2024年2月21日发(作者：)
一、 虚拟语气的常见类型和句型
条件从句 结果主句
主语 + would/
与现在事实
If +主语+past
should/
相反
tense, were could/
might do
主语 + would/
与过去事实
If +主语+had done
should/ could/
相反
might have done
If +主语+did/
主语 + would/
与将来事实
should do(不可用should/
可能相反
would)/ were to
could/
might do
do
与现在事实相反
If I were you, I would ask our teacher for
advice.
If the room were larger, we would hold the
party there.
与过去事实相反
If I hadn’t taken the wrong bus, I wouldn’t
have missed the film.
与将来事实可能相反
If I had enough money next month, I would
buy a new
English dictionary.
If I should be given more time, I would
revise my essay and have it typed.
If he were to leave today, he would get
there by Friday.
省略 if 的倒装条件句：
从句中出现 were, had, should时，可省略if,把were, had, should 提到主语前。
1. Were we to do the work again, we would
do some other way.
2. Should there be any trouble with the
computer, I would turn to my friend for
help.
3. Had it not been for your help, we would not
have achieved so much.
（1）由wish引起的表示愿望的虚拟语气
79. Mary wishes that she _____ law instead of history when
she was in college.
A. had studied
B. has studied
C. studies
D. studied
A．用wish表示对现在的愿望时，它所引起的宾语从句中谓语动词形式为：过去式（be动词用were）。
B．用wish表示对将来的愿望时，它所引起的宾语从句中谓语动词形式为：would, could, might+ 动词原形。
C．wish用于对过去的事实表示一种不可能实现的愿望时，宾语从句中的谓语动词形式为：had+动词过去分词或could, would + have +动词过去分词。
The picture exhibition bored me to death; I
wish I had not gone to it.
---“I let Joe borrow our radio for the
afternoon.”
---“That’s all right, but I wish he would buy one
of his own.”
I wish that he weren’t so lazy.
22. I wish I _____with her.
A. would be B. am C. was D. were_
27. I hadn’t expected James to apologize but I
had hoped ___.
A. him calling me B. that he would call me_ C.
him to call me D. that he call me
(2)had hoped引起的宾语从句中备用语动词形式为would+动词原形，表示一种过去未实现的愿望或令人失望的事。
His father had hoped that his son would go to
business with him, but his son became an artist
later.
49. I’d rather you _______anything about it for
the time being.
A. do B. didn’t do_ C. don’t D. didn’t
(3)would (had) rather, would as soon, would
sooner和would prefer所引起的从句中要求用过去式表示当时或将来的情况，用过去完成时表示过去的情况，表示希望或婉转的责备。例如：
I’d rather you posted the letter right away. 我倒希望你把这封信立刻寄出去。
I would prefer he didn’t stay there too long.我倒希望他不要在那儿可得太久。
I would just as soon you had returned the book
yesterday.我真希望你昨天把这本书还了。
52. It’s about time people______ notice of
what women did during the war.
A. take B. took_ C. have taken D. will take
（4）It’s (high, about) time that 句型中that从句中要求用虚拟语气形式，即动词要用过去式。
It’s time that something was done about the
traffic problem downtown.
It is high time that we put an end to this
discussion.现在是我们该结束讲座的时候了。
（5）whether…or…引导让步虚拟从句，这种用法通常采用倒装结构,把whether 省略, 谓语多用be的原形，：
The business of each day, be it selling goods or
shipping them, went quite smoothly.
原正常语序：The business of each day, whether it
is selling goods or shipping them, went quite
smoothly.
57. He’s working hard for fear that he______ .
A. should fall behind_ B. fell behind C. may fall
behind D. would fall behind
（6）由连接词in case, so that ,unless, lest ,for fear
that引起的状语从句中，谓语动词要用虚拟形式，即should(might, would)+动词原形，例如：
She put a blanket over the baby for fear that he
should catch cold. 她在那个婴儿身上盖上了毯子以免他着凉。
(注：lest, for fear that 和 in case 引起的从句中谓语动词多用should+动词原形，但可以不用虚拟语气，而用
动词的陈述语气形式。)
The bad man was put in the soft-padded cell
lest he injure himself.
1．Were it not for the snowy weather,
we________ all right.
A. would be_ B. would have been C. were D.
may be
(7) if it were not for…与现在事实相反， if it had not
been for与过去事实相反，两个都相当于but for：
If it had not been for his help(=but for his
help),we would not have succeeded.
