
分词做定语
顺辉陶瓷-蟹饲料
2023年2月22日发(作者:照相机发明)过去分词作定语
1.单个过去分词作定语,通常前置
a.及物动词的过去分词,具有被动和完成的意义。
abrokencup
awoundedsoldier
anunexpectedguest
theexcitedcrowd
b.不及物动词的过去分词,具有主动和完成意义。
aretiredofficer
C.合成的过去分词
amuch-neededreform
state-ownedenterprises
2.过去分词短语作定语:通常后置,其作用相当于定语从句。
aletterwritteninpencil
=aletterwhichwaswritteninpencil
themachinesproducedlastyear
过去分词与现在分词的区别:
1语态不同:现在分词表示主动,及物动词的过去分词表示被动
注:不及物动词的过去分词只有“完成”含义,而不表示被动
Thefallingleavesthefallenleaves
2时间关系不同:现在分词作定语,多表示“动作正在
进行”或“与谓语同时进行”或“经常性”。
过去分词作定语,则多表示分词动作“先于位于动词表
示的动作”或“没有一定的时间性”
youknowtheboy____(lie)underthebigtree
2.“Can’tyouread”Marysaidangrily____(point)to
thenotice.
3Thewoman_____(sell)vegetableshasgone.
wheatiswateredbywater_____(bring)fromapond.
eader________(respect)bythepeople.
3及物动词的过去分词(done)与现在分词的被动式
(beingdone)都可以表示“被动”,但前者多表示一个
完成了的动作,而后者则表示一个正在进行的动作.
theproblemdiscussedyesterday
Theproblembeingdiscussed
dinthehouse__builtbymyuncles
________________
(我舅舅们修建的).
icine___taken_____(服用)withoutthe
adviceofadoctorcancausetrouble.
ttwohoursdiscussingtheplan__madebyher
__
______________(她制定的).
4._____________(开水)
5.________________(一个破碎的茶杯)
____________________(受伤的士兵)
thepeople__invitedtotheparty
_________________
(被邀请参加宴会的)werefamousscientists.
s____learnedeasily
_________(易学的)aresoon
forgotten.
**____Easily-learned
_________(易学的)lessonsaresoon
forgotten.
putercenter____opened/started
_____________
(开办)lastweekispopularwiththestudents.
ofdailygoods___throughacomputercanbelowerthansomestoreprices.
h,____ofthe___speech,startedtoreadanovel.
;;bored
;;boring
分词
分词作定语
分词作状语
连词+分词(短语)
分词作补语
分词作表语
分词作插入语
分词的时态
分词的语态
1分词作定语
分词前置
Wecanseetherisingsun.我们可以看到东升的旭日
Heisaretiredworker.他是位退休的工人
分词后置(i.分词词组;ii.个别分词如given,left;iii.)
Therewasagirlsittingthere.有个女孩坐在那里
Thisisthequestiongiven.这是所给的问题
过去分词作定语
与其修饰的词是被动关系,相当于一个被动语态的定语从句。
Mostofthepeopleinvitedtothepartywerefamousscientists.
MostoftheartistsinvitedtothepartywerefromSouthAfrica.
liveonasmallisland
veeatenupalltheanimals,plantsandvegetables,
sotheywanttoeateverything.(过去分词作后置定语)
ly
ard,“help,help.”Theysawabeautiful
utedhappily,“daddy,wehavefoodnow.”Then
thefathersaid,“no,no,no,don’teather,’seatyour
mother,becauseyourmotheristoougly.”
(现在分词作宾语补足语)
典型例题
1)Thefirsttextbook___forteachingEnglishasaforeignlanguagecameout
inthe16thcentury.
n
2)What'sthelanguage____inGermany
k
What'sthelanguage(whichis)spokeninGerman
1.现在分词作定语
我们刚刚讲过过去分词作定语,这里再学习现在分词作定语。我们前面曾经将现在分词
和动名词统统称为“动词的ing形式”,这里我们也无需过细地去分析它们的区别,大家只
需知道:动词的ing形式首先表示“正在发生着”的动作或行为;其次,要知道它表示的是
主动的含义,不是被动的。
示例1:Themostsurprisingthingaboutit,however,isthatitcanland
anywhere.(surprising作定语,修饰thing)
示例2:Theballwenttowardsapassingboat.(passing作定语,修饰boat)
2.定语从句的继续
定语从句作为一种高级的表达方式,同时作为拉长句子的手段,是一个重点,所以,我
们将不断强化它的运用。同时,我们也接触到了定语从句的简化方式,这里将进行更为系统
化的研究。
请记住:定语从句的简化必须符合一个根本条件:关系代词在定语从句中作主语(作宾
语时可以省略,但不能简化)!如果具备了这个条件,便可以进行简化,而且,简化后的形
式在语言表达的水平上被视为高于定语从句。
再请记住:符合简化条件的定语从句是这样简化的:如果定语从句的谓语动词中有be
动词的各种形式,那么,砍掉关系代词和be动词的各种形式就完成了;如果定语从句的谓
语动词中没有be动词的各种形式,那么,需要把谓语动词变为ing形式。
示例1:TheWayleisasmallriverwhich/thatcutsacrosstheparknearmyhome.(由
下面两句话合并而来:acrosstheparknearmyhome.)
简化方式:TheWayleisasmallrivercuttingacrosstheparknearmyhome.
示例2:Thereweresomepeoplerowingontheriver.(划线部分作somepeople的
定语,本身就是简化式,我们可以把它还原为从句)
从句形式:Thereweresomepeoplewhowererowingontheriver.
示例3:Somepeopleonthebankcalledouttothemanintheboat.
从句形式:Somepeopleonthebankcalledouttothemanwhowasintheboat.
PartIII:综合训练
TheWayleisasmallriver(1)(2sit)
(3)theWayle(4)armlastSunday,(5)Iwent(6)sat(7)
theriverbank(8)ildrenwereplayinggames(9)thebank(10)there
weresomepeople(11)wererowing(12)ly,oneofthechildrenkicked
aball(13)hard(14)itwenttowardsa(15pass)ople(16)thebank
calledout(17)theman(18)theboat,(19)l(20strike)
theman(21)hard(22)henearlyfell(23)turnedtolookatthe
children,(24)thereweren’tany(25)sight.(26see)(27)theballhadstruckthe
man(28)theboat,laughed(29)herealizedwhathad
edout(30)thechildren(31)(32throw)theballback(33)the
bank.
答案:
(1)ittingbytheWayleonfine
afternoons.
同位语
非限制
vercutsacrosstheparknearmyhome.
定语从句非谓语
ndsatontheriverbankasusual.
独立主格
peoplewererowingontheriver.
ly,towardsa
passingboat.
othear
them.
lyfellintothewater.
eren’tanyinsight.
lran
away.
izedwhathadhappened.
wtheballbacktothebank.
答案:
leisasmallriverbywhichIlikesittingonfineafternoons.
ittingbyasmallriverwhichcutsacrosstheparknearmyhome.
armlastSunday,soIwentandsatontheriverbankasusual.
ildrenwereplayinggamesonthebankandthereweresomepeoplewho
wererowingontheriver.
ly,oneofthechildrenkickedaballsohardthatitwenttowardsa
passingboat.
opleonthebankcalledouttothemanintheboat,buthedidnot
hearthem.
lstruckthemansohardthathenearlyfellintothewater.
turnedtolookatthechildren,butthereweren’tanyinsight.
thattheballhadstruckthemanintheboat,theyallranaway.
laughedwhenherealizedwhathadhappened.
edouttothechildrenandthrewtheballbacktothebank.