
MALE STUDENT: Yeah, I know. But I’m always worried I’ll give out wrong information.
And if I can’t answer a question, it’s embarrassing, you know?
FEMALE EMPLOYEE: So the problem is the public nature of your work?
MALE STUDENT: Yeah. I didn’t realize how uncomfortable I’d feel doing this. I
applied there because I’d like to be a museum curator someday.
FEMALE EMPLOYEE: Well, there are museum jobs that don’t involve interacting with
the public. You know, working behind the scenes. You could help set up exhibits,
document new acquisitions, maybe work as an assistant in the curator’s office. It
wouldn’t hurt to ask about other opportunities there.
MALE STUDENT: Would you call and ask if I could, like you said, work with the curator?
I’ve only met her a couple times, but she…
FEMALE EMPLOYEE: You know, I think you should call. Tell the curator what you told
me, and ask if they could use any help.
MALE STUDENT: What if she says no?
FEMALE EMPLOYEE: Well, you could still ask for information that might help you in
the future, like what courses you should take and what kind of work experience is
necessary to become a curator.
MALE STUDENT: Yeah, that would definitely help. But then would you be willing to
help me find a job somewhere else?
FEMALE EMPLOYEE: I suppose, if it came to that. But you know, if you just educated
yourself more about the sculpture garden, then you’d gain more confidence—and
maybe enjoy your current job more.
MALE STUDENT: Yeah, I guess you’re right.
题目
does the student go to the work-study office?
A. To talk about what he would like to do after graduation
B. To receive feedback on his performance at work
C. To ask for advice about finding a new job
D. To learn what courses best match his career goals
information was included in the report from the museum director?
A. The student spoke with friends when he should have been helping visitors.
B. The student did not give accurate information to museum visitors.
C. The student arrived late to work on one occasion.
D. The student requested a job in a different part of the museum.
is the student’s main concern about his job?
A. He does not like working outdoors.
B. He is not confident interacting with museum visitors.
C. He does not have enough time to spend on academic studies.
D. He is not interested in the sculptures at the museum.
does the woman suggest that the student call the curator’s office?[Click on 2
answers.]
A. To find out if he can work there
B. To get more information about the sculpture garden
C. To apologize for causing a problem at the museum
D. To learn what background he will need to become a curator
does the woman imply when she says this?
A. The student does not understand that the museum’s rules are less strict for
volunteers.
B. The student should work more closely with volunteers in the sculpture garden.
C. The museum should hire more work-study students.
D. The student does not appreciate his job.
答案
C A B AD D
译文
旁白：在大学勤工俭学办公室，听一个学生和一个员工之间的对话。
男学生：嗨，我是保罗·本森。
女职工：保罗·本森？哦！真是巧合。博物馆馆长发了一份关于你的传真…你两个月的回顾，嗯，你的工作评估。
男学生：哦，好吧。我想我们可以先做。
女职工：好吧，让我看看……总的来说，你做得很好。我得强调一下。但是主任注意到你在工作时间邀请朋友过来。你没有像你应该做的那样，和游客打招呼，回答关于室外雕塑花园的问题，而是和你的朋友交谈。
男学生：只有一次。他们就出现了。我-我没有邀请他们。我和主任谈过了。
女职工：好啊。但是，当然，你仍然需要表现得专业，做好你的工作。
男学生：是的，我知道。但事实上，我真的很想去别的地方工作。也许是在图书馆，或是当家教？我希望你能帮忙，我带了我最新的简历。
女职工：我不知道你申请博物馆是因为你主修美术。你在采访中给博物馆馆长留下了很好的印象。你问了很多关于雕塑的好问题并做了笔记，上面写着。这就是为什么他们雇用你，为什么他们愿意付钱给你。博物馆通常使用志愿者，你知道的。
男学生：我很喜欢学习雕塑。
女职工：很好，你的工作就是和公众分享这些信息。
男学生：是的，我知道。但我总是担心我会泄露错误的信息。如果我不能回答一
个问题，那就很尴尬，你知道吗？
女职工：所以问题是你工作的公开性？
男学生：是啊。我没有意识到这样做会有多不舒服。我申请那里是因为我想有一天成为博物馆馆长。
女职工：嗯，有些博物馆的工作不涉及与公众互动。你知道，在幕后工作。你可以帮忙布置展品，记录新的收购，或者在馆长办公室做助理。问问在那里的其他机会也没什么坏处。
男学生：你能打电话问我能不能像你说的那样，和馆长合作？我只见过她几次，但她…
女职工：你知道，我觉得你应该打电话。把你告诉我的告诉馆长，问问他们是否需要帮助。
男学生：如果她说不呢？
女职工：好吧，你还是可以问一些对你将来有帮助的信息，比如你应该修什么课程，什么样的工作经验是成为馆长所必需的。
男学生：是啊，那肯定会有帮助的。那你愿意帮我在别的地方找份工作吗？
女职工：我想，如果是那样的话。但你要知道，如果你多了解一下雕塑花园，你会获得更多的自信，也许会更喜欢现在的工作。
男学生：是的，我想你是对的。
Lecture1
原文
NARRATOR: Listen to part of a lecture in a biology class.
