2024年3月3日发(作者：)
初三英语语法专题讲座之三名词（English grammar lecture three
NOUN）
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Three of English lectures in junior middle school:
noun
First, review the main points. In the previous project, we
reviewed the usage of the article
Review the nouns, we will review the nouns from the following
aspects: 1. countable nouns; 2. uncountable nouns; 3. case of
nouns; 4. modifier noun noun noun; 5. 6. sentence two points,
strategies and skills review 1. countable nouns is that people
understand the basic vocabulary used things the specific name,
it is mainly used to indicate a person or thing, also can be
used to refer to abstract concepts such as book (Book), teacher
(teacher), snow (snow), Beijing (Beijing), home (home) and so
on. Divided into common nouns and proper nouns, nouns refer to
a class of ordinary people that things matter, these nouns
generally do not specifically refer to one specific thing,
common noun into countable nouns and uncountable nouns, we see
now is a countable noun. In English can use 1, 3 digital
calculation of the word is a countable noun, countable 2. Is
usually a noun Body nouns, such as a boy (a boy), a family (a
collective noun, countable family) must have a head or tail in
the sentence, the head is a, one, an or a possessive pronoun;
the tail is plural, that is to say, a countable noun in a
sentence without to use the singular plural. We first review
the rules of the plural form changes. Special note: in the
following general rules at the same time, there are some
exceptions: (1) to -f or -fe at the end of term direct -s common
are: Belief - beliefs - griefs - proof belief grief proofs sad
evidence chief - chiefs - Roof - gulfs Bay chief Gulf roofs roof
Handkerchief has two kinds of plural forms: handkerchiefs and
handkerchieves. (2) on the part of plural -o at the end of the
two forms, which can be combined with -s can also add -es. cargo
- cargos/cargoes volcano - volcanos/volcanoes motto volcano
goods - mottos/mottoes - zeros/ zeroes 0 proverbs zero
(3) direct plus -s. as ending in a consonant + -y noun plural
forms: Marys, Henrys et al. (4) some of the letters. When the
need to add -'s. to this point is usually very rare, should pay
special attention to it. are three a's in the word
"banana". There are three A. in the in a word banana
One
Irregular Foreign Plurals
Two
The plural forms of countable nouns have no rules. The irregular
plural forms are mainly as follows:
English plural special in many nouns have a plural form is very
special, there are several situations as follows: (1) the
collective noun: collective nouns cannot use specific digital
modification, collective nouns below, cannot use a, one, two
and other modifications, only in its pre the said "
"The police the French. Special note:" Chinese "expression: a
Chinese two Chinese a Japanese two Japanese (police refers to
all police (French) the English the refers to all the French)
Swiss English (refers to all Swiss (British) refers to all
Swiss)
An Australian - two Australians a Frenchman two Frenchmen I'm
Chinese. can be said to also can say I'm a Chinese. I'm English.
