fly的过去式和过去分词

fly的过去式和过去分词

-效应原理

**

构成

1．规则动词：规则动词的过去分词的构成规则与规则动词的过去式的构成规则相同。

四点变化规则：

(1)一般动词，在词尾直接加“-ed”。（然而要注意的是，过去分词并不是过去式）

work---worked---worked,visit---visited---visited

(2)以不发音的“e”结尾的动词，只在词尾加“d”。

live---lived---lived

(3)以“辅音字母+y”结尾的动词，将"y"变为"i"，再加“-ed”。

study—studied—studied,cry—cried—cried,try—tried—tried,fry—fried—fried.

(4)重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母（r、y、x除外），先双写该辅音字母，

再加“-ed”。

stop—stopped—stopped,drop—dropped—dropped

特例：有两类动词本身应该直接加“ed”，但由于历史习惯，依旧要

双写最后一个字母，再加“ed”。以“元音字母+l”非重读结尾的规则动词变

过去分词也要双写“l",再加“ed”。例如cancel→cancelled，dial→dialled。

另外还有一些以非重读闭音节结尾的规则动词变过去分词也要双写最后一个辅

音字母,再加“ed”。例如：kidnap→kidnapped，worship→worshipped。

而上述两种情况在美国一般却直接加“ed”。

AAA型

**

即原形、过去式和过去分词三者都相同。（共9个）

cost—cost—costcut—cut—cuthit—hit—hithurt—hurt—hurtlet—let—let

put—put—putread—read—read(read的原形和过去式、过去分词读音不同)

set-set-setshut-shut-shut

ABB型

过去式、过去分词相同。（共42个）

1．过去式和过去分词都含有-ought。（4个）

bring—brought—brought

buy—bought—bought

think—thought—thought

fight—fought—fought

2．词尾有-ild，-end时，只需把d变为t。（4个）

build—built—built

lend—lent—lent

send—sent—sent

spend—spent—spent

3．过去式、过去分词都含有-aught。（2个）

catch—caught—caught

teach—taught—taught

**

4．把-eep、-eel变为-ept、-elt。（4个）

keep—kept—kept

sleep—slept—slept

sweep—swept—swept

feel—felt—felt

5．把-ell变为-old。（2个）

tell—told—told

sell—sold—sold

6．把-ell、-ill变为-elt或-ilt。（3个）

smell—smelt—smelt

spell—spelt—spelt

spill—spilt—spilt

7．把-eed、-ead、-eet变为-ed或-et。（4个）

feed—fed—fed

lead—led—led

speed—sped—sped

meet—met—met

8．过去式、过去分词都在原形词尾加t。（5个）

learn—learnt—learnt

**

mean—meant—meant

spoil—spoilt—spoilt

burn—burnt—burnt

dream—dreamt—dreamt

9．过去式、过去分词词尾去y变-id（4个）

say—said—said

pay—paid—paid

lay—laid—laid

hear—heard—heard

10．改变元音字母。（12个）

meet—met—met

feed—fed—fed

get—got—got

sit—sat—sat

find—found—found

hold—held—held

spit—spat—spat

shine—shone—shone

win—won—won

**

hang—hung—hung

dig—dug—dug

lose—lost—lost

11．改变辅音字母。（4个）

make—made—made

build—built—built

send—sent—sent

spend—spent—spent

12．改变元、辅音字母。（4个）

leave—left—left

stand—stood—stood

have/has—had—had

understand—understood—understood

ABC型

原形、过去式、过去分词都不相同。（共39个）

1．i—a—u变化。（7个）

begin—began—begun

drink—drank—drunk

**

sing—sang—sung

ring—rang—rung

swim—swam—swum

sink—sank—sunk

spring—sprang—sprung

2．词尾为-ow，-aw时，过去式将其变为-ew，过去分词在其原形后加n。（5个）

blow—blew—blown

draw—drew—drawn

grow—grew—grown

know—knew—known

throw—threw—thrown（show除外）

3．词尾为“i+辅（1个）+e”，过去式将i变为o，过去分词多在原形后加n，若那

个辅音字母为d或t，须双写d或t后加n。（4个）（give，hide除外）

drive—drove—driven

write—wrote—written

ride—rode—ridden

rise—rose—risen

4．过去分词在过去式后加n。（3个）

wake—woke—woken

**

speak-spoke-spoken

steal-stole-stolen

5．过去分词由过去式加-ten构成。（2个）

get-got-gotten/got

forget—forgot—forgotten

6．过去分词由原形加（e）n构成。（6个）

be—was（were）—been

eat—ate—eaten

fall—fell—fallen

give—gave—given

see—saw—seen

hide—hid—hidden（hid）

7．词尾为-ake时，过去式将其变为-ook，过去分词在原形词后加-n。（2个）

take—took—taken

mistake—mistook—mistaken

8．原形、过去式和过去分词都不相同。（6个）

do—did—done

fly—flew—flown

go—went—gone

**

lie—lay—lain

show—showed—shown

wear—wore—worn

9．词尾为-eak时，过去式将其变为-oke，过去分词在过去式后加-n。（2个）

break—broke—broken

speak—spoke—spoken

10．词中间为“oo+辅（1个）+e”或“ee+辅（1个）+e”，过去式将oo、ee变

为o，过去分词在过去式后加-n。（2个）

choose—chose—chosen

freeze—froze—frozen

AAB型

过去式和原形相同。（1个）

beat—beat—beaten

ABA型

过去分词和原形相同。（共3个）

1.词中间为“o+辅+e”时，过去式将o变为a。（2个）

come—came—come

become—became—become

**

2.u—a—u变化。（1个）

run—ran—run

情态动词型

(除must)