FEMALE PROFESSOR: So, those are some of the common theories on bird migration.
Now let’s talk about “homing.” Homing is more than just the return flight home from
migratory trips—homing can take place at any time and from any location. It’s the
ability that some birds have of finding their way back to an exact location regardless
of their starting point… or how far away they are… or the time of year… and so on.
You’ve all heard of homing pigeons but there are lots of bird species that have highly
refined homing skills so maybe there’s some evolutionary advantage. Why would
birds be so good at this? Todd?
MALE STUDENT: Well, baby birds stay in the nest while the parents go out and hunt
for food. If the parents have to fly all over the place to find the food, they’d need to
be able to find the nest again.
FEMALE PROFESSOR: And once you’d found food you’d want to get home quickly,
wouldn’t you? To feed your young? So you’d want the most direct path home—you
wouldn’t want to retrace whatever winding, meandering path you’d taken while you
were searching for food. Being able to fly home directly is very efficient: the offspring
get food faster and their parents are home sooner to look out for them.
MALE STUDENT: But, it isn’t just the offspring that benefit—the adult birds get back
to a safe place sooner as well.
FEMALE PROFESSOR: Right. Now, what about finding your way home after going
south for the winter?
FEMALE STUDENT: Well, it’d be nice if you could go back to a place you knew was OK.
Ya’know, one that’s got water or food… Not too many predators. Some place where
you might even still have a nest.
FEMALE PROFESSOR: Good. Now, so far, we’ve been talking about times when birds
intentionally—or, at least instinctively—leave home, but are there other reasons why
a bird might find itself away from its nest?
FEMALE STUDENT: Birds are vulnerable to really strong winds. Storms could blow
them pretty far off course.
FEMALE PROFESSOR: But finding your way back to your nest when you’ve been
accidentally displaced is a little different from getting home after your annual
migration to a warmer climate. So, do you think all those mechanisms we discussed…
that birds use when migrating… apply to homing as well?
FEMALE STUDENT: I think so. I mean we talked about using the Sun and the stars as
navigational guides—and that would certainly be helpful for homing. And so would
that ability to sense Earth’s magnetic poles—the one in the studies you described
about the, uh, internal magnetic compass birds have. Yeah, it should be the same.
FEMALE PROFESSOR: OK, so celestial bodies make good navigational aids. Anything
else?
MALE STUDENT: Well, for short distances, you could just memorize the area. Use
landmarks. Like, when my friend tells me to turn left after I see the post office to get
to his house.
FEMALE PROFESSOR: So, when birds are out searching for food, they can memorize
landmarks. Mountains, rivers… who knows, maybe even the post office. Studies of
gannets have shown that this is one way they navigate. Gannets are seabirds so
when they wind up in an unfamiliar location over land, they fly in outward spirals
until they reach the coast. Then they use the coastline to find their way home.
Of course, when we say that birds “memorize” their terrain—that may not be
accurate. It’s not always a good idea to use human analogies when trying to
understand animal behavior—particularly when it comes to navigation which we, as
a species, are spectacularly bad at. I mean, even with maps, how often do we get lost?
But, with birds, they’re actually overengineered to be good at navigation. Just think
about all those tools we’ve discussed—celestial bodies, magnetic fields,
landmarks—they’ve got a lot of sensory cues at their disposal. But how do they use
them? For example: do birds use one navigational cue at a time… Like being guided
by stars when the sky is clear and using magnetic fields when it’s cloudy? Or, do they
use all these tools simultaneously—calibrating their location from multiple cues at
the same time? Does the answer depend on the particular species? This is a really
rich subject for research… In fact, let’s talk about how you might go about designing
some experiments to answer these questions. Keeping in mind, as I said, that your
personal experiences won’t be of much use as you try to come up with hypotheses to
test.
题目
does the professor mainly discuss in the lecture?[Click on 2 answers.]
A. Some ways birds benefit by having homing abilities
B. Several ways that birds improve their homing abilities
C. Some navigational tools that birds use in migration and homing
D. Several research studies that measure migration and homing abilities in birds
ing to the professor, what are three ways in which homing behavior is
different from migration behavior in birds?[Click on 3 answers.]
A. Homing is not a seasonal activity.
B. Homing does not always involve long distances.
C. Homing behavior is learned rather than instinctive.
D. Homing abilities allow birds to deal with unexpected situations.
E. Homing requires the use of different navigational tools than does migration.
ing to the professor, birds often take a different route when they leave the
nest to hunt for food than they do when they return to the nest. What is one reason
for this behavior?
