初中英语语法讲座--名词-成长博客博客教育博客教师博…
初中英语语法讲座--名词-成长博客博客教育博客教师博…
初中英语语法讲座-- 名 词
名词在中考单项选择试题中，除了时态，名词的考查频率也较高。一般考查以下几点：
一、 可数名词与不可数名词在可数名词与不可数名词上一般出现这样几类，
（1）分辨是哪一类名词，并根据结论做选择。
（2）可数名词复数的不规则变化。
（3）不可数名词的量化表达。
所以，考生首先要能够明确哪些是可数名词，哪些是不可数名词。其次，还要知道可数
名词的复数的变化规则。可数名词的变化规则一般是在单词后面加-s 或-es，如：
1desk---desks 1desk---desks bed---beds iano---pianos iano---pianos hat---hats bag---bags photo---photos
2 bus---buses bus---buses box---boxes watch---watches brush---brush
3tomato---tomatoes 3tomato---tomatoes potato---potatoeshero---heroes Negro---Negroes
4 leaf---leaves 4 leaf---leaves knife---knives5ba---babies
---babies family---famili
另外，还要记住一些特殊的名词的变化形式，如：
Chinese---Chinese Chinese---Chinese Japanese---Japane
Englishman---Englishmen Englishman---Englishmen
Frenchman---Frenchmen Russian---Russians Russian---Russians
American---Americans
German --- Germans child---children child---children foot---feet man---men
woman---women tooth---teeth h---teeth goose ---
geesedeer---deer
sheep---sheep
还要掌握不可数名词的量化表达有： a piece of、a bag of、a bottle of、a cup of、
a glass of
另外，大家应注意：单数集合名词作主语时谓语动词“数的”变化：单数集合名词如class,
police, family, school, group, team等。尽管形式上是单数，意义上都是复数，因此，
一般要与复数谓语动词连用，例如：Class Five have a foreign friend. 五班有一位外国
朋友。（这里的五班指五班的同学的。）His family are good to me. His family are good
to me.他的家人对我很好。（很显然，这里的family指家庭成员。）当上述集合名词着重指
“整体”时， 意义上则是单数，因此，要与单数谓语动词连用。例如，Our school team often plays well in our city. Our school team often plays well in our city.我们的校队
经常在我们市踢得很好。（这里的team 指整个队，但意义上仍为单数，故谓语动词用plays.
二、名词所有格名词所有格有两种形式：一是加”s，一种是用of来表示。一般情况下，
指某人的某物用”s表示，而指某物的什么用of 短语来表示。另外，要注意凡是以s结尾的
名词或规则名词的复数，不能直接加”s，而应该加-”即可。例如，boys” clothes clothes gir” dresses。 不过，注意例外情况，例如， the boss”s handwriting，其中the boss”s 的-”s不可省略。因为在英语中，如果以-s 或-ss 结尾的名词不是复数复数形式，那么
其名词所有格仍加-”s。那么你会说“琼斯的小汽车”吗？对，Jones”s car。下面我们来
做一部分习题。
1. 1. June 1st is ___ Day.A. Chi”s s B. Chil” ” C. Childrens” ”
D. Children”s答案：D
2. 2. I need ___ paper, Mum. I want to write ___ letter to my English teache
A. any, some A. any, some B. some, a C. a, some D. se,any答案：B
3. 3. There are two ___ and three ___ on the tabl
A. knifes, forks A. knifes, forks B. knifes, fork C. knives, forkes D. knives, for答案：D
4. 4. We have got a lot of___ toda
A. newspaper to read A. newspaper to read B. homework to do C. homeworks to doD. book to re答案：B
5. 5. We could see __ children and hear ___ noise in the par
A. many, many A. many, many B. much, much C. many, much D. much, ma答
案：C
6. 6. Will you pass me __
A. a few pieces of chalk A. a few pieces of chalk B. a few chalks C. a few of chalks D. some chal答案：A
7. 7. ___ habeen invited to the dancing party.
A. A friend of her A. A friend of her B. A friend of hers C. Friends of hers
D. Friends of h答案：B
下面请大家自己练习一下。
1. 1. September 10th is ___ Da
A. the Teacher A. the Teacher B. Teache” ” C. Teacher C. Teacher D. Teach”s答案：B
2. 2. ---Can I help you,ir?
---I”d like to have 100___. I want the students to draw pictures on them.
A. piece of paper A. piece of paper B. pieces of paper C. papers D. pap
答案：B
3. 3. ---Would you like ___ milk, pleas
---No, thank you. I still have some.A. some more ---No, thank you. I still have some.A. some more B. an C. a littlof of D. a答案：A
4. 4. ___ the old woman is i
A. What good health A. What good health B. How a good health
C. What a good health C. What a good health D. How good heal答案：A
① What + a(n) + 形容词 + 单数名词 + 主语 + 谓语！
2. What + 形容词 + 复数名词 + 主语 + 谓语！
3. What + 形容词 + 不可数名词 + 主语 + 谓语！
4. How + 形容词/副词 + 主语 + 谓语！
5. How + 形容词 + a(n) + 名词 + 主语 + 谓语！
⑥ How + 主语 + 谓语！
5. 5. ”m going to help ___ with ___ English.
A. a friend of Nancy, hers A. a friend of Nancy, hers B. a friend of Nan”s, her s, her
C. a friend of Nancy”s, hers s, hers D. a friend of Nancy, h答案：B
6. 6. The two desks herere ___. You may use the desk over there.
A. Mary and Jane A. Mary and Jane B. Marys and Janes C. Mary and Ja”sD. Mary”s and Jane”s答案：D
形容词和副词在中考单项选择中形容词也占一定比例，一般考查有关形容词或副词的一
些搭配，但绝大部分考查形容词与副词的比较级和最高级。
1. 形容词和副词的比较级和最高级
1. 一般的比较级和最高级在形容词或副词后加-er或-est，如：small --- smaller ---
smallest
2. 以不发音-e结尾的形容词或副词直接加 –r或 –st，如large --- largest ---
largest
3. 重读闭音节词尾是一个辅音字母的，需双写该辅音字母，再加-er或-est。
4. 以辅音字母加 y 结尾的形容词和副词，把“y”变“i”，再加 –er或
-est.busy---busier---busiesthappy---happier---happiest
但一些双音节及多音节形容词或副词前要加more和most，如：slowly --- more slowly
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