2024年2月27日发(作者：)
2019专八真题听力练习 Body language and mind
Good morning, everyone. In today’s lecture, I ‘d like to focus on how our body
language reveals who we are. We’re really fascinated with body language, and
particularly interested in other people’s body language. You know, we’re sometimes
interested in an awkward interaction, or a smile, or a contemptuous glance, or maybe
very awkward wink, or handshake.
So what kind of body language am I talking about? I am interested in
1___________________—that is the nonverbal expressions of power and dominance.
And what are nonverbal expressions of power and dominance? Well, this is what they
are. In the animal kingdom, nonverbal expressions of power and dominance are about
2________. So you make yourself big, you stretch out, you take up space and you are
basically opening up. And… and humans do the same thing. So they do this when
they’re feeling powerful in the moment. And this one is especially interesting because
it really shows us how universal and old these expressions of power are. For example,
when athletes cross the finish line and they’ve won, it doesn’t matter if they’ve never
seen anyone do it. They do this. So the arms are up in the V sign, the chin is slightly
lifted. But what do we do when we feel powerless? We do exactly the opposite.
3_________________________. We make ourselves small. We don’t want to bump
into the person next to us. And this is what happens when you put together high and
low power. So what we tend to do when it comes to power is that we complement the
other’s nonverbals. What I mean is if someone is being really powerful with us, we
tend to 4__________________________________. We don’t 5________________.
We do the opposite.
I’m watching this behavior in the classroom, and guess what I have noticed. I
notice that MBA students really exhibit the full range of power nonverbals. They get
right into the middle of the room before class even starts, like they really want to
6________________. When they sit down, they’re sort of 7________________. They
raise their hands high. You have other people who are virtually collapsing when they
come in. as soon as they, I mean other people, come in, you see it. You see it on their
faces and their bodies, and they sit in their chair and they make themselves
8________, and they will not fully stretch their arms when they raise their hands. I
also notice another interesting thing about his. It seems women are much more likely
to do this kind of thing than men. I mean women are more likely to make themselves
small. Women feel chronically 习惯性地_9_______________ than men, so this is
not surprising.
The second question concerns our minds. We know that our minds change our
bodies. But is it also true that 10___________________________________________?
And when I say minds, in the case of the powerful, what do I mean? I’m talking about
thoughts and feelings and the sort of physiological生理学上的 things that make up
our thoughts and feelings, and in my case, that’s hormones. I look at hormones. So
what do the minds of the powerful versus the powerless look like? Powerful people
tend to be, not surprisingly, 11____________________________________________.
They actually feel that they’re going to win even at games of chance. They also tend
to be able to think more abstractly. They take more risks. So there are a lot of
differences between powerful and powerless people. Physiologically, there also are
differences on two key hormones: one is dominance hormone, and the other is stress
hormone. What we find is that powerful and effective leaders have high dominance
hormone and low stress hormone. What does that mean? That means power is also
about 12________________.
Once we did an experiment. We decided to bring people into the lab and run that
little experiment. These people adopted, for two minutes, either
13______________________ or 14__________________________________. We,
for two minutes, say, “You need to do this or this.” And we also want them to be
feeling power. So after two minutes we will ask them “How powerful do you feel?”
on a series of items, and then we 15________________________________________.
Before and after the experiment, we take their sample of saliva for a hormone test.
That’s the whole experiment.
And this is what we have found—16___________________________, which is
17________. What we find is that when you’re
18_________________________________________, 86 percent of you will gamble.
When you’re 19_________________________________________, it’s down to only
60 percent, and that’s a pretty significant difference. Here’s what we find on
20___________________________. From their baseline when they come in,
high-power people experience about a 20 percent increase, and low-power people
experience about a 10-percent decrease. So again, two minutes, and you get these
changes. Concerning 21___________________________, high-power people
experience about a 25-percent decrease, and the low power people experience about a
15 percent increase. Once again, two minutes lead to these hormonal changes that
configure your brain to basically be either assertive, confident or -really
stress-reactive, and, you know, feeling sort of shut down. And we’ve all had that
feeling, right? So it seems that our nonverbals do govern how we think and feel about
ourselves. Also, our bodies change our minds. So, power posing for a few minutes
really changes your life in meaningful ways.
When I tell people about this, that that our bodies change our minds, and our
minds can change our behavior, and 22_____________________________________,
they say to me, “I don’t believe that. It feels fake. Right?” so I said, “fake it till you
make it.” I ‘m going to live you with this. Before you go into the next stressful
evaluative situation, for example, a job interview, for two minutes, try doing this, in
the elevator, or at your desk behind closed doors and say to yourself “that’s what I
want to do.” Configure your brain to_23_______________ in that situation. Get
your dominance hormone up, and get your stress hormone down. Don’t leave that
situation feeling like, oh, I didn’t show them who I am. Leave that situation feeling
like, oh, I really managed to say who I am and show who I am.
To sum up, today, we talk about the “nonverbal expressions of power and
dominance” and the strong effects of the change of behavior. I suggest you try power
posing, which is simple but will significantly change the outcomes of your life. Ok,
next time we are going to discuss the social functions of body language.