A. Birds use the return flight to teach their young homing skills.
B. Birds want to complete the return trip as quickly as possible.
C. By taking different routes, birds have access to more food sources.
D. By taking different routes, birds avoid predators that may try to follow them.
does the professor mention a study with gannets?
A. To identify a bird species that does not migrate long distances
B. To explain that some birds fly in spiral patterns until they locate food sources
C. To illustrate differences in behavior between coastal and mountain bird species
D. To demonstrate that some birds use distinctive features of the landscape as a
navigation tool
does the professor imply about the design of research experiments that the
students might conduct on bird navigation?
A. Well-designed research studies help to explain human as well as bird navigational
abilities.
B. Past research studies were mistakenly designed to study only one navigational skill
at a time.
C. Students need to be careful to avoid designing experiments that are based on
faulty assumptions.
D. Students should try to design experiments that challenge traditional theories
about birds’ navigational abilities.
does the student say this?
FEMALE STUDENT: I think so. I mean we talked about using the Sun and the stars as
navigational guides—and that would certainly be helpful for homing. And so would
that ability to sense Earth’s magnetic poles—the one in the studies you described
about the, uh, internal magnetic compass birds have. Yeah, it should be the same.
A. To establish a connection between two scientific studies
B. To point out that the professor mentioned these details in a previous class
C. To indicate she is confident that her initial response was correct
D. To show that she agrees with the professor’s interpretation of a theory
答案
AC ABD B D C C
译文
旁白：在生物课上听一节课的部分内容。
女教授：所以，这些是关于鸟类迁徙的一些常见理论。现在让我们来谈谈“归巢”。归巢不仅仅是返航飞行，归航可以在任何时间从任何地点发生。这是一些鸟类所具有的一种能力，无论它们的出发点是什么，距离有多远……或是一年中的某个时间……等等，都能找到自己的归宿。你们都听说过信鸽，但有很多鸟类都有非常精细的归巢技能，所以也许有一些进化上的优势。为什么鸟会这么擅长这个？托德？
男学生：好吧，小鸟宝宝呆在巢里，父母出去觅食。如果父母必须飞遍整个地方寻找食物，他们需要能够再次找到巢穴。
女教授：一旦你找到食物，你会想快点回家的，不是吗？喂你的孩子？所以你会想要一条最直接的回家的路，你不会想回到你在寻找食物时走过的蜿蜒曲折的路。能够直接飞回家是非常有效率的：后代得到食物的速度更快，父母也更快地回家照顾他们。
男学生：但是，不仅仅是后代有利于成年鸟类更快地回到安全的地方。
女教授：正确的。现在，去南方过冬后找回家的路怎么样？
女学生：如果你能回到一个你认为可以的地方就好了。你知道的，一个有水或食物的…没有太多的捕食者。在某个地方你甚至还可能有个窝。
女教授：很好。现在，到目前为止，我们一直在谈论鸟类有意或至少本能地离开家的时候，但是有没有其他原因可以解释为什么一只鸟会发现自己离开了自己的巢？
女学生：鸟类很容易受到强风的侵袭。暴风雨会把它们吹得偏离航道很远。
女教授：但是，当你不小心被转移到你的巢穴时，找到回家的路与你每年迁徙到温暖气候后回家有点不同。那么，你认为我们讨论过的鸟类迁徙时使用的机制也适用于归巢吗？
女学生：我认为是这样。我的意思是，我们讨论过用太阳和恒星作为导航向导，这对归航肯定有帮助。你所描述的鸟类内部磁罗盘的研究中提到的那种感知地球磁极的能力也是如此。是的，应该是一样的。
女教授：好吧，所以天体是很好的导航设备。还有别的吗？
男学生：好吧，在短距离内，你可以记住这个区域。使用地标。比如，当我的朋友告诉我在我看到邮局后左转去他家。
女教授：所以，当鸟儿外出觅食时，它们可以记住地标。山，河…谁知道，甚至邮局。对塘鹅的研究表明，这是它们导航的一种方式。塘鹅是海鸟，所以当它们在陆地上一个不熟悉的地方停下来时，它们会向外螺旋飞行直到到达海岸。然后他们利用海岸线找到回家的路。
当然，当我们说鸟类“记住”它们的地形时，可能并不准确。在试图理解动物行
为时，使用人类的类比并不总是一个好主意，尤其是当涉及到我们作为一个物种，非常不擅长的导航时。我是说，即使有地图，我们多久会迷路？但实际上它们太过擅长航海了。想想我们讨论过的天体，磁场，地标，它们有很多感官线索可供使用。但是他们如何使用它们呢？例如：鸟类一次只使用一个导航提示……比如天空晴朗时由星星引导，阴天时使用磁场？或者，他们是否同时使用所有这些工具，同时根据多个线索校准自己的位置？答案取决于特定的物种吗？这是一个非常丰富的研究课题…事实上，让我们来谈谈如何设计一些实验来回答这些问题。请记住，正如我所说，当你试图提出假设来进行检验时，你的个人经历不会有多大用处。
