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中考英语复习讲座之应用文写作

发布时间:2023-06-04 作者:admin 来源:讲座
中考英语复习讲座之应用文写作
一、应用文总体写作要求是:格式正确;语言简洁、精练,无语法及词语搭配错误。
二、应用文评分标准:〔一〕符合以下要求的为总分值
1.突出应用文的写作特点2、信息完好3、语言准确4、可读性强5、不少于五句话
〔二〕不符合五个条件的,每一个扣一分。
三、1、掌握一些写作思路和技巧
〔1〕构思:审清题目要求,确定写作思路
〔2〕遣词; 根据题目要求,列出表达要点,找出能表达文章主题的关键词或短语
〔3〕造句:即把所列要点句型化。英文的句型是“S+V〞型,即一个句子首先考虑主语和谓语,然后才是其他成分。要学会套用现成的句型。
〔4〕谋篇:将要写的句子表达成文,首先要确定表达的时态主线,其次要学会使用一些过渡词。
如and, at first, at last, then, for example等,是文章更加自然通顺。
〔5〕润色:通读文章几遍,看行文是否通畅,于题意是否一致,要点是否齐全,有无语法、拼写和标点错误,尽量将丢分的肯能性降到最低。
2、应该做好以下几点:〔1〕抓紧时间,提早审题〔2〕加强词汇、语法等根本功的学习
〔3〕掌握教材中有关日记、书信、便条、通知等的书写格式,并模拟范例,进展尝试
四、实战演练:通知
通知(notice)是上级对下级、组织对成员布置工作、传达情况或告诉公众某种事情等时使用的一种应用文体,通常分为口头通知和书面通知书面通知格式的写法有点类似于书信的写法。其格式为:
通知是传达将要做的事,因此,写通知多用一般如今时和将来时态。书写通知的正文时,语言应简洁明了,把通知的对象、事由、时间、地点、内容有条理地说清楚即可。简单地说,就是"某人(单位)某时在某地干某事,加上考前须知"即可。当然,必须注意句子之间的安排,使之符合逻辑,条理清楚。写通知的一些常用句子:
1. May I have/call your attention, please? 请注意啦!
2. Attention, please, everybody! 大家请注意啦!
3. I have an announcement to make. 我要宣布一个通知。
4. I have something to tell you. 我有事情要告诉你们。
5. I have some good news for you! 我有好消息要告诉你们。
6. There will be a talk this afternoon. 今天下午有一个报告。
7. The Student Union has 学生会决定……
8. We shall have a 我们将要听一个关于……的报告。
9. It has been decided that we'll pay a 我们已决定要参观……
10. Please take your notebook with you. 请随身带着笔记本。
11. We'll gather at the school gate at eight tomorrow.我们明天八点在校门口集合。
12. Please be there on time and don't be late. 请准时到达那儿,不要迟到。
13. I hope you can have a good time. 我希望你们能过得愉快。14. That's all. Thank you. 完了,谢谢。
II.手把手教你①称呼:同学们②口头通知开头套语
③详细内容(事由、时间、地点、参与人等):明天是3月12日——植树节。为了保护我们的环境,校学生会(The Students' Union)决定二年级全体学生明天乘车去西山植树。早晨7:00在校门口集合,别忘了穿上旧衣服,自带工具和午餐。④结尾套语。
[One possible version]
Boys and girls,
Tomorrow is March the 12th—Tree Planting Day. In order to protect our environment, we'll go to the West Hill to plant trees there. Please meet at 7:00 in the morning at the school gate. We'll go there by bus. You'd better put on your old clothes and bring tools and lunch with you. Don't be late.
Thank you.
写作思路:
一、审题:这是一篇书面通知(Notice)。二、列提纲,找要点,定句型:
三、确定时态:通知一般使用一般将来时和一般如今时。四、连句成文
你所在中学决定举行一次万米赛跑活动,请你以学生会的名义用英文写一个书面通知,词数100左右,详细内容如下:
为推动全民健身活动,学校决定举行万米长跑。
时间:5月4日下午2:00(风雨无阻)。
参加人数:每班10人(欢送老师参加)。
考前须知:1.1:30前在学校操场集合,请不要迟到。2.长跑道路:沿人民大街跑到交通信号灯向右转,一直跑到邮局再向右转;在第二个拐弯处右转,然后沿着河跑,最后回到学校。3.通知发出时间为2003年5月1日。
写作思路:
一、审题:这是一篇书面通知(Notice)。
二、列提纲,找要点,定句型:
1.目的:为了推动全民健身运动:in order to carry out the keep-fit program…
2.学校决定举行长跑比赛:our school has decided to ho ld…
3.比赛时间:on the afternoon of May 4
4.集合地点:the school playground
5.报名人数:ten students of each class are asked to…
6.愿参加者到……集合:those who want to… gather on…
7.长跑道路:run along…and turn right/go on running until…/take the second turning on…
8.欢送参加:be welcome t o…
三、确定时态:通知一般使用一般将来时和一般如今时。
四、连句成文:
NOTICE
In order to carry out the keep-fit program throughout the counTRy,our school has decided to hold a
10,000-meTRe race on the afternoon of May 4.Whether it rains or not,the race will start at 2:00pm.Ten students of each class are asked to take part in the race.Those who want to take part in the race should gather on the school playground at 1:30.Don't be late.All the runners will run along the Renmin STReet to the TRaffic lights and then turn right.Go on running until reaching the post-office and turn right again.Take the second turning on the right. Go along the river and finally return to the school.All the teachers in our school are welcome to join us.