20. The sun rises in the east and sets in the
west, so it seems as if the sun ________round
the earth.
A. were circling_ B. circles C. is circling D. be
circling
(8) 虚拟语气用于as if（though）引起的方式状语从句和表语从句中，其动词形式与wish宾语从句的形式相同。如果从句表示与现在的事实相反，谓语动词用一般过去时；如果从句表示与过去的事实相反，谓语动词用过去完成时；如果从句表示与将来的事实相反，谓语动词用would
(might, could) + 动词原形；
They talked as if they had been friends for
years.
I remember the whole thing as if it
happened yesterday.
It looks as if it might rain.
Note: 如果as if / though引起的从句所表达的内容被看作是事实或者有可能是真实的，则要用陈述语气。
It seems as if it is going to rain.
The meat tastes as if it has already gone
bad.
11. Look at the terrible situation I am in! If only
I ____your advice.
A. follow B. would follow C. had followed_ D.
have followed
(9)其它各种句型, as though, suppose, had rather,
supposing, if only等等
If I were in a movie, then it would be about
time that I buried my head in my hands for a
cry.
二、特殊形式的虚拟语气
61. Tom’s father, as well as his mother,
_________in New York for a few days more.
A. ask him to stay B. ask he to stay C. asks he
stays D. asks he stay_
虚拟语气的特殊形式，即用来表示要求、建议、命令、提议、意愿等的主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句中的虚拟形式，其虚拟语气的构成往往是由should(可省略)+动词原形that从句。
A、 用于表示意愿、建议、命令、提议、请求等动词后的that宾语从句中，这类动词有：
ask要求 advise建议 arrange安排 beg请求
command命令 decide决定 demand要求 desire渴望
determine决定 insist坚持 intend打算 maintain坚持主张
move建议，动员 propose提议 object反对 order命令
prefer建议 require 需要 request要求 resolve下决心
recommend推荐 suggest建议 stipulate约定，规定
urge强调，促进 vote公认，提议 decree颁布（法令）
pray请求
注意：这类动词后面除了可接that虚拟句以外，也可以接doing或者to do…来表达，一般情况下，意思没有什么差别。
She advised that we should keep the gate
locked.（书面体）
She advised us to keep the gate locked.（口语）
She advised keeping the gate locked.(较随便)
15. The board deemed it urgent that these
files_______ right away.
A. had to be printed B. should have been
printed
C. must be printed D. should be printed_
B、用于It is+形容词或过去分词+主语从句中，这类形容词或分词有：
advisable合理的 decided决定的 crucial关键的
appropriate恰当的
determined决定的 commanded命令的 arranged安排的 essential紧要的，基本的
complied遵照 anxious焦急的 imperative迫切的
important重要的
desirable合意的 better较好的，更好 insistent坚持的 desired想要
asked请求 keen渴望的 incredible难以置信的
adamant坚定不移的
natural自然的 insisted坚持 necessary必要的
suggested建议
urgent紧迫的 ordered命令 shocked震惊的 vital极其重要的
possible可能的 strange 奇怪的 preferable （好一点） proposed提议
requested要求的 required要求的 recommended推荐 resolved决定的
probable（可能的） pity可惜，憾事 shame遗憾
注意：这类形容词后面除了可接that虚拟句以外，也可以for…to do…
来表达，一般情况下，意思没有什么差别。
It is essential that he should be prepared for
this.
It is essential for him to be prepared for this.
62. Your advice that______ till next week is
reasonable.
A. she waits B. she wait_ C. wait she D. she
waited
C．用于由表示建议、要求、命令、请示等含义的名词引导的表语从句和同位语从句中，这类名词常见的有：
advice忠告 decision决定 demand要求 desire要求、愿望
insistence坚持 motion提议 necessity必要性
order命令
preference偏爱 proposal提议 pray恳求
recommendation推荐 request要求 requirement要求 resolution决心 suggestion劝告、忠告
例如：
This is their resolution that extra-curriculum
activities be made part of their school life.这是他们的决议：要使得课外活动成为他们学校生活的一部分。
The motion that the remark of the last speaker
be expunged from the record.该提议要求把最后一个发言的人的讲话从记录上除掉。
三、混合虚拟语气
有时主句和从句的谓语动词指不同的时间，这时需要用混合虚拟语气。一般来说，在这种情况下，主从句谓语动词指代的时间不同，所以我们又可以错综时间条件句，在这种虚拟情况，动词形式应根据实际情况灵活使用，在做这些题目时候尤其要注意每道题目的提示语：时间状语。绝大多数情况下，从句或者主句都有相关的时间状语，这是解题的关键。
If you________that late movie last night, you
wouldn’t be so sleepy.
