2024年3月23日发(作者：)
翻译
are four major types of education in China :basic education,vocational and technical
education,higher education and adult education.
中国的教育主要有4种类型：基础教育、职业技术教育、高等教育和成人教育。
adult education includes literacy classes,night school education and other forms of
education provided for adults.
成人教育包括扫盲班、夜校教育以及成人所提供的其他类型得教育。
Chinese government is devoting increasing attention to preschool education.
中国政府十分重视学龄前教育。
them express themselves orally and encourage them to get into a good habit of learning.
帮助他们口头表达自己的想法，鼓励他们养成良好的学习习惯。
ology is a source of history,not just a humble auxiliary discipline.
考古学是历史学的一个来源，而不是地位卑微的辅助学科。
logical data are all changes in the material world resulting from human action or,more
succinctly,the fossilized results of human behavior.
考古学的资料就是人类行为所造成的物质文化，更简单地说，是石化了人类的行为。
were,as a group,semiliterate,proud,and stubborn,as dogged in their insistence on their own
way of life as pine roots cracking granite to row.
作为一个整体，他们是半文盲，高傲并且顽固，他们坚持自己的生活方式就像松树根在花岗石上爆缝生长。
outlasted recurrent plagues of smallpox and malaria and a steady progression of natural
accidents.
他们熬过了经常性的天花，疾病等瘟疫及一系列自然灾难。
1.I spent some of the most exciting days of may life working on the eastern shores of Kenya's
Lake Turkana, searching for the fossilized remains of our early ancestors.
我一生中最兴奋的一段时光是再肯尼亚的图尔卡纳湖东岸工作的日子，在哪里寻找我们祖先的遗骨化石。
environment was not too different from the wetter grasslands of Africa today,but it was full
of amazing animals that are now long extinct.
那时的环境与今天非洲湿润的草原并没有太大差别，然而当时草原上生活着大量让人惊奇的动物，却早在很久以前在地球上销声匿迹了。
is estimated that more than 95% of the species that have existed over the past 400 million
years are gone.
据估计过去四亿年间存在的生物种类95%以上已在地球上消失了。
know that the well-being of the human race is tied to the well-being of many other
species,and we can't be sure which species are most important to our own survival.
我们知道人类的幸福安康与许许多多的其他物种繁荣休戚相关，而且我们无法确切地知道哪些物种对于人类的生存是至关重要的。
is part of a person's daily activity cycle.
睡眠是人每天日常活动循环的一部分。
you first drift off into slumber,your eyes will roll about a bit,your temperature will drop
slightly,your muscles will relax,and your breathing will slow and become quite regular.
在你开始昏昏欲睡时，你的眼球会转动几下，体温略有下降，肌肉放松，呼吸变得缓慢而有节奏。
3.A critical factor that plays a part in susceptibility to colds is age.
年龄是人们是否易患感冒的，一个重要因素。
s are the most cold-ridden group,averaging more than six colds in their first
have more colds than girls up to age three.
婴儿期是最易感冒的时期，从出生到一岁平均至少感冒六次，在三周岁前，男孩比女孩感冒次数要多。
growing interest of consumers in the safety and nutritional quality of the typical North
American diet is a welcome development.
北美的消费者们越来越关注他们的日常饮食是否安全和有营养。
gh most of those claims are not supported by scientific evidence,the preponderance of
written material advancing such claims makes it difficult for the general public to separate fact
from fiction.
尽管这些说法多数未被科学家证实，但是由于大量文章支持这一观点，使得普通群众难辨真伪。
thing that most organically grown food products seem to have in common is that they cost
more than conventionally grown foods.
大多数绿色食品有一个共同点，即它们的价格高于以常规方式种植的食物。
there is real cause for concern if consumers particularly those with limited incomes,distrust
the regular food supply and buy only expensive organic foods instead.
如果消费者们，尤其是那些收入有限的消费者们，怀疑传统食品而只购买更昂贵的绿色食品，那就值得担忧了。
city of Machida,Japan,is finding some new ways to solve the problem of what to do with the
large amounts of wastes or garbage produced by modern society.
日本的町田市找到了一些新方法来解决现代社会产生的大量废物或垃圾处理问题。
3,000,000 persons live in Machida,and they produce about 220 tons of garbage each day.
现在町田居住着300万人，他们每天会制造220吨垃圾。
solve this problem,they built a 300-million-dollar waste treatment center that opened in 1984.
为解决这一问题，他们建立了耗资3亿美元的垃圾处理中心，并于1984年投入使用。
ns of Machida separate their garbage into different kinds first:reusable,polluting poisonous
and that which will burn or that which will not burn.
町田市市民首先要把垃圾分为不同种类：即可再次使用类、污染类、有毒类以及可燃烧类或不可燃烧类。
advantages are obvious--robots can do things humans just don't want to do,and they are
usually more cost effective.