or I'm an can be said to English boy. but can not say that the
words similar to I'm an English. in the middle stage of what
we learn is that English and French. expression in some
collective nouns can be modified by changing the specific
figures a policeman. A police two British girl two policewomen
two French boys two female police
两个英国女孩（2）复合名词
两个法国男孩
一位女教师女教师长大成人成人
女教师
一个英国人，英国人英国男子
路人甲路人过路人
三
一个姐夫姐夫内兄，内弟，小叔，大伯注意：注意：男人，女人作定语修饰复数时，需变为复数形式。而女孩，男孩作定语修饰复数时则不变。两个男医生两位男医生三女生三名女学生
（3）同时具有两种复数形式：有的名词当具有不同的含义时，其相应的复数形式也不相同。①一分钱一分钱有两种复数形式，当作”便士”的价值讲时复数为便士，当作”便士”的个数讲时复数为便士。②作品表示工厂时，无单复数变化，但表示”著作”时单数为工作，复数为作品。鲁迅化工厂③鱼鱼指”鱼”的条数时，其复数形式为鱼工作，作”鱼”的种类讲时复数为鱼。指餐桌上的”鱼肉”时为不可数名词。两鱼④人作”人们”讲时是集体名词，作”民族”讲时其复数形式为人民。两人两个人两国人民两个民族两条鱼两种不同的鱼两种鱼一部鲁迅的作品一家化工厂两鲁迅作品的两个化工厂两部鲁迅的作品两便士两便士四便士四个便士
两家化工厂
人和人的区别：的区别：人本身是集体名词，作复数用。”一个人”的表达法为：人，一不可以说一人。”三个人”可表达为三人或三人，前者常指群体，后者常指个体。另外人作”民族”讲时是可数名词。（4）只有复数形式，没有单数形式：有些词只有复数形式，但不能被具体数字修饰。裤子衣服裤子衣服短裤短裤货物商品眼镜眼镜袜子短袜
注意：这类名词不能用具体的数字修饰。如不能说两条裤子，但可以说许多裤子，注意：两条裤子等。2。不可数名词
四
英语中不可数名词的形式比较复杂，在不同的语境下，有些不可数名词表示不同的概念，从而表现出可数与不可数的区别。（1）常见的不可数名词：不可数名词一般只有单数形式，没有复数形式。专有名词，物质名词，抽象名词在一般情况下为不可数名词。如：专有名词：英国广播公司英国广播公司物质名词：牛奶牛奶抽象名词：有趣的乐事气汽油善良善良Mark Twain马可吐温西湖轻光风风进步进步西湖
幸福幸福
注意：注意：因为汉语的数是用量词来表达的，而英语中常用名词的复数形式来表达数，故只凭汉语中对某一名词数的概念无法判断此词在英语中是否可数。如汉语中表达”一则消息”，而英语中需要用新闻表示，而不是新闻。①有些不可数的物质名词有复数形式，但表达不同意义。茶茶-茶-茶-茶一杯茶两两杯茶不同种类的茶
啤酒啤酒咖啡咖啡食品食品
啤酒一杯啤酒-两瓶啤酒两杯啤酒咖啡一杯咖啡
食品各种各样的食品水果各种各样的水果玻璃一个玻璃杯眼镜眼镜，玻璃杯
水果水果玻璃玻璃—
②有些物质名词的复数形有特殊的含义。下雨大量的雨水，多场雨水域大片水域下雪大量的雪，雪堆，多场雪树林树林风多场风
金沙沙堆，沙丘
专有名词：专有名词：专有名词一般视为不可数名词，有时也可用作
可数名词，前面可用/，也可有复数形式。我多么想成为一个Thomas
Edison。我是多么想成为一个托马斯爱迪生式的人物啊！一个迪克要求见你。一个叫狄克的人要求见你。
抽象名词：抽象名词表示具体事物时，变为可数名词，前面可用/，也可有复数形式，抽象名词：表示”某种人或事”。常见的这类名词有：可惜遗憾的人或事物快乐令人感到高兴的人或事破坏惊喜失败的人或事令人感到惊讶的人或事
五
死亡死者成功安慰成功的人或事令人感到安慰的人或事
担心令人感到烦恼的人或事
美美人或美丽的事物羡慕令人羡慕的人或事麻烦令人感到麻烦的人或事欢乐令人高兴的人或事物羞耻令人感到可耻的人或事物
不知道令人感到疑惑的人或事物冲击令人感到吃惊的人或事后悔令人感到遗憾的人或事危险令人感到危险的人或事
荣誉令人感到荣耀的人或事
玛丽是我们班的光荣。玛丽是我们全班的骄傲。你给了我们所有的惊喜。常用必背：常用必背：常见的不可数名词有：你把我们大家吓了一跳。
③不可数名词如果一定要表示单数或复数形式时，要借助于可数名词，构成的结构。一杯茶，一块面包，一袋大米，一块音乐新闻的一块布一块肉一个忠告一点面包一杯茶一块面包一袋子米一段乐曲一则新闻一块布一块肉一条建议一点面包片
六
两杯茶，四片面包，两公斤大米，一支粉笔，一张纸，一块工作，一片面包。
两杯茶四块面包两公斤米一支粉笔一张纸一份工作一块面包一件日用品
日常用品
这时词的变化，全在前面的可数名词上。△这时词的变化，全在前面的可数名词上。④可以修饰不可数名词的词和短语：一点有一些多一些很多一些小几乎没有一点有一点很多
一个很好的协议很多任何一些（用于否定句和疑问句）一些糖一点水
大量
很多大量的，充足的足够的时间足够的时间
如：一些糖
一点水
⑤注意不可数名词在句子中谓语用单数形式。如：有（是）杯里有一些牛奶。3。名词的格名词的格分为主格，宾格和所有格名词的主格和宾格相同，一般就是名词本身。名词的所有格是表示名词的所属关系的形式，名词所有格的构成有的所有格，对所有格和双重所有格三种形式。
(1):'s's possessive possessive form is the most commonly used
form of a noun all relationships in English.'s's a sample Dick's
hobby Dick sounds like Philip's part-time job Philip's
part-time job in voiced consonants or vowels after reading [z]
Mary's wishes Bob's backpack Bob Marie's wish to read the bus's
enharmonic backpack the mirror bus in the Marx's advice on how
to mirror, study English Marx for advice on how to learn English
