2024年1月14日发(作者：)
托福听力tpo65section1 对话讲座原文+题目+答案+译文
Conversation1 ........................................................................................................ 1
原文 ................................................................................................................ 1
题目 ................................................................................................................ 3
答案 ................................................................................................................ 5
译文 ................................................................................................................ 5
Lecture1 ................................................................................................................ 6
原文 ................................................................................................................ 6
题目 ................................................................................................................ 9
答案 .............................................................................................................. 10
译文 .............................................................................................................. 11
Lecture2 .............................................................................................................. 12
原文 .............................................................................................................. 12
题目 .............................................................................................................. 15
答案 .............................................................................................................. 16
译文 .............................................................................................................. 17
Conversation1
原文
Listen to a conversation between a student and an employee in the housing office.
Employee: Hi. Here for your room key?
Student: Actually, no, I got a bill in the mail today.
Employee: Yeah, don’t worry about it. Some students got a second copy of their
housing bills. You can just ignore it if you’ve already paid.
Student: Yeah, no, actually it’s my phone bill. I just got it and it looks like there were
all these calls made during the summer break, and I wasn’t even here. I turned in my
room key at the end of last term.
Employee: Right, but do you remember making arrangements to have your phone
service turned off before you left?
Student: Was I supposed to do that?
Employee: Yeah, you were.
Student: I didn’t know that.
Employee: Yeah, it’s in the contract.
Student: What contract?
Employee: Okay, you had service with the phone company, right?
Student: Sure.
Employee: And you got a copy of the contract when you signed out.
Student: Yeah, I guess so.
Employee: Well, okay then, it’s buried in the details of the contract in fine print. And
I’ve got to admit that I might not have noticed it myself but I’ve dealt with two or
three other cases like this. And it does state that it’s your responsibility to cancel the
service.
Student: Really?
Employee: I’m afraid so. You might not have seen it, but it’s in there.
Student: But I thought that the housing office automatically shuts the service off
when the university closes for the summer break.
Employee: I’m afraid not. Classes may end for you, but the university doesn’t close
down. We have a whole summer program of short courses, so it’s likely that
someone who was enrolled in the summer program was assigned to your old room
and when they might plug the
Student: The service was already there. Oh, wow! I really made a stupid mistake.
Employee: Oh, well, don’t be too hard on yourself. There is a chance we could do
something. What was your old room number?
Student: Baker Hall, Room 622.
Employee: Okay. It looks like someone did stay there over the break. What I can do is
contact them and ask them to give us a call, then we’ll explain what happened and
we’ll give them your contact information.
Student: Okay, but what if you don’t get a reply.
Employee: Well, I hope that doesn’t happen, because if it does, then you are on your
own. Again, what it comes down to is this， you signed a contract with the phone
company, and there is really not much we can do to help you at this point.
题目
does the student go to the housing office?
A. To request a telephone for her dormitory room
B. To turn in the key to her dormitory room
C. To ask about an unexpected bill she received
D. To request an explanation about a bill she had already paid
mistake did the student make?
A. She forgot to pay her housing fee.
B. She did not cancel her telephone service.
C. She failed to clean out her dormitory room.
D. She forgot to return her dormitory key to the housing office.
does the man imply about the student with regard to her contract for
telephone service?
A. The student needs to show him the contract.
B. The student failed to pick up a copy of the contract from the housing office.
C. The student forgot to sign a copy of the contract.
D. The student did not read the contract carefully.
does the man imply about the telephone bill?
A. It might have been sent to the student by mistake.
B. It may be larger than the student expects.
C. The student may need to pay it.
D. The student should send it back to the telephone company.
5. Why does the student say this:
Student: Actually, no, I got a bill in the mail today.
Employee: Yeah, don’t worry about it. Some students got a second copy of their
housing bills. You can just ignore it if you’ve already paid.
Student: Yeah, no, actually it’s my phone bill.
A. To correct a misunderstanding
B. To apologize for interrupting the man
C. To thank the man for the information he has provided
D. To show her surprise at what the man just said
答案
C B D C A
译文
1. 旁白：听一个学生和住房办公室员工之间的对话。
2. 雇员: 你好。给您拿房间钥匙？
3. 学生: 事实上，没有，我今天收到了一张账单。
4. 雇员: 好的，别担心。一些学生得到了他们住房法案的第二份副本。如果你已经付了钱，你可以忽略它。
5. 学生: 不，其实是我的电话账单。我刚收到，看起来这些电话都是暑假打的，而我根本不在这里。上学期末我归还了房间钥匙。
6. 雇员: 好的，但是你还记得在你离开前把电话服务关掉了吗？
7. 学生: 我应该这么做吗？
8. 雇员: 是的，你需要。
9. 学生: 我不知道。
10. 雇员: 是的，合同上写着呢。
11. 学生: 什么合同?
12. 雇员: 你在电话公司服务过，对吧？
13. 学生: 当然。
14. 雇员: 你签字离开的时候拿到了一份合同。
15. 学生: 是的，我想是的。
16. 雇员: 好吧，合同里藏着极小的字体的细节。我得承认我自己可能没有注意
到，但我处理过两三个类似的案子。它确实声明取消服务是你的责任。
17. 学生: 真的么？
18. 雇员: 恐怕是这样的。你可能没看到，但它就在里面。
19. 学生: 但是我以为当学校放暑假的时候住房办公室会自动关闭服务。
20. 雇员: 恐怕不是。对你来说，课程可能结束了，但大学不会关闭。我们有一个完整的暑期短期课程项目，所以很可能参加暑期项目的人被分配到你的旧房间，当他们可能会把电话插上……
21. 学生: 服务已经开始了。哦，哇！我真的犯了一个愚蠢的错误。
22. 雇员: 别对自己太苛刻了。我们还有机会做点什么。你以前的房间号码是多少？
23. 学生: Baker厅622室。
24. 雇员: 好吧。看起来确实有人在休假期间待在那里了。我能做的就是联系他们，让他们给我们打一个电话，然后我们会解释发生了什么，之后会把你的联系方式给他们。
25. 学生: 好的，但是如果你没有得到回复怎么办。
26. 雇员: 我希望这不会发生，因为如果真的发生了，那你就得靠自己了。再说一遍，归根结底是这样的:你和电话公司签了合同，在这一点上我们确实帮不上什么忙。
Lecture1
原文
Listen to part of the lecture in a biology class.
