5g英文
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2023年3月20日发(作者：市场分析师)-1-
ABriefIntroductionAbout5GNetwork
Jia
Abstract
Withtherapiddevelopmentofwirelesstechnologies,theconceptoftheFifthGeneration
(5G)tpeopleknowlittle
about5G，includingsomeaspectsof5Gwirelesscommunicationnetworks,justlikewhat
5Gisabout:whatarethebuildingblocksofcore5Gsystemconcept,whatarethemain
s,Anumberofcountriesandorganizations
workingon5G,5GdevelopmentsituationinChinaisofconcerntoeveryone,Chinaalso
needstohaveitsownplaceinsuchacompetitiveenvironment.
Keywords:
5GNetwork,history,Coreconcept,Challenges,Solutions,Inchina
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TableofContent
uction.................................................................................................................-3-
chanddevelopmenthistory.............................................................................-3-
ncept..............................................................................................................-4-
ngesandSolutions............................................................................................-5-
4.15GTransportChallenge........................................................................................-6-
4.25GTransportChallengeandsomeSolutions........................................................-7-
4.3MachinetoMachineCommunication...................................................................-7-
4.3CoreNetworkVirtualisation.................................................................................-8-
4.4Summary...............................................................................................................-8-
5.5GInChina.................................................................................................................-9-
5.5.1Whitepaper........................................................................................................-9-
5.5.25Gstandards......................................................................................................-9-
5.5.3Chinacommunicationscompanies....................................................................-9-
5.5.4Summary..........................................................................................................-10-
ion..................................................................................................................-10-
ms..................................................................................................................-11-
nces.................................................................................................................-11-
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uction
5G(Fifth-generationmobilecommunications)isanewgenerationofmobile
communicationmobilecommunicationsystemsfor2020,withhighspectralefficiency
andlowpowerconsumption,intermsoftransferrateandresourceutilization
improvementover4Gsystem10times,itswirelesscoverageperformanceanduser
experiencewillbesignificantlyimproved.5Gwillbecloselyintegratedwithother
wirelessmobilecommunicationtechnology,constituteanewgenerationofubiquitous
mobileinformationnetwork,tomeetfuturemobileInternettraffic1000xdevelopment
needsin10years.[1]
InthispaperIwillshowyousomelatestresearchanddevelopmenthistory,whatarethe
buildingblocksofcore5Gsystemconcept,whatarethemainchallengesandhowto
estofpaperIwillshowhow5GdevelopmentinChinainrecent
yearsandmyconclusionafterresearchliterature.
chanddevelopmenthistory
February2013,theEUannouncedthatitwouldgrant50millioneurostoacceleratethe
developmentof5Gmobiletechnology,planstolaunchamaturestandardin2020.[2][3]
May13,2013,SouthKorea'sSamsungElectronicsCo.,cedthatithas
successfullydevelopedthe5thgenerationmobilecommunication(5G)coretechnology,
hnologycantransmit
dataatultra-highfrequency28GHzto1Gbpspersecondspeed,andthemaximum
rast,thecurrentfourthgenerationLongTerm
Evolution(4GLTE)othe
transmissionbottleneckiswidelybelievedthatatechnicalproblem,whileSamsung
Electronicsistheuseof64adaptivearrayantennaelementstransmissiontechnologyto
edwiththetransmissionspeedof4GtechnologyinSouth
Korea,histechnique,downloada
high-definition(HD)moviejustneed10seconds.
Backin2009,Huaweihaslaunchedtheearlyresearchrelatedtechnologies,andtoshow
mber6,2013,Huaweiannouncedthatit
wouldinvest$600millionin2018forthe5Gtechnologydevelopmentandinnovation,
andpredictedthatuserswillenjoy20Gbpscommercial5Gmobilenetworksin2020.