if the noun has to -s or to maintain the original word
pronunciation invariant plural word -es at the end of the tail,
and directly in the plural plural nouns followed by an
apostrophe 'not for -s at the end of the final phase of
children's time children pronunciation the time noun directly
in special usage followed by's's men's clothes with the
possessive form of men's clothing my Parents'hope, my parents'
hope, these, factories', workers, the workers in these
factories
Under the general situation, the noun in voiceless consonants
read after [s] plus suffix's
Seven
Two or more people share the same thing, only change the last
noun suffix, as if all their endings are all nouns, John and
Susan's father changes. John and Susan's father (two common
father)
Please compare the John's and Susan's fathers.: (two
individuals of different North Korea's Japan's and father),
America's problems, North Korea, Japan and America's problems
that time, distance, country, location, natural phenomena,
personification and other inanimate nouns all have's lattice
representation of time: two days'trip two today's newspaper ten
minutes' day trip to drive in today's newspaper ten minutes
Distance: two hours'walk said the two hour journey on foot:
China's weather Chinese said National Weather location: the
city's parks said the city park said: the earth's air said the
natural phenomenon: the world's people a
South Korea's problems South Korea's problem Beijing's streets
Beijing Street moonlight cat emotion
The earth's atmosphere the moon's light the world people the
cat's feeling
Sometimes, in order to avoid duplication, if one is too
possessive modifier has been mentioned above, or two noun
possessive modified the same words can often omit the second
noun possessive. It's not Jane's mistake but Jack's (mistake).
This is not Jenny's fault, but the fault of Jack Whose.
Handwriting is better Mike's (handwriting) or Alice's
(handwriting)? Whose handwriting is more beautiful, Mike or
Alice? Said the shops, hospitals, schools, residential and
public buildings, the noun it modifies all nouns often do not
appear. At the lattice tailor's (shop) at the tailor's shop at
the doctor's (Office) in the hospital of at Tom's (home) in
Tom's at (shop) the barber's at the butcher's in the barber shop
(shop) in at the Greens'(home) butcher in the green.
I'm planning to go to my uncle's (home) this summer vacation.
this summer I plan to go to my uncle's home. Goods are cheap
but good at Johnson's (shop). The Johnson store merchandise is
cheap and good.'s. else and else containing commonly used in
indefinite pronouns, interrogative pronouns and interrogative
adverb, "said another the other." the The e-dictionary is
genitive form else's. not mine. It's someone else's. the
electronic dictionary is not mine, others.
