2024年3月22日发(作者：)
音标入门讲解
一、元音
（一）单元音
（1）前元音：[ i: ] [ i ] [ e ] [ æ ]
[ i: ]
发音组合: e ee ea ie ei
代表单词: me he we even
[ i ]
发音组合: i
代表单词: sit bit kick pick
bee feel breeze deep free
wish
seat beat lead tea eat reason
grief believe achieve
receive conceive
音标对比: [ i: ] [ i ]
seat sit
beat bit
sheep ship
[ e ]
[æ]
发音组合: e ea a
发音组合: a
代表单词：pen ten best beg egg net
代表单词: cap map bad
bread heaven
bank thank lamp
marry any many
音标对比： [ i ] [ e ]
音标对比: [e] [æ]
sit set
beg bag
lift left
met mat
did dead
bed bad
（2）中元音：[ə:] [ə]
[ə: ]
[ə ]
发音组合：or ir er ur ear
发音组合：a er or
代表单词：work worker worm
代表单词：appear arise again
bird dirt affirm
alike a man a pen
term
teacher mother
burn surf
brother driver anger
pearl learn
doctor actor tutor
famous jealous
1
mad
（3）后元音:
[a:] [ʌ] [u:] [u] [ɔ:] [ɔ]
[a:]
发音组合：ar ear al
代表单词：far dark hart farm garden bar
heart
half
音标对比：[a:] [ʌ]
fast fun
hart but
card cut
[u:]
发音组合：oo o ou u
代表单词：food fool boom cool pool shoot
tomb group
blue clue rule truth conclude
音标对比: [u:] [u]
foot food
boot book
cool could
[ɔ:]
发音组合：a oo aw ou ore au or ar
代表单词：talk ball hall call
door floor
law saw
bought fought thought tought
before ignore
caught naughty nautical
force born sort
warn
2
[ʌ]
发音组合：u o
代表单词：up cut but bus luck
butter
monk onion
[u]
发音组合：oo u ou
代表单词：foot good cook took
pull full bull
should
[ɔ]
发音组合：o
代表单词：ox on not cop rot
hot lot
音标对比：[ɔ:] [ɔ]
sort dog
tort nod
short shop
（二）双元音
（1）合口双元音为:
[ei] [ai] [ɔɪ] [au] [əu]
[ei]
发音组合：ei a ai ay
代表单词：eight
cake fate snake lake make name
paid main
音标对比：[æ] [ei] [ e ]
at eight bed
bat bade set
lab late pen
day may
sand
[ai]
音标对比：[ æ ] [发音组合：y i uy
bat
代表单词：cry dry my
back
kite high bike tight fine time
lamp
buy guy
sack
[ɔɪ]
发音组合：oy oi
音标对比：[ɔɪ ] [代表单词：toy boy loyal
boy
noise voice point soil coin
toy
spoil
[au]
发音组合：ou ow
音标对比：[au] [代表单词：house sound out noun
now
bow town now tower
cow
sound
[əu]
发音组合：o ow oa
音标对比：[au] [代表单词：host nose tone hole note
how
bowl know low own
loud
boat coat
3
same hen
ai]
bite
bike
line
sign
ɔ]
boss
top
stop
ai]
night
kite
side
əu]
hole
load
（2）集中双元音为：[iə] [ɛə] [uə]
[iə]
发音组合：eer ear ere
代表单词：beer deer
hear near fear
here
音标对比：[iə] [il]
here hill
fear feel
dear deal
[ɛə]
发音组合：air ear are ere
代表单词：hair fair air chair
bear swear
dare hare
there
音标对比：[ɛə] [aiə]
hair hire
fare fire
spare spire
[uə]
发音组合：oor ure our
代表单词：poor
lure sure
tour
音标对比：[uə] [əu]
poor post
sure sold
lure load
二、辅音
（一）爆破音:
[ p ] [ b ] [ t ] [ d ] [ k ] [ g ]
[ p ]
发音组合：p
代表单词：pay pipe put pie peach
sport speed spend
[ b ]
发音组合：b
代表单词：bird bed bag big buy bake
bill bear book
[ t ]
发音组合：t
[ d ]
发音组合：d
代表单词：tea teacher team tare tank tip