May8,2014,theJapanesetelecomoperatorNTTDoCoMoannouncedofficially,
Ericsson,Nokia,Samsungandothersixmanufacturerstoworktogether,begantesting
override1000timesthanexisting4Gnetworksthecarryingcapacityofthehigh-speed
network5Gnetwork,rtesting
scheduledtocommencein2015,andexpectstobeginoperationsin2020.[3]
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March1,2015,theBritish"DailyMail"reportedthattheBritish5Gnetworkhas
successfullydevelopedandtestedfordatatransmissionwithin100metersperseconddata
transferofupto125GB,is6.5timesthe4Gnetwork,intheory,a30secondstodownload
movies,addingthatinvestmentinpublictestin2018,2020officiallyputintocommercial
use.[4]
February11,2015intheafternoonnews,IMT-2020(5G)topromotethegroup
(hereinafterreferredtoas"advancegroup")heldaconferenceinBeijing5Gconceptof
aperfromthemobileInternetandnetworkingcomposedmainlyof
applicationscenarios,businessneedsandchallengesofstartingsummedcontinuouswide
areacoverage,highreliabilityofthefourmajortechnology5Gsceneofhighcapacity,
ile,thecombinationofcore
technologiesandkeycapabilities5Gand5Gconceptproposedbythe"flagsexuality
index+asetofkeytechnologies"commondefinition.
March3,2015,theEuropeanEconomicandSocialCommissionforDigitalFurusawa
OttingeofficiallyannouncedtheEU'svisionofpublic-privatepartnerships5G,andstrive
toensurethattherighttospeakinthenextgenerationofmobiletechnologyinEuropein
ersaidthat,5Gvisionofpublic-privatepartnershipinvolvesnot
onlyfiber,wirelessorsatellitecommunicationsnetworkintegratedwitheachother,will
alsousethesoftware-definednetworking(SDN),networkfunctionsvirtualization(NFV),
MobileEdgecomputing(MEC)pectrum,the
EU'svisionofpublic-privatepartnershipwillbedesignated5Ghundredsofmegahertzto
improvenetworkperformance,60GHzandhigherfrequencybandswillalsobetaken
intoaccount.
Anumberofcountriesandorganizationsannounced,5Gnetworkwillbeoperational
between2020~2025.
ncept
Whatis5G?gfrom
thewordmeaning,r,
howshoulditdefine?Currently,
IMT-2020(5G)groupreleasedtheWhitePaperconsiderstheconcept5G,5Gintegrated
keycapabilitiesandcoretechnology,5Gconceptby"importanttargets"and"agroupof
keytechnologies"hem,theflagindicators"Gbpsrate
userexperience"isasetofkeytechnologies,includinglarge-scaleantennaarray,
ultra-densenetworking,newmulti-site,full-spectrumaccessandnewnetwork
architectures.
Recallingthecourseofdevelopmentofmobilecommunications,eachgenerationof
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mobilecommunicationsystemscanbedefinedbysexualperformanceindicatorsand
n,1GusingFDMA,onlyanalogvoiceservices;2G
mainlyusingTDMA,canprovidevoiceandlow-speeddigitaldataservices;3Gto
CDMAtechnologyischaracterizedbyuserpeakrateof2MbpstoreachtensofMbps,
supportmultimediadataservices;4GOFDMAtechnologyasthecore,theuserpeakrate
ofupto100Mbps~1Gbps,cansupportavarietyofmobilebroadbanddataservices.
5Gkeycompetenciesricherthanpreviousgenerationsofmobilecommunications,user
experience,speed,densityofconnections,endtoenddelay,thepeakrateandmobility
r,unlikethecaseinthepast
onlytoemphasizedifferentpeakrate,theindustrygenerallybelievethattherateofthe
userexperienceisthemostimportantperformanceindicators,ittrulyreflectstherealdata
rateavailabletotheuser,nthe
technologyneedsofthemainscene5G,5GuserexperiencerateshouldreachGbps
magnitude.