Eight
这是谁的书？（谁的=的人）这本书是另外什么人的呢？常用必背：常用必背：英语中可用的或”表示的节日：儿童节妇女节父亲节儿童节妇女节父亲节教师节母亲节新年教师节母亲节新年
（2）对所有格：“名词+名词便构成了所有格这种所有格有以下几种用法”的。用于无生命的东西北京是中国的首都。北京是中国的首都。美国人的问题就是税收。美国人的问题就是税收。用于名词化的词穷人的生活是这个国家最大的问题。穷苦人的生活是这个国家最大的问题。注意：注意：有生命的名词的所有格和的所有格有时可以互换。女孩的名字，女孩的名字这个女孩的名字（3）双重所有格：把的所有格和的所有格结合在一起表示所有关系的结构就构成了名词的双重所有格。主要有如下两种用法：特定人的不特定的所有关系双重所有格带有的所有格的名词必须是一个明确限定的指人的名词，对前面的名词必须不确指同时。我父亲的几个朋友我父亲的一个堂弟我的几个朋友她/他/他们/我们的一个朋友表哥
她的一个朋友/他/他们的/我们的表达特殊的情感
有时双重所有格所修饰的名词与指示代词或形容词连用时，往往带有赞赏，厌恶，不满等感情色彩。你的车确实很漂亮。你的那辆车确实很好。看着这张照片，一个漂亮的女孩的。看看那张画图片，就是那张漂亮小姑娘的画。用法比较：用法比较：一幅杰克的照片，杰克的
区别和
九
前者指杰克所拥有的一张照片（照片上可能有他本人）；后者指为杰克拍的一张照片。我的父亲与我父亲的一个朋友的朋友的区别前者强调是我爸爸多个朋友中的一个；后者强调是朋友关系，不是其他关系。这种用法在初中阶段可以不记用的较少，重点记前一种用法。4。名词的修饰语（1）只修饰可数名词的修饰语在英语中只能修饰可数名词的词或短语主要有：几很少几个，几乎没有几个有几个许多很多几许多有几个很多若干大量的
一批
有许多大量的（大/大）数
如：几个玩具几个玩具，几辆车几辆汽车，许多学生很多学生，许多问题若干问题。（2）只修饰不可数名词的修饰语：只修饰不可数名词的词或短语主要有：小很少，几乎没有很多很多如：小知识大量浪费一点一点有一些有一点多一些
几乎没有多少知识大量的废物。
（3）既可修饰可数名词又可修饰不可数名词的修饰语既可修饰可数名词又可修饰不可数名词的修饰语常见的有：充足的一些一些很多很多足够的足够的很多最很多大多数的
很多
如：一些糖一些糖，一些问题一些问题；足够的油足够的石油，足够的工作足够的工作。5。
Proper nouns specific names, places, things, institutions, and
festivals such as the month term known as proper nouns. Green
Green (Surname) Chicago Bulls the Internet Internet Macao
Chicago bulls Macao Monica Monica (female) December of the
Yangtze River in December
The Changjiang River the WTO WTO Christmas Day
Ten
The University of London University of London
Christmas
Thanksgiving Day special tips for Thanksgiving: special tips:
Mother's Day
Mother's Day
The first letter of a proper noun must be capitalized, but the
functional words such as article, preposition and so on
(a/an/the/ ) the first letter is generally not
capitalized. Such as: the United Nations the People's Republic
of UN China People's Republic of China. When all capital letters,
articles, prepositions can be capitalized, such as: THE UNITED
KINGDOM OF GREAT BRITAIN AND NORTHERN IRELAND in United Kingdom
of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. The 6. sentence NOUN noun
can be used as subject, in the sentence object, object
complement, subject complement, table
Language, appositive, appellation, adverbial, attributive.
