2024年1月11日发(作者：)
书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！ 住在富人区的她
2022年考研考博-考博英语-新疆大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）
一.综合题(共15题)
1.
单选题
If a star seems to be moving in a wavy line,（ ）of being a double star.
问题1选项
suspect
we suspect
suspect it
suspicion
【答案】C
【解析】语法题。分析题干可知，空格前面是if引导的条件状语从句，空格这句为主句，因此排除B项跟D项。suspect怀疑，猜想（怀疑某事是否存在/某人有错/某事物的真实性或可靠程度，但对所疑心的事情往往又缺乏或没有证据；其后除用名词、代词外，还用不定式复合结构、从句，有时可用of短语作复合结构），因此C项正确。句意：如果一颗恒星似乎在波浪线中移动，我们怀疑它是一颗双星。
2.
y
【答案】B
【解析】考查副词辨析。A选项rudely“无礼地”；B选项endlessly“不断地”；C选项loudly“大声地”；D选项noisily“吵闹地”。句意：讲座过程中，两个女生在滔滔不绝地讲话，我们都很烦。划线部分incessantly是不停地意思。因此B选项正确。
3.
单选题
We were all annoyed by the two girls who talked incessantly during the lecture.
问题1选项
sly
单选题
Firstborn children in a family seem to have a stronger desire to succeed（ ）.
问题1选项
do later-born children
later-born-children do
children born later
later-born children do
【答案】A
【解析】考查句型结构辨析。do later-born从句等于later-born children seem to have a strong
desire to succeed。简化使句子简洁流畅，因为从句主语长，故do在前。句意：一个家庭中第一个孩子似乎有更强烈的成功愿望……。结合句意可知，A选项符合题意。因此答案为A选项。
4.
单选题
（ ）authorities allow about one ton to each foot of length.
问题1选项
calculate the weight of an average adult whale
书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！ 住在富人区的她
calculate the weight of an average adult whale
the calculation the weight of an average adult whale
though they calculate the weight of an average adult whale
【答案】A
【解析】考查句型结构辨析。A选项“To calculate the weight of an average adult whale”（来计算一头普通成年鲸鱼的重量），表示因果关系，符合句型结构，因此A选项正确。B选项“They calculate
the weight of an average adult whale”（他们计算了一头普通成年鲸鱼的重量），they代指前面的内容，因此可排除。C选项“In the calculation the weight of an average adult whale”（在计算一头普通成年鲸的重量时），不符合题意，可排除。D选项与B选项同理。句意：……当局允许每英尺长约一吨。因此答案为A选项。
5.
6.
单选题
The amount of gravitational attraction between two objects depends on the mass of the objects
and（ ）between them.
问题1选项
is the distance
distance is
distance
distance what is
【答案】C
【解析】考查连词。and并列意义相关、层次相同、句法功能相同的语法结构，此处空格是和and前的the
objects并列，因此C选项正确。
单选题
Rotation refers to the turning of the earth,（ ）to the movement around the sun.
问题1选项
s revolution
tion refers
revolution
revolution referring
【答案】C
【解析】考查句型结构辨析。A选项besides revolution“除了公转”；B选项revolution refers“公转”；C选项and revolution“公转”；D选项while revolution referring“同时公转意味着”。句意：自转是指地球的转动，……是指围绕太阳的运动。A选项句子不通顺，B选项句子缺少结构，D选项需要加is，根据句意可知C选项正确。
7.
单选题
Racial violence erupted throughout the United States（ ）Martin Luther King, Jr. was
assassinated in April, 1968.
问题1选项
time that
书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！ 住在富人区的她
【答案】A
【解析】考查时间状语从句。A选项when引导时间状语从句，意为“当……时候”；B选项during“在……期间”不能引导时间状语从句，可排除。C选项each time that“每当”，不能引导时间状语从句，可排除。D选项then“然后”，表示时间承接，也可排除。句意：种族暴力事件在美国各地爆发……马丁•路德•金于1968年4月被暗杀。因此答案为A选项。
8.
不定项选择题
Desertification is the degradation of once-productive land into unproductive or poorly
productive land. Since the first great urban-agricultural centers in Mesopotamia nearly 6,000
years ago, human activity has had a destructive impact on soil quality, leading to gradual
desertification in virtually every area of the world.
It is a common misconception that desertification is caused by droughts. Although drought
does make land more vulnerable, well-managed land can survive droughts and recover, even in
arid regions. Another mistaken belief is that the process occurs only along the edges of
deserts. In fact, it may take place in any arid or semiarid region, especially where poor
land management is practiced. Most vulnerable, however, are the transitional zones between
deserts and arable land; wherever human activity leads to land abuse in fragile marginal
areas, soil destruction is inevitable.