The Students'Union
通知的一般格式
常用语:1.      The report will begin at 9:00 in the morning on Tuesday, Marth 20th
2.      The meeting will be put off until next month.
3.      English group takes pleasure in announcing an English Evening to be held on Friday evering.
4.      By the way, we will have a discussion after the report.
5.      Please bring along your pens an notebooks and be at the school gate at 7:00.
6.      Please be there on time.
7.      If you are interested in it, please sign your name at your monitor’s.
书信
1、信封的写法。
英语信封正面的左上角,写发信人的姓名和地址。在信封的正面中央偏左一点,写收信人的地址和姓名。
英语信封上的地点名称由小到大,视其长短可占二至五行不等。
寄信人只写姓名,不写头衔。但是,收信人一般都在名字前加上头衔,以示礼貌和尊敬。对于没有官衔和学衔的人士,通常在姓名前写上Mr., Mrs.,或Ms.。〔信封的写法,一般来说,很少出如今中考英语的作文中。〕
2、内容。英文信一般可以分为以下几个局部。
1〕信端〔Heading〕即写信人的地址和发信日期。
2〕收信人姓名地址3〕称呼4〕信的正文5〕完毕语6〕签名
常用语:1.Thanks for your letter.
2.How are your getting on?
3.Thank you for the last favor.〔感谢你过去的帮助〕
4.I’m looking to y our answer within a few days.
5.I am writing to you to tell you a piece of exciting news.
6.Look forward to a prompt reply.(盼速答复)
7.Please give my best wishes to Tom.
8.I have the pleasure to tell you that..
9.I have just received your kind letter.
10.Your kind letter of Saturday arrived this morning.
11.Please notify me soon.
12.Looking forward to a prompt reply.
13.Please do not fail to write to me.
14.I shall feel obliged by a reply at your earliest convenience.
15.I look for your answer in a few days.
16.As the season grows colder, I hope you will take good care of yourself17.With kind regards to your family.
18.Please give my compliments to your family.
19.Hoping you will have a pleasant trip.
20.Wishing you a pleasant journey.
The help you sent is sincerely valued
常见的完毕语有:Best wishes!〔祝好!〕/ With best regards!〔顺致问候!〕/Wish you success〔祝你成功〕/ Good luck!〔祝你好运!〕/ I‘m looking forward to hearing from you soon. 〔盼你早日回信。〕Give me love / regards to…〔代我向……问好!〕谦称有尊卑亲疏之分,要与收信人的称呼相一致。写给亲友常用Yours,/ Yours affectionately,/ Yours ever,/ Affectionately yours,等。写给一般的熟悉的人常用Yours sincerely,/ Sincerely yours,/ Yours cordially,等。写给不太熟悉的人常用Yours truly,/ Truly yours,/ Yours faith fully,等。写给长辈或上级常用Yours respectfully,等
海报
海报是用来告知广阔群众有关戏剧,电影以及球赛等活动的一种带有宣传广告性质的招贴。海报正中往往把有关内容作为大字标题,如:Football Match, Film News等字样以提示海报的内容,无需称呼或注明Poster〔海报〕等字样。正文局部要写清详细内容,活动时间,地点,以及参加规定,主持或举办单位等。出海报的单位署名通常放
在右下角,日期位于署名的下一行,靠左下角
留言
便条:是一种简单的书信,常见的有请假条,留言条等。便条一般包括:①日期(一般不需要年,有必要时甚至可以写出钟点)②称呼(假如是家人或熟人,可以随意些)③正文(大多简短)④谦称⑤署名.但是便条多用于比拟熟悉的同志和亲人之间,常常是为了临时通知或询问某时而写的短信,与书信相比,它的格式简单,可以省起写信时间、写信人及收信人地址。写英语便条一定要开门见山,怎样讲就怎样写,用词也可以口语化,不讲客套话和无关的事.
请假条:
留言:
感谢:
Dear Yang Ying,
Thanks a lot for the beautiful New Year Card you sent me. Will you be free at 8:00 a.m on Tuesday? I want to meet you in the office and discuss something with you. Can you ring me to le me know?