Wisdom usually grows out of / failure. wisdom usually increases
in failure. Confidence is the core of one making success.
confidence is the key to success. As the object of the verb
Children demand love in the course of their growth. children
in the process of growing up I like English songs in need of
love. But my brother doesn't. English I love songs, but my
brother doesn't love. As the object of the preposition Some are
after money some are, after power, but all are after happiness.
is the pursuit of money, some people the pursuit of power, but
all the people the pursuit of happiness. The cell phone is
taking an important part in modern life. mobile phone in modern
life. It plays an important role as the object complement We
are making our school a beautiful garden. I We are making our
school a beautiful garden. We all find Beth a good liar. we found
that Bess was a good liar. Traffic is a big problem Heavy in
most cities. traffic congestion is a big problem in most of the
city. Happiness is the true value of life. happiness is the true
value of C. These seats are. For us students, but those are for
the teachers., these seats are for us students, who is a teacher.
Albert Einstein is a famous scientist, a scientist who is
respected by the whole world. Einstein is a famous scientist,
respected by the people all over the world scientists.
Eleven
As the Will you please step said this way Mr, Smith? This way
please, Mr. Smith. Monica, won't you come in? Monica, why don't
you come in? We usually don't have classes was on Sundays. on
Sunday, we usually don't have classes. We walked three miles
before we lost our way. we walked three miles lost. In the south
of China for there, grow many banana trees. in the South China
there grow many banana trees. Sorry, I am a chemistry teacher,
not an English teacher. I'm sorry, I am a chemistry teacher,
not an English teacher. In three, the typical cases of
many were lost in on the fire!.
Problem solving skills: this question examines the singular and
plural problems of nouns. According to the verb were in the
problem, it should be used in the plural form of nouns,
The noun life belongs to F, Fe at the end of the term, F, Fe
ve and s, the lives read [laivz]. answer: B will have a
holiday, What about going to West Lake day -day
-days? day's.
Problem solving skills: This C. compound noun attributive
attributive noun compound, are not usually used in the plural,
with a hyphen intermediate. Of course if not hyphenated can also
use the possessive form, the proposition of traps in the D
option, the option D two day's two days', if you can choose,
students we must pay attention to the possessive symbol
position. Answer: B have to do this evening. 3.I A.a of works
. Lot work C.a lot of work works
Problem solving skills: the word of this question examines the
use of work, work when the "work" when speaking is an
uncountable noun (of course as it is about work with s), so the
A option cannot be selected; the B option many cannot be
modified uncountable, also cannot use the D option with work;
s, we can not choose, can only use the C option.A lot of can
be modified with countable nouns can also uncountable nouns,
the Chinese "I have a lot of work to do this evening. Answer:
C
Twelve
Special exercises of nouns
brother hurt his yesterday. He can't walk now.
many are there in the international village? e
n an
of the following signs means "You mustn't stop your car
here."?
school isn't far from here. It's only minute's walk.
n minutes n minutes'n
5. - Oh, there isn't enough for us in the lift. - No hurry. Let's
wait for the next.
6. - I want to go to different places, but I don't know the.
- A map is helpful, I think.
, sign, can, you, probably, see, beside, a, deep, river?
She is the of Tea House (teahouse).
Thirteen
ist
the foot of the hill you could hear nothing but
the of the running water.