机器人的优点是显而易见的，它们可以做人类不愿做的事，而且往往比较经济实惠。
,as with any machine,a robot can break down and even cause disaster.
然而，就像其他的任何机器人一样，机器人也会出故障，甚至造成灾难。
one will deny that the introduction of modern technology has improved the structure of
society,
无人会否认，现代技术的采用已经改善了社会结构。
farmers could clone their champion cows,making it possible to produce more milk from
smaller herds.
奶场主要可以复制他们的一流奶牛，使少养牛多产牛奶成为可能。
ities around the world organized events to promote awareness of children's health
issues,which included drawing contests for schoolchildren in Vietnam,street plays in India,puppet
shows in Namibia,and professional lectures for policy makers in Germany and elsewhere.
世界各地的团体组织各种各样的活动来提高对儿童健康问题的认识，像在越南举行的学龄儿童的绘画比赛、印度的街头表演、纳米比亚的木偶剧以及在德国及其他一些地方面政策制定者们所做的一些职业讲座。
year the WHO chooses a theme to highlight areas of particular year's
theme,More for Health,focused on promoting physical activity as part of healthy living.
每年世界卫生组织都选择一个主题来强调某一领域的特殊问题。去年的主题是“为健康而行动”，强调了增强体育运动作为健康生活的一部分。
onships in Portugal,Greece,the Netherlands and Scotland are nearly always won by just
two or three clubs.
葡萄牙、希腊、荷兰和苏格兰的锦标赛也经常是两三个俱乐部独占鳌头。
of this has impeded the global popularity of football,which has done far better as an export
industry than America's more equal sports.
这些都没有阻止足球在全球的受欢迎程度，作为一种出口产业，它要比美国更为平等的体育做得更好。
1.A recent poll indicated that half the teenagers in the United States believe that communication
between them and their parents is poor and further that one of the prime causes of this gap is
deficient listening behavior.
最近的一项民意测验现时：美国一半的青少年认为他们与父母的交流不好，而且造成这种隔阂的一个首要原因是有不理想的倾听行为。
was so convinced that she took her to an audiologist to have her ear tested.
她对此确信无疑，于是就带着女儿去听觉病矫治专家那儿检查她的耳朵。
typical pre-industrial family not only had a good many children,but numerous other
dependents as well-grandparents,uncles,aunt and cousins.
工业化之前的典型家庭模式不仅包括许多孩子，而且还有很多其他的家庭成员--祖父母、叔叔、婶婶、堂兄妹等。
rialism demanded masses of workers ready and able to move off the land in pursuit of
jobs,and to move again whenever necessary.
工业化需要大量愿意并能够离开家乡外出寻找工作的工人，而且他们可以根据需要随时流动。
people think that our generation,who have been and are being influenced by both Chinese
and western cultures,seem to be positioned in an embarrassing place,where we can neither deeply
understand Chinese conventional culture nor entirely accommodate to western ways of thinking.
很多人认为同时接受中西文化影响我们这一代人似乎处在一个很尴尬的位置上，既不能深
切地理解中国传统文化，也不能完全适应西方的思维方式。
romance in the Valentine's and the liveliness by the Thanksgiving used to bring us sense of
passion and novelty,but nowadays many of us have been annoyed via such festivals.
如果说情人节的浪漫和感恩节的热闹在几年前会给我们带来新鲜和激情，那么现在，我们当中的许多人已经对这些节日感到无奈和厌烦了。
ne will return home to spend this day with their families.
每个人都要回家和家人一起度过这一天。
this day,people will enjoy delicious foods,and everyone will have fun.
在这一天，人们都会享受到美食，而且都会玩得很高兴。
problem of international tourism has caused wide public concern over the recent years.
近些年，国际旅游的问题引起了广泛的关注。
what these people fail to see is that the international tourism may bring about a disastrous
impact on our environment and local history.
但是这些人忽视了国际旅游可能会给当地环境和历史造成灾难性的影响。
measures must be taken to limit the number of foreign tourists and the great efforts
should be made to protect local environment and history from the harmful effects of international
tourism.
应该采取适当的措施限制外国旅游者的数量，努力保护当地环境和历史不受国际旅游业的不利影响。
uently,the fast rise in number of foreign tourists may eventually lead to the decline of
local tourism.
因此，国外旅游者数量的快速增加可能最终导致当地旅游业的衰败。
an black bears appear in a variety of colors despite their the eastern part of their
range,most of these bears have shiny black fur,but in the west they grow brown,red,or even yellow
coats.
美国黑熊虽然被叫做黑熊但却有各种各样的颜色。在它们生活区域的东部，大部分黑熊长有富有光泽的黑毛，但在西部，它们则长着棕色、红色甚至是黄色的毛。
bears are the smallest of all American bears,ranging in length from five to six
feet,weighing from three hundred to five hundred pounds.