[A] Agriculture and overgrazing are the two major sources of desertification. [B] Large-scale
farming requires extensive irrigation, which ultimately destroys land by depleting its
nutrients and leaching minerals into the topsoil. [C] Grazing is especially destructive to
land because, in addition to depleting cover vegetation, herds of grazing mammals also trample
the fine organic particles of the topsoil, leading to soil compaction and erosion. [D] It
takes about 500 years for the earth to build up 3 centimeters of topsoil. However, cattle
ranching and agriculture can deplete as much as 2 to 3 centimeters of topsoil every 25 years—60 to 80 times faster than it can be replaced by nature.
Salination is a type of land degradation that involves an increase in the salt content of
the soil. This usually occurs as a result of improper irrigation practices. The great
Mesopotamian empires—Sumer, Akkad and Babylon—were built on the surplus of the enormously
productive soil of the ancient Tigris-Euphrates alluvial plain. After nearly a thousand years
of intensive cultivation, land quality was in evident decline. In response, around 2800 BC
the Sumerians began digging the huge Tigris-Euphrates canal system to irrigate the exhausted
soil. A temporary gain in crop yield was achieved in this way, but over-irrigation was to
have serious and unforeseen consequences. From as early as 2400 BC we find Sumerian documents
referring to salinization as a soil problem is believed that the fall of the Akkadian Empire
around 2150 BC may have been due to a catastrophic failure in land productivity; the soil
was literally turned into salt. Even today, four thousand years later, vast tracts of
salinized land between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers still resemble rock-hard fields of
snow.
Soil erosion is another form of desertification. It is a self-reinforcing process; once the
cycle of degradation begins, conditions are set for continual deterioration. As the vegetative
cover begins to disappear, soil becomes more vulnerable to raindrop impact. Water runs off
instead of soaking in to provide moisture for plants. This further diminishes plant cover by
leaching away nutrients from the soil. As soil quality declines and runoff is increased,
floods become more frequent and more severe. Flooding washes away topsoil, the thin, rich,
uppermost layer of the earth’s soil, and leaves finer underlying particles more vulnerable
to wind erosion. Topsoil contains the earth's greatest concentration of organic matter and
microorganisms, and is where most of the earth's land-based biological activity occurs.
Without this fragile coat of nutrient-laden material, plant life cannot exist. An extreme
case of its erosion is found in the Sahel, a transitional zone between the Sahara Desert and
the tropical African rain forests; home to some 56 million people. Overpopulation and
overgrazing have opened the hyper-arid land to wind erosion, which is stripping away the
protective margin of the Sahel, and causing the desert to grow at an alarming rate. Between
1950 and 1975, the Sahara Desert spread 100 kilometers southward through the Sahel.
One-third of the earth’s land area of 150 million square kilometers is already classified
as semiarid, arid or hyper-arid. It is estimated that is increasing by 215,000 square
kilometers of land rendered unproductive by desertification every year. In America,
salinization affects over 160,000 square kilometers of land in western and mid-western states,
and is worsening annually. Africa loses 300 to 400 million tons of topsoil a year with the
spreading of the desert. As a billion people are added to the world’s population every
decade, there is less and less arable land to provide food for them. At the present rate of
soil deterioration, ecologist warn, another quarter of the earth’s productive soil will
disappear within the next century.
14. Which of the following statements is true about desertification?
15. The word degradation in the passage is closest in meaning to（ ）.
16. According to the passage, many people’s understanding of desertification is incorrect
because（ ）.
17. Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted
sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out
essential information.
18. According to the passage, agriculture furthers desertification through which of the
following activities?
19. Paragraph 4 of the passage serves mainly to do which of the following?
20. The word leaching in the passage is closest in meaning to（ ）.
21. It can be inferred from paragraph 6 of the passage that（ ）.
22. Look at the four squares marked A, B, C, and D that indicate where the following sentence
could be added to the passage.
Each furthers the process dramatically, but they act in quite different ways.
Where would the sentence best fit (A, B, C or D)?
问题1选项
书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！ 住在富人区的她
is a fairly recent problem.
t societies managed the problem well.
has a history as long as that of civilization.
was just as serious in the past as it is today.
问题2选项
nation
oration
ption
bution
问题3选项
do not think of it as a serious problem
do not see it as being caused by human activity
think of it as a very slow process
see it as being reversible
问题4选项
is the areas that exist between the deserts and the land that is usable for agriculture
that are most at risk because they are susceptible to poor land management methods from human
activity which will always result in the loss of soil.
of the vulnerable areas are in transition from desert to arable land; a process that
because of human activity and the delicate nature of these areas, always leads to soil loss.
loss in the transitional zones is especially severe where human activity is damaging
the environment through agriculture which is causing the loss of soil.
activity in the transition areas is vulnerable because of the fragile nature of these
areas that are neither desert not arable land because they have suffered damage to the soil.