WangLi
留言条:
WangHai,
ZhangHong called you about seven o'clock this morning,but you were out。She said she was going to see the film "OLIVER TWIST" tonight。She has got two tickets and wants you to go with her。Would you please call her back as soon as you are back?Li Ming
电子邮件
E-mail 作为现代的通信的工具,离我们的学生既远又近。在教材中屡次出现了用E-mail
From:〔发信人的E-mail地址〕
To:〔收信人的E-mail地址〕
Sent:〔发送的日期和时间〕可省略
Subject:〔发送的主题〕
个人简介
构造要点简历是个人经历的书面表达形式,应包含个人信息、教育背景和工作经历。有时还可包含事
业目的(objective或career objective)、其他经历(activities)、获奖情况(awards)和特长(special skills)等。
姓名:My name is…. I am….
出生:I was born on日期in地点
I come from…/ I am from…
年龄:I am 15years old. Or I am fifteen.
兴趣爱好:I like doing….
Xxx is my favorite.
I like xxx best.
I am interested in….
I have a lot of interests.
I am fond of…..
I prefer… to ….
擅长做:I am good at….
I do well in….
家庭:I live in a happy family.
I am from a worker family.
There are xxx people in my family.
I love all of them.
教育:I graduated from ……
Xxx is my middle school.
I love the school and the teachers.
性格特征:I am a xxx girl /boy.
描绘认的性格特征的词汇:
confident 有信心的careful 办事仔细的 caring 有同情心的 cheerful 开朗的    able 有才干的,能干的
adaptable 适应性强的,机敏的aggressive 有进取心的alert 机灵的active 主动的,活泼的 timid 胆小的,
ambitious 有雄心壮志的amiable 和蔼可亲的amicable 友好的easy-going 随和的smart 精明的
frank 直率的,真诚的 friendly 友好的 gentle 有礼貌的funny 有趣的,乖僻的  happy 开心的
generous 宽宏大量的helpful 助人的,有益的hard-working 勤劳的sweet-tempered 性情温和的
lazy 懒惰的,懒散的kind-hearted 好心的independent 有主见的industrious 勤奋的
ingenious 有独创性的 nice 和蔼的,挑剔的,正派的outgoing 外向友好的popular 受欢送的
polite 有礼貌的 punctual 严守时刻的self-conscious 自觉的reliable 可信赖的
selfless 无私的thoughtful 体贴人的 strong-willed 意志坚强的sociable 好交际的
天气预报
描绘天气常用的句型:
天气:There will be +n/ There will be a strong wind to the south.
It will be+adj(sunny, snowy,cloudy, rainy, hot, wet, cold, cool, dry, foggy, windy )
气温:The highest(lowest) temperature is …..
地名或方位名+ will see a high of 65 and sunny skies with very strong winds.
完毕语:And that's this morning's weather forecast.
日记
日记:  日记是用来表达一天生活中发生的重要事情或深入感受的文体.
日记格式:1.左上角顶格写日期,星期  2.右上角写天气情况,要大写  3.第二行写日记的小标题,也可以不写.
五、中考英语写作题根本句型
五个个简单句的根本句型是英语写作的根底,同学们一定要每个句型熟记一个例句,做到举一反三:
一、主语+谓语:Money talks. 金钱万能。They both laughed. 两人都笑了。
二、主语+谓语+宾语
Every dog has his day. 人人都有出头日。
I bought a ticket for Milan. 我买了一张去米兰的车票。
三、主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语
He told us a story. 他给我们讲了一个故事。
I‘ll ask how to get there. 我去问怎样到那里。
四、主语+宾语+宾补
He told me to clean the classroom.他叫我清扫教室。
I saw him leave / leaving the house. 我看到他分开了/ 正在分开房间。〔注:在see,notice,watch,hear等感官动词后作宾补可用动词原形表示整个过程,用动词的-ing形式表示听到、看到时该动作正在发生。〕
He made me open the door.他要我翻开门。〔注:在表示“使、让〞的make,let,have后作宾补的不定式一般不能带to.〕
Playing football can make us healthy.踢足球能使我们安康。
五、主语+系动词+表语
①Love is blind. 情人眼里出西施。
注:be 〔am,is,are,was,were等〕是最典型的系动词,可用形容词、介词短语、不定式、动名词等作表语。除here,there,up等极少数副词〔这些副词无相应的形容词〕可作be的表语外,一般不能用副词作表语,而要用相应的形容词作表语。
②The food tastes good. 这食物很好吃。
注:表示“……起来〞的taste〔尝起来、吃起来〕,smell〔闻起来〕,sound〔听起来〕,look / seem〔看起来〕,feel〔摸起来〕等都是系动词,后面必须接形容词作表语。
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