Facedwithdiversescenesofextremeperformancedemandsdifferentiation,5Gcannot
tion,thecurrentwirelesstechnologyinnovation
hasdiversifieddevelopmenttrend,inadditiontothenewmulti-accesstechnology,
large-scaleantennaarray,ultra-densenetwork,thewholespectrumaccess,thenew
networkarchitecture,alsoisconsideredtobethemaintechnicaldirection.5Gcanplaya
keyroleinthemajortechnologyscene.[5]
ngesandSolutions
InthispartIoutlinesomeobservedresearchchallengesanddirectionsinthemobile
networkdevelopmentandshowsomemaybecomethefuturetrendsandsolutionsthat
mayleadtoimprovednetworkperformancewhilemeetingtheconstantlyincreasinguser
demands.
thenewnetworkarchitecture
Gbpsuserexerperiencerate
Ultra-densenetwork
Large-scaleantennaarray
Newmulti-accesstechnologyThenewnetworkarchitecture
Figure1-5GConcept
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4.15GTransportChallenge
Inordertounderstandthe5Gtransportchallengesonemustunderstandhow5Gmay
hevariousinitiativesthatarelookinginto5G,
wecandefines5Gintermsofscenarioswhichthenextgenerationwirelessaccess
networkswillhavetosupport.[6]Atotaloffivefuturescenarioshavebeen
defined,namelyamazinglyfast(userswanttoenjoyinstantaneousnetworkconnectivity),
greatserviceinacrowd,ubiquitousthingscommunicating(i.e.,effectivesupportto
InternetofThings),superrealtimeandreliableconnections,andbestexperiencefollows
thesescenariosintroducesachallenge.
Threeofthesechallenges(i.e.,veryhighdatarate,verydensecrowdsofusersand
mobility)aremoretraditionalinthesensethattheyarerelatedtocontinuedenhancement
orging
challenges,verylowlatencyandverylowenergy,costandmassivenumberofdevices,
ar
applicationsmaybeassociatedwithoneorseveralofthesescenariosimposingdifferent
Stwelvespecifictestcasesweredefinedandmapped
ectedtestca ssentiallysamplethespaceoffuture
chnicalenablersthatfulfilltherequirementsforthesetestcasesare
defined,itisexpectedthatotherapplicationssubjecttothesamefundamentalchallenges,
sequence,definingtechnicalenablersforthe5G
testcasesmeansalsodefiningtechnicalsolutionstothe5Gchallenges.
WhileMETIS[7]isfocusedonwirelessaccess,thechallengesdefinedfor5Gare
tforveryhighdatarateswillrequireboth
higherc,in
turn,translatesintoatransportnetworkthatneedstosupportmoresitesandhigher
capacitypersite,atserviceinacrowdscenariowillput
requirementsonthetransportnetworktoprovideveryhighcapacityon-demandto
tion,thebestexperiencefollowsyouscenario,
suggests
contrary,theother5Gchallengesarenotexpectedtoplayasimportantroleforshaping
thetransport,asforexamplethecaseofverylowlatencyandverylowenergy,costand
rlydimensionedtransportnetworkbasedonmodern
wirelessand/oropticaltechnologiesisalreadytodayabletoprovideextremelylow
latency,i.e.,theend-to-enddelaycontributionofthetransportnetworkisusuallyalmost
tion,whileahugenumberofconnectedmachinesanddeviceswill
createachallengeforthewirelessnetwork,itwillmostprobablynotsignificantlyimpact
duetothefactthatthetrafficgeneratedbyalargenumberofdevices
eescenarios
forthetransportnetworkdescribedabovearesummarizedalongwiththeircorresponding
atdoesnotreportalltheoriginaltestcasesbutonly
formationwillbeusedlaterin
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thepapertoidentifytheappropriatetransporttechnologies.
