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分词做定语

发布时间:2023-06-07 作者:admin 来源:文学

分词做定语

分词做定语

顺辉陶瓷-蟹饲料

2023年2月22日发(作者:照相机发明)

过去分词作定语

1.单个过去分词作定语,通常前置

a.及物动词的过去分词,具有被动和完成的意义。

abrokencup

awoundedsoldier

anunexpectedguest

theexcitedcrowd

b.不及物动词的过去分词,具有主动和完成意义。

aretiredofficer

C.合成的过去分词

amuch-neededreform

state-ownedenterprises

2.过去分词短语作定语:通常后置,其作用相当于定语从句。

aletterwritteninpencil

=aletterwhichwaswritteninpencil

themachinesproducedlastyear

过去分词与现在分词的区别:

1语态不同:现在分词表示主动,及物动词的过去分词表示被动

注:不及物动词的过去分词只有“完成”含义,而不表示被动

Thefallingleavesthefallenleaves

2时间关系不同:现在分词作定语,多表示“动作正在

进行”或“与谓语同时进行”或“经常性”。

过去分词作定语,则多表示分词动作“先于位于动词表

示的动作”或“没有一定的时间性”

youknowtheboy____(lie)underthebigtree

2.“Can’tyouread”Marysaidangrily____(point)to

thenotice.

3Thewoman_____(sell)vegetableshasgone.

wheatiswateredbywater_____(bring)fromapond.

eader________(respect)bythepeople.

3及物动词的过去分词(done)与现在分词的被动式

(beingdone)都可以表示“被动”,但前者多表示一个

完成了的动作,而后者则表示一个正在进行的动作.

theproblemdiscussedyesterday

Theproblembeingdiscussed

dinthehouse__builtbymyuncles

________________

(我舅舅们修建的).

icine___taken_____(服用)withoutthe

adviceofadoctorcancausetrouble.

ttwohoursdiscussingtheplan__madebyher

__

______________(她制定的).

4._____________(开水)

5.________________(一个破碎的茶杯)

____________________(受伤的士兵)

thepeople__invitedtotheparty

_________________

(被邀请参加宴会的)werefamousscientists.

s____learnedeasily

_________(易学的)aresoon

forgotten.

**____Easily-learned

_________(易学的)lessonsaresoon

forgotten.

putercenter____opened/started

_____________

(开办)lastweekispopularwiththestudents.

ofdailygoods___throughacomputercanbelowerthansomestoreprices.

h,____ofthe___speech,startedtoreadanovel.

;;bored

;;boring

分词

分词作定语

分词作状语

连词+分词(短语)

分词作补语

分词作表语

分词作插入语

分词的时态

分词的语态

1分词作定语

分词前置

Wecanseetherisingsun.我们可以看到东升的旭日

Heisaretiredworker.他是位退休的工人

分词后置(i.分词词组;ii.个别分词如given,left;iii.)

Therewasagirlsittingthere.有个女孩坐在那里

Thisisthequestiongiven.这是所给的问题

过去分词作定语

与其修饰的词是被动关系,相当于一个被动语态的定语从句。

Mostofthepeopleinvitedtothepartywerefamousscientists.

MostoftheartistsinvitedtothepartywerefromSouthAfrica.

liveonasmallisland

veeatenupalltheanimals,plantsandvegetables,

sotheywanttoeateverything.(过去分词作后置定语)

ly

ard,“help,help.”Theysawabeautiful

utedhappily,“daddy,wehavefoodnow.”Then

thefathersaid,“no,no,no,don’teather,’seatyour

mother,becauseyourmotheristoougly.”