代表单词：do did does deer
it meet cat fate tent boat
student stand stick
4
date dig doom
need bed climbed
[ k ]
发音组合：c k ck
代表单词：cake car can cat come
kite sky keep
pick back
[ g ]
发音组合：g
代表单词：geese go gap get
big bag beg
（二）摩擦音: [ f ] [ v ] [θ] [ð] [ʃ] [ʒ]
[ s ] [ z ] [ h] [ r]
[ f ]
[ v ]
发音组合：f ph
发音组合：v
代表单词：five first life fine fat fail fair fall
代表单词：vote vine vat vail
telephone phonetics photo
very vase
leave five
[θ]
发音组合：th
代表单词：think teeth thick theme thank
both tooth truth fifth mouth faith
音标对比：[θ] [ð]
thick this
theme than
teeth they
death these
[ð]
发音组合：th
代表单词：this that these those
then than though
[ʃ]
发音组合：sh s ss ch
代表单词：ship fish sheet sheep dish
sure ensure
assure
machine
5
[ʒ]
发音组合：s
代表单词：pleasure usual leisure
measure
[ s ]
发音组合：s c
代表单词：seem set seek say see
books dense mouse cups
face ice race price
[ h ]
发音组合：h wh (wh 在元音字母o前才发此音)
代表单词：hot home house horse hate high
whole who whose whom
（三）破擦音:
[tʃ] [dʒ] [tr] [dr] [ts] [dz]
[ tʃ]
发音组合：ch
代表单词：cheap child chest choke check
catch watch
音标对比：[ t] [ʃ]
cheap ship
chose shoes
catch cash
[ tr ]
发音组合：tr
代表单词：tree treat trip train tram
音标对比: [ tr ] [ dr ]
tree dream
try dry
treat dream
6
[ z ]
发音组合：z s
代表单词：zoo prize zeal
raise knees eyes
[ r ]
发音组合：r wr
代表单词：race red rice rain right
free fry pray
wrong write
[dʒ]
发音组合：j g dg
代表单词：jeep joke jew juice
gin change
jodge judge
音标对比：[tʃ] [dʒ]
charge judge
choice join
match page
[ dr ]
发音组合: dr
代表单词: dream drag draw drink
children
[ ts ]
发音组合：ts
代表单词：sits seats mates peasants parents
[ dz ]
发音组合：ds
代表单词：needs seeds spends
音标对比：[ ts] [ dz ] [ z ] [ dz ]
bets beds boys boards
seats seeds gloves grounds
nets needs stares stands
（四）鼻辅音:
[ m ] [ n ] [ ŋ ]
[ŋ]
发音组合：ng n
代表单词：sing song singer king thing
ink sink thank tank
音标对比： [ m ] [ n ]
home stone
theme thin
ment net
[ m ]
发音组合：m
代表单词：some come dime
mother map moon
[ n ]
发音组合：n
代表单词：noon nose note not no nothing
moon soon son gun thin run dine gain
（五）舌边音:
[ l ]
发音组合: l
代表单词：清晰音[ l ] let lad late laid leap lap
代表单词：含糊音[ l ] deal tell belt sale table
（六）半元音: [ w ] [ j ]
[ w ]
发音组合：w wh
代表单词：wait west way wet will wide
wheel what why when where while
音标对比：[ w ] [ v ]
wet vet
winter inventure
world voice
women visit
7
[ j ]
发音组合：y
代表单词：year yes yet yard young you
音标对比：[ i: ] [ j ]
eat yet
east yes
eager yard
补充：元音字母a, e, i, o, u在重读音节中的一般读音规则：
a e i o
u
重读开音节：[ ei ] [ i: ] [ ai ] [ əu ] [ju:] [u:]
重读闭音节：[ æ ] [ e ] [ i ] [ ɔ ] [ ʌ ]
[ u ]
注意：除了符合读音规则的词以外，还有一些词是例外的，需要逐个记忆。
重读开音节：一个辅音加e结尾的单词, 元音字母a ,e ,i ,o ,u 经常发长音
如: cake theme bike close consume
重读闭音节：元音字母a ,e ,i ,o ,u 经常发短音
如: have bed sit love bus
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