2023年12月22日发(作者：)
美国的酒文化（American Wine Culture）
The consumption and appreciation of wine among Americans has gradually
given rise to a distinctively Americans wine culture. American wine
enthusiasts employ their own language, advocate their own behavioral
codes and engage in ceremonies or festivals that celebrate the fine things in
life.
美国人饮酒和品酒的习俗已逐渐成为一种独特的酒文化。美国酒迷们使用他们自己的语言，提倡他们自己的行为准则，并且举行庆典或举办酒节来庆祝生活中美好的事情。
One typical example of the emergence of a wine culture in the US is the fact that
wine festivals have sprung up from coast to coast. What is distinctive to
American wine festivals is that they appear in locations (e.g. New York City;
Aspen, Colorado; and Longboat Key, Florida) and on dates having nothing
to do with wine production. Most wine festivals are targeted at the wealthy
and consist of hours of lectures, seminars and structured "blind tastings"
whereby participants build skills at identifying wines by smell, coloration,
and taste.
美国酒文化出现的一种典型现象是酒节如雨后春笋般在全国各地出现。美国酒节最显著的特点是：举行的地点（如纽约市、科罗拉多的阿斯彭和佛罗里达的朗博阿特基等）和时间都与酒的生产毫无关系。多数酒节是为有钱人举办的。酒节的内容包括几小时的讲座、讨论会及有组织的"品味猜酒"活动。通过这些活动，参加者用嗅味、看色、品尝等方法来掌握识别酒的技巧.
Various terms and phrases have emerged to denote the typical sensory
experiences that are basic to the induction into American wine culture. For
example, when wine tasters accentuate their appreciation of the visual
appearance of a wine, they use such words as "straw-coloured, cloudy,
casting amber" etc. To describe the olfactory properties of a wine, they use
"fig and dough aromas, cherry and courant bouquet, rich on the nose" etc.
When they express the oral sensations of a wine, they say it is "very
restrained but broad and soft on the palate; lean and citric but with depth to
the flavors and subtle texture that carries the flavor through to an
impressively long finish, smooth and harmonious with a crisp acidity and
long on the finish," There are numerous other expressions of American wine
culture. The "wine talk "has gained more and more popularity among the
American people. And American wine culture has drawn more and more
attention in America.
美国酒文化出现了许多术语和短语，用来表达作为美国酒文化入门知识的各种品酒体验。例如，品酒人在强调他们对酒色的评价时会使用诸如："稻草色的、浑浊的、琥珀色的"，等等词语。在描述一种酒的气味特点的，他们说；"无花果香兼有生面团味、樱桃香兼育库兰特味、纯正醇厚"等等。在描述酒的口感时，他们说"不太强，但上腭感觉宽广，柔软；淡里透酸，但味道有深度，且质地醇厚，饮后令人回味无穷；平滑适度，有清新的酸度和无穷的回味。"美国酒文化还有许多其他的说法。美国人"说酒"越来越时兴。美国酒文化在国内引起了越来越多的关注。
Basic Meaning of Chinese Wine Culture
中国酒文化的基本含义
酒文化是指酒在生产、销售、消费过程中所产生的物质文化和精神文化总称。酒文化包括酒的制法、品法、作用、历史等酒文化现象。既有酒自身的物质特征，也有品酒所形成的精神内涵，是制酒饮酒活动过程中形成的特定文化形态。酒文化在中国源远流长，不少文人学士写下了品评鉴赏美酒佳酿的著述，留下了斗酒、写诗、作画、养生、宴会、饯行等酒神佳话。酒作为一种特殊的文化载体，在人类交往中占有独特的地位。酒文化已经渗透到人类社会生活中的各个领域，对文学艺术、医疗卫生、工农业生产、政治经济各方面都有着巨大影响和作用。
Wine culture is the collective term of material culture and spiritual culture generated during the
production, sales and consumption of wine. Wine culture includes such cultural phenomenon
as winemaking methods, tasting methods, functions and history. With both the material
features of wine and the spiritual connotation generated in wine tasting, wine culture is a
special cultural form formed in the process of winemaking and drinking. Wine culture is of
long standing in China. Many literators and scholars composed works of tasting and
appreciating vintage, and left such as stories as drinking, poetic composition, drawing, health
preserving, banquet and farewell dinner. Wine, as a special cultural carrier, has a unique
position in interpersonal interaction. Wine culture has penetrated almost all fields of social
life of human beings, and has great influences on all aspects of literature, arts, medical
treatment, health, industrial and agricultural production, politics and economics.
中国是卓立世界的文明古国，中国是酒的故乡，中华民族五千年历史长河中，酒和酒类文化一直占据着重要地位，酒是一种特殊的食品，是属于物质的，但酒又融于人们的精神生活之中。酒文化作为一种特
殊的文化形式，在传统的中国文化中有其独特的地位，其中也衍生出了酒政制度。
China is a worldwide famous country with ancient civilization as well as the hometown of wine.
During the history about 5000 years of the Chinese nation, wine and wine culture has always
been playing an important role. As a special food, wine is physical. However, wine is also
blended with the spiritual life of people. Wine culture, as a special form of culture, has a
special position in traditional Chinese culture and derived the system of wine
在几千年的文明史中，酒几乎渗透到社会生活中的各个领域。中国是一个以农业为主的国家，因此一切政治、经济活动都以农业发展为立足点。而中国的酒，绝大多数是以粮食酿造的，酒紧紧依附于农业，成为农业经济的一部分。粮食生产的丰歉是酒业兴衰的晴雨表，各朝代统治者根据粮食的收成情况，通过发布酒禁或开禁，来调节酒的生产，从而确保民食。
Wine has penetrated almost all fields of social life during several thousand years of civilization.
China is a country depending on agriculture, so agricultural development is the foothold for
all political and economic activities. Most Chinese wine is brewed from foodstuffs. Wine
closely depends on agriculture and becomes a part of agricultural economics. The good and
poor harvest of foodstuffs production was the barometer of the prosperity and decline of
wine industry. The rulers of each dynasty, considering the harvest of foodstuffs, regulated the
wine production by prohibition of wine production or prohibition rescinding, so as to ensure
the foodstuff provision for people
中国古人将酒的作用归纳为三类：酒以治病，酒以养老，酒以成礼。中国人的好客，在酒席上发挥得淋沥尽致。人与人的感情交流往往在敬酒时得到升华。中国人敬酒时，往往都想对方多喝点酒，以表示自己尽到了主人之谊，客人喝得越多，主人就越高兴。
The Chinese ancients reduced the functions of wine to three main categories: for curing diseases,
for longevity and for the practice of etiquette. The Chinese’s hospitality is fully expressed at
feasts. People exchange their feelings while toasting. While drinking, the Chinese like urging
others to drink more in order to express the host’s honesty and friendship. The more the
guest drinks, the more cheerful the host feels.