A. haven’t watched B. didn’t watch
C. hadn’t watched D. wouldn’t have watched
Many dead would now be alive if they have not
attempted to return for something.
Had Paul received six more votes in the last
election, he would be our chairman now.
混合虚拟语气还有一种情况就是事实和虚拟假设的混合句，这样的句子不仅仅是时间的不同，而重要是事实和假设的混合。
I would have gone to visit him in the hospital
had it been at all possible, but I was fully
occupied the whole of last week.
该句前半部分是假设虚拟，而后半部分是事实的陈述。
Your math instructor would have been happy to
give you a make-up examination had you gone
and explained that your parents were ill at the
time.
该句前半句用的是假设虚拟，后半句主句也用的是假设虚拟
（如果你去并且解释的话），但是后半句的从句用的是事实语气，因为“父母病了”是客观事实，故不需要用虚拟形式had
been。
四、含蓄虚拟条件句
含蓄条件句是指句中没有明显的虚拟条件句，而是利用其他手段来暗示存在虚拟条件。但是这类隐含式虚拟条件句往往都可以转化为if引导的条件句。常来表示含蓄虚拟条件的手段有：
（1）介词或介词短语，如but for, but that, without,
in case of, under more favorable condition等。
_____the leadership of the party, we could not
be living a happy today.=If there hadn’t been
the leadership of the party, we could not be
living a happy today.
A. In spite of B. But for C. Because of D. As for
But that she was afraid, she would have said no.
(2)连词，如：so that, unless, in case, supposing,
lest, provided(倘若……)，for fear that(唯恐)，in
order that, on condition that, if only(要是……就好了)等。
She listened carefully in order that she might
discover exactly what he wanted.=if she
listened carefully ,she might discover exactly
what he wanted.
If only I had more money, I could buy a car.
(注：lest, for fear that 和 in case 引起的从句中谓语动词多用should+动词原形，但可以不用虚拟语气，而用动词的陈述语气形式。)例如：
The foreign teacher spoke slowly in case we
misunderstood him. 这位外籍教师说得很慢以免我们听不懂。
Care must be taken in using this method lest
overflow should occur.在使用此法时要小心谨慎，以免会发生溢流现象。
（3）通过上下文及内在含义，句中往往有but, otherwise,
unfortunately等类似转折词。
I thought the children when we returned home,
but they were still awake.
A. were sleeping B. would be sleeping C. had
been sleeping D. would sleep选择 B。
(4)形容词及其比较级
A more careful person would not have made so
many mistakes.
A less conscientious man wouldn’t have tried
so hard to get this job done.
(5)分词短语
Having known in time, we might have
prevented the accident.
Born ten days earlier, the boy could have seen
his late father.
(6)动词不定式短语。一般intended/meant/hoped/wished/planned 或
was/were+不定式完成式或had
intended/meant/planned/hoped/wished/+不定式一般式表示虚拟。
I intended I should call on you, but I was busy
at that time.
To hear him speak French, you would take him
for an Englishman.
She would be stupid not to accept his invitation.
It would be easier to do it this way.
(7)名词短语和名词+and结构
A judicious man would not have committed
suicide.
A diligent student would have worked harder.
(8)独立主格结构
All things considered, the price would be
reasonable.
(9)定语从句
Anyone who had been in your position would
have done the same.
A nation, which stopped working, would be
dead in a fortnight.
(10）情态动词完成式暗示虚拟语气：
I should have called to make an airline
reservation, but I didn’t.
The porter ought to have called the fire-brigade
as soon as he saw the fire in the stock, which
went up in smoke.
(11)动词原形表示虚拟
动词原形直接用在句子中也被看作是一种虚拟，最常见于正式文体中，动词原形一般用在条件从句中，有时倒装置于句首，同时这种用法也常见于独立句中表达愿望。
God bless you!
All magnets behave the same, be they large or
small.
She’ll be sixteen years odd, com May.(come
May =when May come).
If that be so, we shall take action at once.