4.25GTransportChallengeandsomeSolutions
Thissectionprovidesanoverviewofanumberoftransportoptionsfor5Gwireless
networks.A5Gtransportnetworkcanbedividedintwodifferentsegments,i.e.,small
celltransportandmetro/aggregation(Fig.2).Thesmallcelltransportsegmentaggregates
thetrafficto/fromthewirelesssmallcellstowardsthemetro/aggregationsegment.
Differentsolutionsintermsoftechnology(e.g.,optics,wireless)andtopology(e.g.,tree,
ring,mesh)
metro/aggregationsegment,ontheotherhand,connectsdifferentsitetypes(i.e.,macro
and/orsmallcells)amongthemselvesandtothecorenetwork,thelatterviatheservice
edge(servicenodefortheinterconnectionamongdifferentnetworkdomains).
Forthemetro/aggregationsegmentonepromisingsolutionisrepresentedbya
dense-wavelength-divisionmultiplexing(DWDM)[8]-a
network,packetaggregationtakesplaceattheedgesofthenetwork(e.g.,atsmall/macro
cellssitesandattheserviceedge),whileatcenter(i.e.,betweenaccessandmetrorings)
switchingisdonecompletelyintheopticaldomainthankstoactiveopticalelementssuch
aswavelengthselectiveswitches(WSSs)andreconfigurableopticaladd-drop
multiplexers(ROADMs).IthasalreadybeendemonstratedthatDWDM-centricsolutions
havethepotentialtoofferhighcapacity(intheorderoftenstohundredsofGbps)and
lowerenergyconsumptionthantheirpacket-centriccounterparts(i.e.,withpacket
aggregationatthecenterofthenetwork).[9]ForthisreasontheDWDM-centric
metro/aggregationconceptmayrepresentagoodcandidateforfuture5Gtransport
networks.[10]
4.3MachinetoMachineCommunication
MachinetoMachineCommunicationBesidesnetworkevolution,weobservealsodevice
urewirelesslandscapewillserve
notonlymobileusersthroughsuchdevicesassmartphones,tabletsorgameconsolesbut
alsoatremendousnumberofanyotherdevices,suchascars,smartgridterminals,health
monitoringdevicesandhouseholdappliancesthatwouldsoonrequireaconnectiontothe
estimatedthattheM2Mtrafficwillincrease24-foldbetween2012and2017.[11]
M2Mcommunicationisalreadytodayoftenusedinfleetmonitoringorvehicletracking.
Possiblefutureusagescenariosincludeawidevarietyofe-healthapplicationsand
devices,forinstancenewelectronicandwirelessapparatususedtoaddresstheneedsof
elderlypeoplesufferingfromdiseaseslikeAlzheimer’s,
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sensorswouldenablepatientmonitoringandaiddoctorstoobservepatientsconstantly
alsoreducethecostsoftreatment,asitcanbedone
remotely,withouttheneedofgoingtoahospital.
RemotepatientmonitoringusingaBodyAreaNetwork(BAN),whereanumberof
wirelesssensors,bothon-skinandimplanted,recordthepatient’shealthparametersand
sendsreportstoadoctor,willsoonbecomearealityandanimportantpartof5G
ore,inordertooffere-healthservices,5Gwillneedtoprovidehigh
bandwidth,meetextremelyhighQualityofService(QoS)requirements,e.g.,ultralow
latencyandlosslessvideocompressionformedicalpurposes,andimplementenhanced
rmore,extendedworkwillneedtobedonetoefficiently
manageradioresources,duetohighdiversityoftraffictypes,rangingfromthereports
sentperiodicallybythemeters,tohighqualitymedicalvideotransmission.
4.3CoreNetworkVirtualisation
Movingtowards5GimposeschangesnotonlyintheRadioAccessNetwork(RAN)but
alsointheCoreNetwork(CN),wherenewapproachestonetworkdesignareneededto
ndistodecouple
hare
DefinedNetworking(SDN)beingstandardisedbyOpenNetworkingFoundation(ONF)
assumesseparationofthecontrolanddataplane[12].Consequently,thanksto
centralizationandprogrammability,configurationofforwardingcanbegreatly
automated.