黑熊是所有美洲熊中最小的，5~6英尺高，300~500磅重。
there is such an abundance of food in the sea,it is understandable that some of the
efficient,highly adaptable,warm-blooded mammals-that evolved on land should have returned to
the sea.
既然海洋中有如此丰富的食物，一些原本在陆地生存的高效率的、适应性强的暖血型动物返回海洋生存是不难理解的。
4.A second kind,the seal,has produced what is probably the greatest population of large
carnivorous mammals on Earth.
而另一种哺乳动物海豹，它的数量恐怕是地球上大型食肉哺乳动物中最大的。
or later,we must realize there is no station,no one place to arrive at once and for
true joy of life is the station is only a dream.
我们终究会认识到人生的旅途中并没有车站，也没有能够“一劳永逸”的地方，生活的真正乐趣在于旅行的过程，而车站不过是个梦。
d,climb more mountains,eat more ice cream,go barefoot more often,swim more
rivers,watch more sunsets,laugh more,cry less,Life must be lived as we go station will
come soon enough.
为何不换另一种活法，将更多的高山攀爬，多吃点冰淇淋甜甜嘴巴，经常光着脚板溜达，在更多的河流里畅游，多看看夕阳西下，多点儿欢笑哈哈哈，少让泪水滴答！生活得一边过一边瞧！车站就会很快到达！
be really happy and really safe,one ought to have at least two or three hobbies,and they must
all be real.
要想真正的生活得幸福和平安，一个人至少应该有两三种业余爱好，而且必须是真正的爱好。
y speaking,human beings may be divided into three classes：those who are toiled to
death,those who are worried to death,and those who are bored to death.
广言之，人可以分为三个类别：累死的人，烦死的人和闷死的人。
one can doubt the essential fact that the traffic problem over the last years has caused wide
public concern all over the world.
没有人能否认这一重要事实：最近几年交通问题在全世界受到了普遍关注。
r primary reason is that there seems to be many private cars and not enough public buses.
另一个主要原因是私家车过多而公交车不够。
er,many people,including drivers and cyclists,do not obey the traffic rules
properly,especially at busy intersections.
而且，许多人，包括司机和骑自行车的人，不能很好地遵守交通规则，特别是在繁忙的十字路口。
number of private cars in urban areas should be limited while the number of public buses
should be increased.
在城市私家车的数量应得到控制而公交车数量应该增加。
s of the second generation are museums of industry and technology which display
achievements brought about by industrial civilization in different historical periods.
第二代博物馆属于工业技术博物馆。它所展示的是工业文明带来的各种阶段性成果。
gh those two types of museums play the role of disseminating knowledge,they regard
their visitors only as passive on-lookers.
这两代博物馆虽然起到了传播科学知识的作用，但是，它们把参观者当成了被动的旁观者。
third-generation museums are built upon a completely new rs can operate with
their own hands and observe with their own ,they are brought closer to advanced
scientific and technological achievement and offered an access to the mystery of science and
technology.
世界上第三代博物馆是充满全新理念的博物馆。在这里，参观者可以自己动手操作，亲眼观察。这样，他们可以更加贴近高科技成果，去探索科学技术的奥妙。
Internet has enabled any radio station anywhere to become an international broadcaster with
only a minor gh its sound quality is far from perfect,it excels that of short-wave.
互联网可以使位于世界任何一个地方的广播电台以很小的投资成为一家国际广播站，虽然其声音质量还远不够完美，但已经超过了短波的声音质量。
is much talk these days about the Internet being the "third force in
broadcasting",alongside radio and television.
现在，有不少人都认为，互联网将是与无线电台和电视共存的“广播业的第三股势力”。
is somewhat higher than used to be considered full employment,but it is not a serious
figure in the aggregate.
按以往的标准，这个比例偏高，没有达到充分就业。但就整体来说，问题并不严重。
unemployment problem today is serious in that it most affects black youths,who are not
being brought into the work force.
现在失业问题的严重性在于，它对黑人青年影响很大，他们仍未能加入劳动大军。
takes only a little over two hours to fly from Shanghai to Tokyo and just as much time to
Hangzhou from Beijing.
从上海去东京，只需两个多小时，相当于从北京到杭州的时间。
historical experiences of both China and other countries have once again proved the
culture needs exchanging.
不论是中国的还是是外国的历史经验一再证明，文化需要交流。
h exchange only can we give full play to human wisdom and enjoy the common fruits
of civilization.
只有交流，才能共同去促进人类智慧向着一座又一座高峰发展，并共同享用其成果。
started the Forbes magazine to write about the doers who were doing things,people who
make things happen in business.
他创办了《福布斯》杂志，报道那些实干家，那些改变商业社会的人。
grandfather used to say,the purpose of business is not to pile up millions or billions,but to
produce happiness.