强化训练：虚拟语气
2. _________more careful, his ship would not
have sunk.
A. If the captain were B. Had the captain been
C. Should the captain be D. If the captain would
have been
3. If he _________me tomorrow, I would let
him know.
A. should call B. should not have been able to
call
C. were not able to call D. are not able to call
4. If you asked your father you_______
permission.
A. may get B. might get C. should have got D.
maybe get
5.______ today, he would get there by Friday.
A. Would he leave B. Was he leaving C. Were he
to leave D. If he leaves
6. ______I you, I would go with him to the
party.
A. Was B. Had been C. Will be D. Were
millions of calculations involved, had
they been done by hand, ______all practical
value by the time they were finished.
A. could lose B. would have lost C. might lose D.
ought to have lost
8. Had Paul received six more votes in the last
election, he______ our chairman now.
A. must have been B. would have been C. were
D. would be
9. If you ______Jerry Brown until recently,
you’d think the photograph on the right was
strange.
A. shouldn’t contact B. didn’t contact C. weren’t
to contact D. hadn’t contacted
10. he English examination I would have gone
to the concert last Sunday
A. In spite of B. But for C. Because of D. As for
13. If the horse won today, it _____thirty races
in five years.
A. would have won B. won C. must have won D.
did have won
14. There is a real possibility that these animals
could be frightened, _______a sudden loud
noise.
A. being there B. should there be C. there was D.
there having been
16. Jean Wagner’s most enduring contribution
to the study of Afro-American poetry is his
insistence that it _____in a religious, as well as
worldly, frame of reference.
A. is to be analyzed B. has been analyzed
C. be analyzed D. should have been analyzed
17. I would have gone to visit him in the
hospital had it been at all possible, but I
______
fully occupied the whole of last week.
A. were B. had been C. have been D. was
18. I apologize if I______ you, but I assure you
it was unintentional.
A. offend B. had offended C. should have
offended D. might have offended
21. I wish that I ______ with you last night.
A. went B. have gone C. could go D. could have
gone
23. I wish that I _____the concert last night.
A. could attend B. have attended C. could have
attended D. attended
24. The picture exhibition bored me to death. I
wish I to it.
A. had not gone B. have not gone C. did not go D.
can not have gone
25. “I wish you______ me to put these things
away,” he said.
A. will help B. help C. are helping D. would help
26. If the Watergate Incident _______Nixon
would not have resigned from the presidency.
A. did not occur B. had not occurred C. was not
occurring D. be occurring
28. George would certainly have attended the
proceedings________.
A. if he didn’t get a flat tire B. if the flat tire
hadn’t happened C. had he not had a flat tire D.
had the tire not flattened itself
29. The teacher suggested that her
students______ experiences with ESP.
A. write a composition on their B. to write
composition about the C. wrote some
compositions of his or her D. had written any
compositions for his
30. He speaks Chinese as fluently as if he
______a Chinese.
A. were B. had been C. is D. has been
31. As usual, he put on a show as though his
trip_____ a great success.
A. had been B. has been C. were D. was
32. Looking round the town, he felt as though
he _____away for ages.
A. has been B. was C. is D. had been
33. John is so strongly built that he looks as if
he _____an elephant.
A. lifts B. is lifting C. lifted D. could lift
34. He described the town as if he _______it
himself.
A. had seen B. has seen C. saw D. sees
35. At that thought he shook himself, as though
he _______from an evil dream.
A. woke B. wakes C. would wake D. had woke
36. Most insurance agents would rather
you______ anything about collecting claims
until they investigate the situation.
A. do B. don’t C. didn’t D. didn’t do
37. Although most adopted persons want the
right to know who their natural parents are,
some who have found them wish that
they_________the experience of meeting.
A. hadn’t B. didn’t have had C. hadn’t had D.
hadn’t have
38. It is important that the TOEFL
office_______ your registration.
A. will confirm B. confirm C. confirms D. must
confirm
39. Without electronic computers, much of
today’s advanced technology________ .
A. will not have been achieved B. have not been
achieved
C. would not have been achieved D. had not
been achieved
40. He told her to return the book in time so
that others _______a chance to read it .
A. may have B. will have C. would have D. might
have
41. It is time that the government________
measures to protect the rare birds and animals.
A. takes B. took C. has taken D. taking
42. Some people are too particular about
school records, insisting that every applicant
______all diplomas from elementary school to
university.