2019专八真题听力练习 Body language and mind
Good morning, everyone. In today’s lecture, I ‘d like to focus on how our body
language reveals who we are. We’re really fascinated with body language, and
particularly interested in other people’s body language. You know, we’re sometimes
interested in an awkward interaction, or a smile, or a contemptuous glance, or maybe
very awkward wink, or handshake.
So what kind of body language am I talking about? I am interested in power
dynamics—that is the nonverbal expressions of power and dominance. And what are
nonverbal expressions of power and dominance? Well, this is what they are. In the
animal kingdom, nonverbal expressions of power and dominance are about expanding.
So you make yourself big, you stretch out, you take up space and you are basically
opening up. And… and humans do the same thing. So they do this when they’re
feeling powerful in the moment. And this one is especially interesting because it really
shows us how universal and old these expressions of power are. For example, when
athletes cross the finish line and they’ve won, it doesn’t matter if they’ve never seen
anyone do it. They do this. So the arms are up in the V sign, the chin is slightly lifted.
But what do we do when we feel powerless? We do exactly the opposite. We close up.
We make ourselves small. We don’t want to bump into the person next to us. And this
is what happens when you put together high and low power. So what we tend to do
when it comes to power is that we complement the other’s nonverbals. What I mean is
if someone is being really powerful with us, we tend to make ourselves smaller. We
don’t mirror them. We do the opposite.
I’m watching this behavior in the classroom, and guess what I have noticed. I
notice that MBA students really exhibit the full range of power nonverbals. They get
right into the middle of the room before class even starts, like they really want to
occupy space. When they sit down, they’re sort of spread out. They raise their hands
high. You have other people who are virtually collapsing when they come in. as soon
as they, I mean other people, come in, you see it. You see it on their faces and their
bodies, and they sit in their chair and they make themselves tiny, and they will not
fully stretch their arms when they raise their hands. I also notice another interesting
thing about his. It seems women are much more likely to do this kind of thing than
men. I mean women are more likely to make themselves small. Women fell
chronically 习惯性地less powerful than men, so this is not surprising.
The second question concerns our minds. We know that our minds change our
bodies. But is it also true that our bodies change our minds? And when I say minds, in
the case of the powerful, what do I mean? I’m talking about thoughts and feelings and
the sort of physiological生理学上的 things that make up our thoughts and feelings,
and in my case, that’s hormones. I look at hormones. So what do the minds of the
powerful versus the powerless look like? Powerful people tend to be, not surprisingly,
more assertive and more confident, more optimistic. They actually feel that they’re
going to win even at games of chance. They also tend to be able to think more
abstractly. They take more risks. So there are a lot of differences between powerful
and powerless people. Physiologically, there also are differences on two key
hormones: one is dominance hormone, and the other is dominance hormone. What we
find is that powerful and effective leaders have high dominance hormone and low
stress hormone. What does that mean? That means power is also about how you react
to stress.
Once we did an experiment. We decided to bring people into the lab and run that
little experiment. These people adopted, for two minutes, either high-power poses or
low-power poses. We, for two minutes, say, “You need to do this or this.” And we also
want them to be feeling power. So after two minutes we will ask them “How powerful
do you feel?” on a series of items, and then we give them an opportunity to gamble.
Before and after the experiment, we take their sample of saliva for a hormone test.
That’s the whole experiment.
And this is what we have found—risk tolerance, which is gambling. What we
find is that when you’re in the high-power pose condition, 86 percent of you will
gamble. When you’re in the low-power pose condition, it’s down to only 60 percent,
and that’s a pretty significant difference. Here’s what we find on dominance hormone.
From their baseline when they come in, high-power people experience about a 20
percent increase, and low-power people experience about a 10-percent decrease. So
again, two minutes, and you get these changes. Concerning stress hormone,
high-power people experience about a 25-percent decrease, and the low power people
experience about a 15 percent increase. Once again, two minutes lead to these
hormonal changes that configure your brain to basically be either assertive, confident
or -really stress-reactive, and, you know, feeling sort of shut down. And we’ve all had
that feeling, right? So it seems that our nonverbals do govern how we think and feel
about ourselves. Also, our bodies change our minds. So, power posing for a few
minutes really changes your life in meaningful ways.
When I tell people about this, that our bodies change our minds and our minds
can change our behavior, and our behavior can change our outcomes, they say to me,
“I don’t believe that. It feels fake. Right?” so I said, “fake it till you make it.” I ‘m
going to live you with this. Before you go into the next stressful evaluative situation,
for example, a job interview, for two minutes, try doing this, in the elevator, or at your
desk behind closed doors and say to yourself “that’s what I want to do.” Configure
your brain to do the best in that situation. Get your dominance hormone up, and get
your stress hormone down. Don’t leave that situation feeling like, oh, I didn’t show
them who I am. Leave that situation feeling like, oh, I really managed to say who I am
and show who I am.
To sum up, today, we talk about the “nonverbal expressions of power and
dominance” and the strong effects of the change of behavior. I suggest you try power
posing, which is simple but will significantly change the outcomes of your life. Ok,
next time we are going to discuss the social functions of body language.