只有原形和过去式，没有过去分词。（共4个）

can—couldmay—mightwill—wouldshall—shouldmust既没有过去式也没有

过去分词

常用过去分词

begin（开始）beganbegun

drink（喝）drankdrunk

ring（铃响）rangrung

sing（唱）sangsung

swim（游泳）swamswum

blow（吹）blewblown

draw（画）drewdrawn

fly（飞）flewflown

grow（生长）grewgrown

know（知道）knewknown

**

throw（投掷）threwthrown

show（出示）showedshown

break（打破）brokebroken

choose（选择）chosechosen

forget（忘记）forgotforgotten(forgot)

speak（说，讲）spokespoken

wake（醒）wokewoken

drive（驾驶）drovedriven

eat（吃）ateeaten

fall（落下）fellfallen

give（给）gavegiven

rise（升高）roserisen

take（取）tooktaken

ride（骑）roderidden

write（写）wrotewritten

do（做）diddone

go（去）wentgone

lie（平躺）laylain

see（看见）sawseen

**

wear（穿）woreworn

不规则的动词

cost（花费）costcost

cut（割）cutcut

hit（打）hithit

hurt（伤害）hurthurt

let（让）letlet

put（放）putput

read（读）readread

其他特殊情况

动词原形过去式过去分词

arisearosearisen

awakeawoke/awakedawoken

bewas/werebeen

bearboreborne(携带)/born(出生)

beatbeatbeaten

becomebecamebecome

beginbeganbegun

**

befallbefellbefallen

bendbentbent

betbetbet

bindboundbound

bitebitbitten/bit

bleedbledbled

blendblendedblent

blessblessedblest

blowblewblown

breakbrokebroken

breedbredbred

bringbroughtbrought

broadcastbroadcast/broadcastedbroadcast/broadcasted

buildbuiltbuilt

burnburnt/burnedburnt/burned

burstburstburst

buyboughtbought

castcastcast

catchcaughtcaught

**

choosechosechosen

cleaveclove/cleftcloven/cleft

clingclungclung

clotheclothed/cladclothed/clad

comecamecome

costcostcost

creepcreptcrept

crowcrowed/crewcrowed

cutcutcut

daredared/durstdared

dealdealtdealt

digdugdug

dodiddone

drawdrewdrawn

dreamdreamt/dreameddreamt/dreamed

drinkdrankdrunk

drivedrovedriven

dwelldweltdwelt

eatateeaten

**

fallfellfallen

feedfedfed

feelfeltfelt

fightfoughtfought

findfoundfound

fleefledfled

flingflungflung

flyflewflown

forbidforbade/forbadforbidden

forecastforecast/forecastedforecast/forecasted

forgetforgotforgotten

forgiveforgaveforgiven

freezefrozefrozen

gainsaygainsaidgainsaid

getgotgotten

gildgilded/giltgilded

girdgirded/girtgirded/girt

givegavegiven

gowentgone

**

gravegravedgraven/graved

grindgroundground

growgrewgrown

hanghung/hangedhung/hanged

havehadhad

hearheardheard

heaveheaved/hovehesved/hove

hidehidhidden

hithithit

holdheldheld

hurthurthurt

keepkeptkept

kneelkneltknelt

knowknewknown

ladeladedladen

laylaidlaid

leadledled

leanleant/leanedleant/leaned

leapleapt/leapedleapt/leaped

**

learnlearnt/learnedlearnt/learned

leaveleftleft

lendlentlent

letletlet

lie(躺)laylain

lie(撒谎)liedlied

lightlit/lightedlit/lighted

loselostlost

makemademade

meanmeantmeant

meetmetmet

meltmeltedmeited/molten

mistakemistookmistaken

misunderstandmisunderstoodmisunderstood

outgrowoutgrewoutgrown

overcomeovercameovercome

overseeoversawoverseen

paypaidpaid

proveprovedproved/proven

**

putputput

quitquitted/quitquitted/quit

readreadread

rendrentrent

rideroderidden

ringrangrung

riseroserisen

riverivedriven/rived

runranrun

sawsawedsawn/sawed

saysaidsaid

seesawseen

seeksoughtsought

sellsoldsold

sendsentsent

setsetset

sewsewedsewn/sewed

shakeshookshaken

shaveshavedshaved/shaven

**

shearshearedsheared/shorn

shedshedshed

shineshoneshone

shoeshodshod

shootshotshot

showshowedshown/showed

shrinkshrank/shrunkshrunk/shrunken

shriveshrove/shrivedshriven/shrived

shutshutshut

singsangsung

sinksank/sunksunk/sunken

sitsatsat

slayslewslain

sleepsleptslept

slideslidslid

slingslungslung

slinkslunkslunk

slitslitslit

smellsmelt/smelledsmelt/smelled

**

smitesmotesmitten

sowsowedsown/sowed

speakspokespoken

speedsped/speededsped/speeded

spellspelt/spelledspelt/spelled

spendspentspent

spillspilt/spilledspilt/spilled

spinspun/spanspun

spitspat/spitspat/spit

spoilspoilt/spoiledspoilt/spoiled

spreadspreadspread

springsprang/sprungsprung

standstoodstood

stavestaved/stovestaved/stove

stealstolestolen

stickstuckstuck

stingstungstung

swearsworesworn

sweepsweptswept

**

swellswelledswollen/swelled

swimswamswum

swingswungswung

taketooktaken

teachtaughttaught

teartoretorn

telltoldtold

thinkthoughtthought

throwthrewthrown

thrustthrustthrust

treadtrodtrodden/trod

upsetupsetupset

wakewoke/wakedwoken/waked

wearworeworn

weavewovewoven

weepweptwept

winwonwon

windwoundwound

workworked/wroughtworked/wrought

**

wringwrungwrung

writewrotewritten