A. has B. will have C. should have D. must have
43. He was very busy yesterday, otherwise
he_____ to the meeting.
A. would come B. came C. would have come D.
had come
44. I must say he reads very well, and I
shouldn’t be surprised if he_____ acting for a
living one day.
A. had taken up B. takes up C. have taken up D.
would have taken up
45. If I had seen the movie, I _____you all
about it now.
A. would tell B. will tell C. have told D. would
have told
46. I hadn’t expected Henry to apologize but I
had hoped_______ .
A. him t call me up B. him calling me up
C. that he would call me up D. that he will call
me
47. I had hoped that John ______a year in
Africa, but he stayed there only for three
months.
A. spends B. spent C. would spend D. will spend
48. I had hoped that Jennifer _____a doctor,
but she wasn’t good enough at science.
A. will become B. became C. would become D.
becomes
50. I’d just as soon_______ rudely to her.
A. that you won’t speak B. you not speaking
C. you not speak D. you didn’t speak
51. It’s high time they_____ this road.
A. mend B. mended C. must have mended D.
will mend
53. Everybody has arrived. It’s time we_____
the class.
A. shall start B. would start C. had started D.
start
54._____ the English examination I would
have gone to the concert last Sunday.
A. In spite of B. But for C. Because of D. As for
55. Mary_______ my letter; otherwise she
would have replied before now.
A. has received B. ought to have received
C. couldn’t have received D. shouldn’t have
received
56. John did not feel well yesterday; otherwise
he _______to see his classmates off.
A. came B. would come C. would have come D.
should be coming
58. Without the dreams of the youth, this
invention might_______ for a century.
A. have been postponed B. has been postponed
C. postpone D. be postponed
59. In the past men generally preferred that
their wives______ in the home.
A. worked B. would work C. work D. were
working
60. For a child to give up his less mature idea
for a more mature one, it requires that the child
_____
psychologically ready for the new idea.
A. is B. were C. be D. would be
63. The board deemed it urgent that these
files____ right away.
A. had to be printed B. should have been
printed
C. must be printed D. should be printed
65. It is appropriate that some time
______thorough study of the results of the
Apollo mission.
A. devotes to B. devoted to C. is devoted to D.
be devoted to
答案与详解
1．A．条件句表示与现在事实相反的虚拟。
2．B．条件句表示与过去事实的虚拟。
3．A．条件句表示与未来事实的虚拟。
4．B．条件句表示与未来事实的相反。
5．C．条件句表示与现在事实的虚拟。
6．D．条件句表示与现在事实的虚拟。
7．B．这个句子中含有一个省略if，把助动词提前到主语they之前的虚拟条件句，该条件句表示对过去情况的假设，而主句中by the time they were finished 表明主句
也应该是对过去发生的情况的假设，因而应该选（B）would
have lost为正确答案。