(现在分词作宾语补足语)

典型例题

1)Thefirsttextbook___forteachingEnglishasaforeignlanguagecameout

inthe16thcentury.

n

2)What'sthelanguage____inGermany

k

What'sthelanguage(whichis)spokeninGerman

1.现在分词作定语

我们刚刚讲过过去分词作定语,这里再学习现在分词作定语。我们前面曾经将现在分词

和动名词统统称为“动词的ing形式”,这里我们也无需过细地去分析它们的区别,大家只

需知道:动词的ing形式首先表示“正在发生着”的动作或行为;其次,要知道它表示的是

主动的含义,不是被动的。

示例1:Themostsurprisingthingaboutit,however,isthatitcanland

anywhere.(surprising作定语,修饰thing)

示例2:Theballwenttowardsapassingboat.(passing作定语,修饰boat)

2.定语从句的继续

定语从句作为一种高级的表达方式,同时作为拉长句子的手段,是一个重点,所以,我

们将不断强化它的运用。同时,我们也接触到了定语从句的简化方式,这里将进行更为系统

化的研究。

请记住:定语从句的简化必须符合一个根本条件:关系代词在定语从句中作主语(作宾

语时可以省略,但不能简化)!如果具备了这个条件,便可以进行简化,而且,简化后的形

式在语言表达的水平上被视为高于定语从句。

再请记住:符合简化条件的定语从句是这样简化的:如果定语从句的谓语动词中有be

动词的各种形式,那么,砍掉关系代词和be动词的各种形式就完成了;如果定语从句的谓

语动词中没有be动词的各种形式,那么,需要把谓语动词变为ing形式。

示例1:TheWayleisasmallriverwhich/thatcutsacrosstheparknearmyhome.(由

下面两句话合并而来:acrosstheparknearmyhome.)

简化方式:TheWayleisasmallrivercuttingacrosstheparknearmyhome.

示例2:Thereweresomepeoplerowingontheriver.(划线部分作somepeople的

定语,本身就是简化式,我们可以把它还原为从句)

从句形式:Thereweresomepeoplewhowererowingontheriver.

示例3:Somepeopleonthebankcalledouttothemanintheboat.

从句形式:Somepeopleonthebankcalledouttothemanwhowasintheboat.

PartIII:综合训练

TheWayleisasmallriver(1)(2sit)

(3)theWayle(4)armlastSunday,(5)Iwent(6)sat(7)

theriverbank(8)ildrenwereplayinggames(9)thebank(10)there

weresomepeople(11)wererowing(12)ly,oneofthechildrenkicked

aball(13)hard(14)itwenttowardsa(15pass)ople(16)thebank

calledout(17)theman(18)theboat,(19)l(20strike)

theman(21)hard(22)henearlyfell(23)turnedtolookatthe

children,(24)thereweren’tany(25)sight.(26see)(27)theballhadstruckthe

man(28)theboat,laughed(29)herealizedwhathad

edout(30)thechildren(31)(32throw)theballback(33)the

bank.

答案:

(1)ittingbytheWayleonfine

afternoons.

同位语

非限制

vercutsacrosstheparknearmyhome.

定语从句非谓语

ndsatontheriverbankasusual.

独立主格

peoplewererowingontheriver.

ly,towardsa

passingboat.

othear

them.

lyfellintothewater.

eren’tanyinsight.

lran

away.

izedwhathadhappened.

wtheballbacktothebank.

答案:

leisasmallriverbywhichIlikesittingonfineafternoons.

ittingbyasmallriverwhichcutsacrosstheparknearmyhome.

armlastSunday,soIwentandsatontheriverbankasusual.

ildrenwereplayinggamesonthebankandthereweresomepeoplewho

wererowingontheriver.

ly,oneofthechildrenkickedaballsohardthatitwenttowardsa

passingboat.

opleonthebankcalledouttothemanintheboat,buthedidnot

hearthem.

lstruckthemansohardthathenearlyfellintothewater.

turnedtolookatthechildren,butthereweren’tanyinsight.

thattheballhadstruckthemanintheboat,theyallranaway.

laughedwhenherealizedwhathadhappened.

edouttothechildrenandthrewtheballbacktothebank.

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