10. - What's your favorite season? - g
day
following four books are about stories.
en's
12. - Where can we go into the trade center Haven't you seen
the sign? Over there? 13. - How's Joy's - Her skirt
is more skirt? Beautiful than and Kate . Sister's
sister and Kate sister and Kate's sister's and
Kate's
Fourteen
CE
14. - Would you like some drinks, boys? - Yes, please.
oranges cakes boxes of chocolates of bottles
orange
15. - What do you have for breakfast? - I often have or. ,
noodles , noodle , noodles ,
面条
16 -我想读点东西。-好的。这里有一些。 s
。布莱克是一个朋友。Mary 的母亲D. Mary的母亲的母亲
18、布瑞恩真好，我遇到麻烦时他常常给我一个。
19 -你好，我可以和蒂娜通话吗？-对不起，你错了。 家庭one
20、那家商店有三个店员。 ，鞋，鞋
十五
，鞋答案：
D.女人，鞋
1。B由后句”他现在不能走路”，可推知前句意思是”我弟弟昨天伤着腿了”，所以选B 2，一个此题考查不规则名词复数形式。俄罗
斯（俄国人）复数为俄罗斯、美国（美国人）复数形式为美国人，而中国单复数形式不变，故此题选A. 3。C此题是对生活中一些常见标志的考查。图一意为”禁止吸烟”；图B为”禁止喧哗”请安静”；图C为”禁止停车”，所以选C. 4。B此题考查名词所有格形式，意思是”15分钟步行的路程”。“十五分钟”名词应用其复数形式十五分钟，以的结尾的名词复数其所有格形式是在单词后直接加”，故选B 5，C此题考查几个近义名词的区别。楼”地板，楼层”；地面“地面”；房间作可数名词时意为”房间”，不可数名词意思是”地方，空间”；而地方”地点，空间”是可数名词。根据题意”电梯里没有足够的地方了”排除一和B；，关键词没有提示只能用不可数名词，所以选C. 6。B根据上下文语境可知题意是”我想去不同的地方，但是不知道”、“地图会有用的”，故此题选B 7，D此题是对一些常识性标志的考查。从这些标志上的图画可以直接找到答案，图D意为”禁止游泳”，所以此标志应该在河水较深的河流旁边能见到，故选D 8，D由文学常识可知”老舍是《茶馆》的作者”，所以选D.
9。D此题考查几个近义名词的区别。喊指”大叫，呼喊的声音”；噪声指”嘈杂声”；声音指”人说话的嗓音”；声音泛指”自然界的一切声音”。根据题意可知此处是指”在山脚下只能听见流水的声音”，所以选D. 10。C上句问”你最喜欢什么季节？”，四个选项中只有C（春季）是季节名称，其余均不符合题意。11。D根据四本书的书名和封面图片可以推知这些书都是有关爱情故事的，所以选D.
12。由上句D”从哪里进人商业中心”可知应找”入口”标志，D.选标志C为”出口”。13。D此题考查名词所有格形式。当表示两人共有某人或某物时，只在后一个名词后加”，但当两人不共有时，两个名词都要使用所有格形式，后边所修饰的名词用复数形式。本句题意可知，此处是指欢乐的姐姐和凯特两人各自的衣服，所以选D.
十六
14。D由上句”你想要点喝的吗”，可直接排除A、B和C，所以选D.注意不可数名词没有复数形式，只能在量词上变复数。15。B此题考查可数名数和不可名词的区别。面包是不可数名词，没有数的变化；面条是可数名词，复数是面条。16。D由上句”读的东西”可知只有“书”最符合题意，故选D.
17.A this c..Mary's mother double genitive noun (Mary mother)
is a singular noun possessive form; a friend of Mary's mothers
(a friend of Mary's mother) is double genitive, this structure
is used to highlight local, said "one" or "the part". The
meaning of the sentence can be inferred by 18.C he often helps
me when I am in trouble, gives sb. a hand "to help someone, so
choose the C. 19.C according to the problem that is" wrong
number ", namely the wrong number, so choose the C. note D is
only in Chinese literally. The plural form of 20.A this c. the
synthesis of plural nouns. Currently a noun is irregular in
1898.
Plural, compound nouns before and after the two into plural
nouns, plural nouns as a current rules of reform, in the plural,
compound nouns only after a noun plural, so "three women" is
"three women assistants", and "shoe" is "shoe shop" therefore,
A.
Seventeen
One