8．（D）这道题目是一个混合虚拟语气的句子。条件句省略了if，把助词had提前到主语前面，表示对过去情况的假设，而主句中now表明了对现在情况的假设，所以应选would(should, could, might)+动词原形这种表达形式。四个选项中只有（D）是正确表达形式，故为正确答案。
9．（D）until recently，因此（D）是正确答案，而主句是隐含的对现在情况的假设，该句是一个混合虚拟条件句。
10．（B）假设的情况有时不是用一个条件句表示，而是隐含在一个由介词如but for、but that、without, 由连词but、副词otherwise 、比较级、形容词、独立主格等表示的上下文中。本句主句表示对过去情况的假设，但事实上由于英语考试而没有去成，即若不是因为英语考试，我本可以去听音乐会，所以应选But for为正确答案。
11．（C）题目中的第一句话表示的是现在真实的情况，而第二句话中所要表达的是应该做但事实上没有做的事，这种情况导致第一句话中真实情况的发生，故If only条件句假设的是过去一种情况，因此应该用had +过去分词，所以正确答案是（C）。
12．D．注意主句now表示现在的时间状语，所以主句是对现在虚拟，从句是对过去虚拟。
13．A．从句对过去的虚拟。
14．B．从句表示虚拟，而主句是事实。
15．（D）it是形式宾语，urgent是宾语补足语，that引导的从句是真正的宾语从句，该从句的内容被认为是urgent（急迫的），这样从句的谓语动词要求用虚拟语气形式，即should（可以省略）+动词原形。因此，本题正确答案是（D）。
16．（C）在表示要求、愿望、建议、请求、命令等含义的名词同位语从句中，从句谓语动词要用虚拟语气形式，即should(可以省略)+动词原形。
17．（D）本道题目的前半句话是对过去情况的一种假设，但事实上并没有发生，而事实上没有发生的真实原因是句子的后半部分由but引导的转折句所表述的真实。因而but所引导的句子中应该用表示志过去事实相符合的表陈述的时态，即一般过去时。
18．（B）此题要求在if从句中选择适当的动词形式，以主
句中的动词apologize(抱歉)来看，if从句中表达的内容应该是过去做的事，因此可以排除（A），因为（A）是现在时。（C）中should+have+过去分词结构表示本来应该做却没有做的事，在此不合题意。（D）选项中的might+have+过去分词表示对过去发生的事情很不肯定的猜测，它表达的内容还不能成为事实，所以藉此道歉真是不知从何说起，因此此处也不合题意。（B）had offended表示当时已经发生了的动作。这是复杂条件句：apologize 是现在，而条件句是表示对过去假设的条件句。
19．（A）该句也是一个复杂条件句（或称作混合虚拟条件句）。条件句表示对过去情况的假设，而主句表示对现在情况的假设，但事实上却与此相反，所以正确答案应该是（A）。
20．（A）as if引导的从句要求用虚拟语气，表示同时或将来的情况，动词要用过去式（be动词用were）或would(could等)+动词原形，本句话中指的是当时的情况，所以要用过去式，故（A）是正确答案。
21．D．
22．D．
23．C．
24．A．
25．D．
26．（B）had not occurred表示对过去的虚拟，条件句中要用过去完成式，主句中要用should(would, could,
might)+动词原形的过去分词。
27．（B）had hoped是常见的要求其后的宾语从句用虚拟语气的句型,虚拟语气would+动词原形。
28．（C）表示对过去情况的假设，主句动词形式为would(should, could, might)+have+过去分词，条件句为过去完成式，if可以省略，但要把had提前主语前面。（B），（D）的表达不符合英语表达习惯，所以（C）是正确答案。
29．（A）suggest后面的从句要用虚拟语气形式，其形式为should（可以省略）+动词原形。
30．A．表示与现在相反的虚拟。
31．A．as though引导的与过去相反的虚拟。
32．D．felt是过去式，所以该句是由as though引导的与过去相反的虚拟。
33．D．as if引导的与现在事实相反的虚拟。
34．A．as if引导的与过去相反的虚拟。
35．C．
36．（D）would rather后接从句要求用虚拟语气，形式为过去式，表示对现在或将来的假设，或为过去完成式表示对过去的情况的假设。
37．（C）who引导的定语从句中的现在完成时表示动作业已发生，所以主句中表示的虚拟是针对已经发生了的行为，所以应该用过去完成式表示对过去的虚拟。
38．（B）
39．（C）这是一人含蓄虚拟条件句，通过介词短语without,表示潜在的一种假设，而主句中的情况也早已经发生，所以是对过去情况的一种假设，因此用would not have been
achieved这一形式。
40．（D）连so that引导的从句中要求用虚拟语气，表示一种假设，形式为might+动词原形。
41．（B）It is time that是一种要求从句用虚拟语气的常见句型。虚拟语气形式为动词的过去式。
42．（C）
43．（C）otherwise用来表示一种含蓄的虚拟假设，因为是对过去(yesterday)的情况的假设，所以应该用would
have come形式。
44．（B）所给的四个选项中没有一个表示对未来的情况的虚拟的形式should+动词原形，或是were to do，因此可以断定if引导的条件句在这里最真实的条件句，用一般现在时表示一般将来时，故（B）是正确答案。
45．（A）这是一个混合虚拟语气的句子，if条件句表示的是对过去情况的假设，而主句是对现在（now）的情况的假设，故用would tell形式。
46．C．
47．C．
48．C．
49．B．would rather引导的虚拟语气其谓语用过去式。
50．D．would as soon引导的虚拟语气，其谓语动词也用过去式.
51．B．
52．B．
53．B．
54．B．
55．C．注意单词otherwise引导虚拟语气。
56．C．同上。
57．A．注意词组for fear that
58．A．注意without
59．C．
60．C．
61．D．
62．B．
63．D．
65．D．