问题5选项
fertilization.
stripping away of native vegetation.
tion.
repetitive planting of the same crops.
问题6选项
e a method for dealing with the desertification problem.
the progress of desertification down through history.
be the main cause of desertification in one particular area.
be one process that leads to desertification.
问题7选项
g
ting
trating
sing
问题8选项
书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！ 住在富人区的她
technology will solve the problem of desertification
g a way to stop desertification will become increasingly urgent
ification is more of a problem in developed countries
ification is causing starvation in Africa.
问题9选项
A.A
B.B
C.C
D.D
【答案】第1题:C
第2题:B
第3题:B
第4题:A
第5题:C
第6题:D
第7题:A
第8题:B
第9题:B
【解析】14.【试题答案】C
【试题解析】客观细节题。由题干可以定位到文章第一段第二句Since the first great urban-agricultural centers in Mesopotamia nearly 6,000 years ago, human activity has had a
destructive impact on soil quality, leading to gradual desertification in virtually every
area of the world.（自从近6000年前美索不达米亚出现了第一个伟大的城市——农业中心以来，人类活动对土壤质量产生了破坏性的影响，导致世界上几乎所有地区逐渐沙漠化。），说明沙漠化现象早在数千年前就已经存在。因此C选项“它的历史与文明的历史一样长”正确。A选项“它是一个相当新的问题”，由原文可知，沙漠化是一个很古老的问题，所以A错误。B选项“古代社会对这个问题处理得很好”，原文没有提到古代社会对沙漠化的处理情况，所以B错误。D选项“它在过去和今天一样严重”，原文没有将当时问题的严重性和今天的状况相比较，所以D错误。
15.【试题答案】B
【试题解析】词义推测题。由题干关键词“degradation”可以定位到文章第四段第一句Salination is
a type of land degradation that involves an increase in the salt content of the soil.（盐碱化是土地退化的一种类型，涉及到土壤盐分含量的增加。），说明“degradation”在文中指的是“退化，下降”的意思。因此B选项“恶化”正确。A选项“恢复活力”，C选项“消耗”，D选项“贡献”均不
符合题意，所以A，C，D错误。
16.【试题答案】B
【试题解析】推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章第二段第一句It is a common misconception that
desertification is caused by droughts.（认为沙漠化是干旱造成的是一种普遍的误解。），说明沙漠化现象是因为干旱造成的是一种错误观念，其实是和人类的活动有关的。因此B选项“他们不认为它是由人类活动引起的”正确。A选项“他们不认为它是一个严重的问题”。C选项“他们认为它是一个非常缓慢的过程”，D选项“他们认为它是可逆的”在文中均没有提及，所以A，C，D错误。
17.【试题答案】A
【试题解析】推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章第二段最后一句Most vulnerable, however, are the
transitional zones between deserts and arable land; wherever human activity leads to land
abuse in fragile marginal areas, soil destruction is inevitable.（然而，最脆弱的是沙漠和耕地之间的过渡地带；凡人类活动导致脆弱边缘地区土地滥用的地方，土壤破坏是不可避免的。），说明最容易受害的就是位于沙漠和已开垦耕地之间的过渡地区，只要人类活动在这些脆弱的边缘区域，过度滥用土地，那么土壤的破坏在所难免。因此A选项“存在于沙漠和可用于农业的土地之间的地区才是风险最大的，因为它们很容易受到人类活动的不良土地管理方法的影响，而这种影响总是会导致土壤的流失。”正确。B选项“大多数脆弱地区正从沙漠向耕地过渡；由于人类活动和这些地区的脆弱性，这一过程总是导致土壤流失。”，原文说的不是沙漠向耕地过渡的过程，所以B错误。C选项“过渡区的土壤流失尤为严重，人类活动正在通过农业破坏环境，导致土壤流失。”，原文没有提到农业活动，所以C错误。D选项“由于这些地区的脆弱性，它们既不是沙漠也不是耕地，因为它们已经破坏了土壤，因此人类在过渡地区的活动是脆弱的。”，原文说的不是人类活动很脆弱，所以D错误。
18.【试题答案】C
【试题解析】客观细节题。由题干可以定位到文章第三段第二句Large-scale farming requires
extensive irrigation, which ultimately destroys land by depleting its nutrients and leaching
minerals into the topsoil.（大规模的农业需要大量的灌溉，这最终会耗尽土地的养分，并使矿物质渗入表层土壤，从而破坏土地。），说明灌溉会对土地造成不好的影响，加剧沙漠化。因此C选项“灌溉”正确。A选项“过度施肥”，B选项“剥去本地植被”，D选项“重复种植相同的农作物”在文中均没有提及，所以A，B，D错误。
19.【试题答案】D