Moreover,standardisationeffortsaimingatdefiningNetworkFunctionsVirtualisation
(NFV)areconductedbymultipleindustrialpartnersincludingnetworkoperatorsand
equipmentvendorswithinETSI.[13]Introducinganewsoftwarebasedsolutionismuch
fasterthaninst
solult
ofsimpleroperation,onecanexpectmoredynamicandfasterdeploymentofnew
networkfeatures.
4.4Summary
Ionlylistapartialofthechallengesof5Gnetworksandpossiblesolutions,infact,
beforemakingaformaluniversal5Garestillmanyproblemstobeovercome,italso
requireseffortfrontlineresearchers.
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5.5GInChina
5.5.1Whitepaper
February11,2015，antlymake
eagerto5Gnetworkassoonaspossible.
TheWhitePaperpublished,theconceptfromvariousangles,corecompetencies,
ametime,thisisthe
IMT-2020(5G)topromotethegrouplastyearafterthepublicationoftheWhitePaper5G
eseeablefuture,astheChinesegovernment
paymoreattentiontothedevelopmentof5Gandadoptamoreopenattitude,withthe
jointeffortsoftheindustry,andChinawillplayanincreasinglyimportantroleinthe
global5Gdevelopment,globalindustrywillalsobeunified5Gstandardstrideforward.
5.5.25Gstandards
Chinawillactivelyparticipateinthedevelopmentof5Gstandards,willhelpChinato
furtherenhancethepatentpositionininternationalcommunicationstandards,escortfor
ourmobilephonemanufacturing.
Chinaisabigmanufacturingcountry,thestatehasproposedthecreationofastrategic
shifttoChina,3Gand4Gstandardssuccessfulexperiencewillhelpuswinmorepatents
inthedevelopmentof5Gstandardtime,toachievethetransformationofChinatocreate
thegoal.
5.5.3Chinacommunicationscompanies
February12,2015,theInternationalTelecommunicationUnionstandard5Gstartresearch
work,andclearlytheIMT-2020workplan:willcompletetheIMT-2020international
standardpreliminarystudiesin2015,2016willbecarriedout5Gtechnicalperformance
requirementsandevaluationmethodsResearch,bytheendof2017tostartcollecting5G
candidatetocompletestandardsbytheendof2020.
Itisworthnotingthat,inthe5Gstandards,Huawei,ZTEandotherChinese
telecommunicationscompaniessuchasEricssonveterancommunicationscompaniesalso
playanimportantrole,inwhichHuaweifrombetween2013to2018,fiveyearsisho
throw$600million5Gconductresearchandinnovation.
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Recently,ingtheendofthe
yeartocompleteMassiveMIMOantennaarraymassivefieldtest,ZTEindependently
developedtheproposedsuperdensenetworkUDN,multipleuserstoshareaccessto
Multi-UserSharedAccessandothercoretechnologiesthroughdemonstration,inPre5G
phaseisexpectedtobeapplied.[14]
HuaweiCEOHuHouKunrotation,saidin2015,thecompanywillspendtheequivalentof
about10%in2014researchanddevelopmentbudget,or$60million,thedevelopmentof
l,thecompany'scommitmentinthenextfewyears,$600million
investmentin5Gtechnology.5Gisanext-generationmobilecommunicationsstandard,is
expectedearlyinthenextdecadeandputintouse.[15]
5.5.4Summary
Chinaneedstohaveitsownplaceinthe5Gmarket,China'scommunicationscompanies
arealsoveryhard,believeinthefuture,China'sR&Dlevel5Gwillleadothercountries.
ion
Inthispaper，Ipresentedasummaryoftheconcept,chanlleges,solusionsand5Gin
2020andthefutureofthemobileInternetandnetworkingbusinessneeds,5G
willfocusonsupportingthecontinuouswideareacoverage,hothigh-capacity,lowpower
consumptionandlowlatencyconnectionhighlyreliablefourmaintechnicalscenario,the
useoflargescaleantennaarray,ultra-densenetworking,newmulti-site,full-spectrum
accessandnewnetworkarchitectures,suchasthecoretechnology,throughtheevolution
ofnew4GairinterfaceandtwotechnicalroutestoachieveGbpsrateuserexperience,
andtoensureconsistencyinserviceunderavarietyofscenarios.
ced
includehowtodesignnetworkarchitecture,includingmanytechnicalchallenges.