我祖父常说，做生意不是为堆积百万或上亿财富，而是为带来幸福快乐。
first value is the sense of family togetherness;members of multi-generation families are all
there to have a big reunion ne will follow tis custom.
首先，多代同堂的家庭成员齐聚家中享受一顿丰盛的团圆饭，是每个人都会遵守的习惯。
female members are always held responsible for preparing the dinner,and some rich families
may take on extra hands.
准备一顿丰盛晚餐的工作，当然是落在家中女成员的身上，比较富裕的家庭则可能有佣人帮忙。
second value lies in the happy visits mutually made between friends and relatives,a good
way to strengthen kinship and friendship.
其次，亲戚朋友之间也会兴高采烈地互访。这样的欢庆方式，有助于加强亲情和友情。
that,Pearson points out,is only the start of man-machine integration,"It will be the beginning
of the long process of integration that will ultimately lead to a fully electronic human before the
end of the next century.
皮尔森指出，这个突破仅仅是人机一体化的开始：“它是人机一体化漫长之路的第一步，最终会使人们在下世纪末之前就研制出完全电子化的仿真人。”
home appliances will also become so smart that controlling and operating them will result
in the breakout of a new psychological disorder-kitchen rage.
家用电器将会变得如此智能化，一直与控制和操作它们会引发一种新的心理疾病---厨房狂
躁症。
even more important,it was the farthest that scientists had been able to look into the past,for
what they were seeing were the patterns and structures that existed 15 billion years ago.
但更为重要的是，这是科学家们所能观测到的最遥远的过去的景象。因为他们看到的是150亿年前宇宙云的形状和结构。
existence of the giant clouds was virtually required for the Big put forward in the
1920s,to maintain its reign as the dominant explanation of the cosmos.
巨大的宇宙云的存在，实际上是使20世纪20年代首创的大爆炸理论得以保持其对宇宙起源解释的主导地位所不可缺少的。
billions of years,the gas was compressed by gravity into galaxies,stars,planets and
eventually,even humans.
数十亿年来，这种气体受引力的压缩形成星系、恒星、行星、并最终甚至产生人类。
e moves forward,they say,not so much through the insights of great men of genius as
because of more ordinary things like improved techniques and tools.
他们说，科学的发展与其说愿与天才伟人的真知灼见，不如说源于像改进了的技术和工具这种更为普通的事情。
2."The scientific revolution,as we call it,was largely the improvement and invention and use of a
series of instruments that expanded the reach of science in innumerable directions.
我们所谓的科学革命，主要是指一系列器具的改进、发明和使用，这些改进、发明和使用使科学发展的范围无所不及。
the years,tools and technology themselves as a source of fundamental innovation have
largely been ignored by historians and philosophers of science.
工具和技术本身作为根本性创新的源泉，多年来在很大程度上被史学家和科学哲学家们忽视了。
o's greatest glory was that in 1609 he was the first person to turn the newly invented
telescope on the heavens to prove that the planets revolve around the sun rather than around the
Earth.
伽利略的最光辉的业绩在于他在1609年第一个把新发明的望远镜对准太空，已证实行星时围绕太阳旋转，而不是围绕地球旋转。
r the Government should increase the financing of pure science at the expense of
technology or vice versa often depends on the issue of which is seen as the driving force.
政府究竟是以减少对技术的经费投入来增加对纯理论科学的经费投入，还是相反，这往往取决于把哪一方面看做是驱动力量。
will be television chat shows hosted by robots,and cars with pollution monitors that will
disable them when they offend.
届时，将出现由机器人主持的电视谈话节目以及装有污染监控器的汽车，一旦这些汽车排污超标，监控器就会使其停止行驶。
en will play with dolls equipped with personality chips,computers with in-built
personalities will be regarded as workmates rather than tools,relaxation will be in front of
smell-television,and digital age will have arrived.
孩子们将与装有个性芯片的玩具娃娃玩耍，具有个性内置的计算机将被视为工作伙伴而不是工具，人们将在气味电视机前休闲，届时数字化时代就来到了。
modern conditions,this requires varying measures of centralized control and hence the
help of specialized scientists such as economists and operational research experts.
在现代条件下，这需要程度不同的中央控制，从而就需要获得诸如经济学和运筹学等领域专家的协助。
rmore,it is obvious that the strength of a country's economy is directly bound up with the
efficiency of its agriculture and industry,and that this in turn rests upon the efforts of scientists and
technologists of all kinds.
再者，显而易见的是一个国家的经济实力与其工农业生产效率密切相关，而效率的提高则又有赖于各种科技人员的努力。
also means that governments are increasingly compelled to interfere in these sectors in order
to step up production and ensure that it is utilized to the best advantage.
这就意味着，各种政府得越来越多地干预这些部门以便提高产量并确保得到最好的利用。