【试题解析】推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章第四段，第四段主要说明土壤盐碱化现象，但是并非针对某一特定区域。而盐碱化现象也是造成沙漠化的原因。因此D选项“描述导致沙漠化的一个过程”正确。A选项“提出处理沙漠化问题的方法”，B选项“展示历史上沙漠化的进展”，C选项“描述一个特定地区的沙漠化的主要原因”均不符合原文内容，所以A，B，C错误。
20.【试题答案】A
【试题解析】词义推测题。由题干关键词“leaching”可以定位到文章第五段第五句This further
diminishes plant cover by leaching away nutrients from the soil.（这进一步减少了植物覆盖，因为土壤中的养分流失了。），说明“leaching”在文中指的是“养分流失”的意思。因此A选项“洗涤”正确。B选项“沉积”，C选项“浓缩”，D选项“分散”均不符合题意，所以B，C，D错误。
21.【试题答案】B
【试题解析】推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章第六段，第六段强凋了沙漠化现象已经发展到何种程度，以及目前继续恶化的速度，还预言了如果按照这样的情况发展下去将会带来的结果。说明必须尽快找出解决问题的方法，否则后果将不堪设想。因此B选项“找到阻止沙漠化的方法将变得越来越紧迫”正确。A选项“新技术将解决沙漠化的问题”，C选项“沙漠化在发达国家是一个更大的问题”，D选项“沙漠化在非洲造成了饥荒”在文中均没有提及，所以A，C，D错误。
22.【试题答案】B
【试题解析】推理判断题。题干中的句子Each furthers the process dramatically, but they act in
书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！ 住在富人区的她
quite different ways.（每个都极大地促进了这一进程，但它们的影响方式却截然不同。）是对造成沙漠化现象的两种过程做出进一步的诠释，B处前文说农业和过度放牧是沙漠化的两个主要来源，后文分别介绍了这两种方式对沙漠化的影响。因此该句放在B处最合适。
9.
is said
【答案】D
【解析】考查形式主语从句。it+be+形容词、名词或者过去分词+从句，it指代的具体内容是从句。A，C选项代入题干不能构成一个完整的句子；B选项they的内容指代不明，因此D选项正确。
11.
单选题
To be（ ）with you, I think you’re making a dreadful mistake by refusing to cooperate.
问题1选项
ent
【答案】A
【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项candid“坦白的”；B选项pertinent“相关的”；C选项mild“温和的”；D选项vivid“生动的”。句意：坦率地说，我认为你拒绝合作是犯了一个可怕的错误。本句表示坦白说。因此A选项正确。
10.
单选题
The stationer has not yet delivered the yellow paper, but when（ ）I will give you some.
问题1选项
do
will
does
will
【答案】C
【解析】考查时态辨析。句意：文具店还没有给你黄色的纸，但是……的时候我会给你一些。根据句意，可推测是一般现在时，因此排除B，D选项，选项A是they，不能指代stationer，因此选项C为正确答案。
12.
单选题
（ ）that it might be easier to prepare a better map of the moon than of the earth.
问题1选项
say
say
saying
单选题
For a good week, both sides have been seeking an equitable solution to this dispute.
问题1选项
ial
书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！ 住在富人区的她
ial
ed
【答案】B
【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项potential“潜在的”；B选项impartial“公平的”；C选项balanced“平衡的”；D选项uneven“不均匀的”。句意：一个星期以来，双方一直在寻求公平解决这一争端。划线部分equitable是公平的意思。因此B选项正确。
13.
单选题
Betty was concerned that her great social popularity（ ）a discouraging effect on the man she
wanted to marry.
问题1选项
be
been
be
have
【答案】C
【解析】考查虚拟语气。结合选项与题干可知本题考查的是虚拟语气。句意：贝蒂担心她巨大的社会声望……对她想要嫁的男人会产生令人沮丧的影响。根据句意可推测，她的巨大声望可能会产生某种影响，可知C选项正确。
14.
问题1选项
taught
been taught
taught
【答案】D
【解析】考查时态和被动语态。句意：帕特里克•亨利出生于1736年，由受过高级机械培训的父亲教导。此处应用被动语态，排除A，C。本句表示过去发生的事，不表示和现在的关系，不用现在完成时，排除B。因此D选项正确。
15.
单选题
Patrick Henry, born in 1736,（ ）by his father, who had advanced training in mechanics.
单选题
Francis Ford Coppola, who conceived, co-authored, and（ ）Godfather II, is one of America’s
most talented filmmakers.
问题1选项
or of
ed
directed
ing
【答案】B
【解析】考查主谓一致。通读题干和选项，根据and前conceived, co-authored可知and后应当填入与之词性相近的词。句意：弗朗西斯•福特•科波拉（Francis Ford Coppola）是美国最有才华的电影制作人之一，他构想、合作……创作了《教父2》（Godfather II）。结合句意，B选项“指导”符合题意，因此答案为B选项。
书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！ 住在富人区的她