Comparedwithpreviousgenerationsofcommunicationstechnology,5Gerabiggest
challengeisnothowtoincreasetherate,buttheuserexperiencewithtrafficdensity,the
aspossiblewhile
the5Gnetworkmustbesolved.
5GstudyconductedinChinaareenthusiastic,Chinaneedstoacceleratethepaceofits
own5Gtechnologytogetridofdependenceonforeigncompanies.5Gstudyconducted
inChinaareenthusiastic,Chinaneedstoacceleratethepaceofitsown5Gtechnologyto
getridofdependenceonforeigncompanies.5Gacceleratethedevelopmentisconducive
toChinastandattheforefrontofthecompetitioninthenextwaveofdata,acompetitive
advantage.
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ms
5G-Fifth-generationmobilecommunications
SDN-software-definednetworking
NFV-networkfunctionsvirtualization
MEC-MobileEdgecomputing
FDMA-FrequencyDivisionMultipleAccess
TDMA-TimeDivisionMultipleAccess
CDMA-CodeDivisionMultipleAccess
OFDMA-OrthogonalFrequencyDivisionMultipleAccess
DWDM-dense-wavelength-divisionmultiplexing
BAN-BodyAreaNetwork
QoS-QualityofService
RAN-RadioAccessNetwork
nces
[1]ChenSi,LiHuaSheng,”5Gtechnologytrendsandchallengesforradiomanagement”,
/news/41/
[2]”Samsungdeveloped5Gtechnology”，
/link?url=m_HOSi6QF36L7im-m0NRBaQggvikTgV0GLWBNy
vN1OllSGp6_nYwU2B_fXsl6tEnyO0lXAw4Fnk0Ku0vtPSBMq#reference-[2]-764107
0-wrap
[3]C114ChinaCommunicationNetwork,(Shanghai),March2015,”TheEUannounced
5GVision:Toguaranteetherighttospeakofglobalstandards”
/15/0311/10/
[4]People’sPostsandTelecommunicationsNews(PPTN),March,2015,”BellLabs:5G
urgenttaskistobecompletedassoonaspossiblestandardization”
/info/2015-03/11/c_
[5]BaiduEncyclopedia，”5Gnetwork”
/view/”
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[6]METISdeliverableD1.1,”Scenarios,requirementsandKPIsfor5Gmobileand
wirelesssystem”,April2013.
[7]METISdeliverableD6.1,”Simulationguidelines”,October2013.
[8]ShuqiangZhang,MingXia,rt,”Fiberrouting,wavelengthassignmentand
multiplexingforDWDM-centricconvergedmetro/aggregationnetworks,”
ECOC,Sept.2013.
[9],,”Energyconsumptionanalysisofconvergednetworks:Node
consolidationvsmetrosimplification,”,March2013.
[10]MatteoFiorani,”Challengesfor5GTransportNetworks”,IEEE,2014
[11]Cisco,“GlobalMobileDataTrafficForecastUpdate,2012-2017,”Feb.2013,White
Paper.
[12]OpenNetworkingFoundation,“SDNArchitectureOverview,”Dec.2013.
[13]ETSI,“NetworkFunctionsVirtualisation,”Oct.2012,WhitePaper.
[14]”ZTE5GMUSAandUDNdevelopedkeytechnologiestoachievenewprogresss”
/news/127/
[15]”Huaweiwillinvest$600millionR&D5G”
/2015-04/02/content_