Professor: Until about 30 years ago, scientific opinion was pretty much unanimous in
thinking that dinosaurs were cold-blooded creatures, and not warm blooded like
mammals and birds. What are these terms cold- and warm-blooded mean?
Well, they are imprecise terms, a little bit inaccurate, but for the sake of consistency,
I’ll continue to use them.
Warm-blooded animals, or technically, endothermic animals, are animals that use
their own metabolism to maintain a relatively high, generally constant body
temperature. They generate their own heat, whereas cold-blooded animals, uh,
technically called endothermic animals, cold-blooded animals rely on the
environment primarily to regulate their body temperature. And their body
temperature can actually vary a great deal depending on the temperature
surrounding them.
Now, as I said, mammals and birds are warm-blooded creatures, and we being
mammals, you’re familiar with, you know, your body stays pretty much the same
temperature all the time, whereas if you’ve ever seen, say, snakes or lizards you know,
basking in the sun on the rock, you can see the characteristic feature of a
cold-blooded creature that is using the environment to help regulate its body
temperature.
As I said, until about 30 years ago, dinosaurs were, because they seem to most
closely resemble reptiles, they were thought to be cold-blooded. Then about 30
years ago a number of scientists began to suggest the possibility that dinosaurs might
in fact be warm-blooded. This was very exciting for a variety of reasons.
Warm-blooded creatures are closer to us. They are more active. They move faster.
They can live in a wider range of environments than cold-blooded creatures. So a lot
of scientists kind of got on this bandwagon for warm-blooded dinosaurs. But
unfortunately, a lot of the evidence for dinosaurs possibly being warm-blooded is
indirect. Among the pieces of evidence is that the fossilized remains of dinosaurs
have shown that certain kinds of dinosaurs had feathers.
Now, feathers in birds, one of their main functions, apart from helping certain birds
to fly, is that they are an insulator. They preserve body heat, so by analogy, some
people are argued, well, ok, if they were feathered dinosaurs, maybe they had
feathers for insulation. Yes, maybe. But maybe not.
Another piece of indirect evidence is that some dinosaurs, uh, well, some dinosaur
remains have been found in areas, latitudes that today have arctic climates and
might in fact had very cold climates at the time that the dinosaurs were living there.
It’s hard to function as a cold-blooded creature in an arctic climate. Unfortunately,
we don’t have exact climate information. It’s only been suggested that these areas
might have been as cold as they are today. So again, this is not, you know, not a
knockdown argument in favor of dinosaurs being warm-blooded.
Another argument for the warm-blooded theory has to do with looking at the
anatomy of dinosaurs and at the similarities with warm-blooded animals. If you look
at what’s around today, well, let’s see, today anything that walks on two legs is
warm-blooded. That goes for humans and some other primates, and birds like the
ostrich, okay? Only warm-blooded creatures, you know, like ostriches, have upright
posture.
Alright, so proponents of the idea that dinosaurs were warm-blooded say, well, look
at dinosaurs, some of them had upright posture too. Coincidence? They say no, these
two-legged dinosaurs were warm-blooded too. Okay, but on the other hand, as far as
we can tell, dinosaurs lacked a body structure called the respiratory turbinate. Why is
that significant?
Respiratory turbinate are these complicated structures inside the nasal cavity. They
are aligned with soft tissue and their function is that as the air passes through these
complicated kinds of curlicue passages, air coming in is warmed up, so that
warm-blooded creature isn’t shocked by.. Its lungs aren’t shocked by receiving cold
air directly from the outside, which would really disturb its internal temperature. So
unless there are some other mechanism that we don’t know about, it seems that
these, that dinosaurs lacked this vital feature of all existing warm-blooded animals.
题目
is the main purpose of the lecture?
A. To explain the differences between dinosaurs and modern-day animals
B. To present evidence for a theory that dinosaurs were warm-blooded
C. To describe the body structures of recently discovered dinosaurs
D. To compare the fossils of warm- and cold-blooded dinosaurs
is evidence that some dinosaurs had feathers. According to the professor,
why does this support the theory that dinosaurs were warm-blooded?
A. Feathers prevented dinosaurs’ body heat from escaping.
B. Feathers show that dinosaurs were capable of flight.
C. Dinosaurs and birds descended from the same evolutionary ancestor.
D. Dinosaurs used feathers to absorb heat from the sun’s rays.
does the professor imply about regions that now have arctic climates?
A. They can probably support both warm- and cold-blooded modern animals.
B. They might have been warmer in the past than they are now.
C. They are areas in which dinosaurs were never able to live.
D. They are good sources of fossils of feathered dinosaurs.
does the professor mention ostriches?
A. To point out that not all birds are able to fly
B. To cite evidence that dinosaurs were cold-blooded
C. To show that not all birds have respiratory turbinates
D. To give an example of an animal with upright posture
is the professor's opinion of the theory that dinosaurs were warm-blooded?
A. It has changed our understanding of the term “warm-blooded.”
B. Thirty years ago it was not convincing, but today most evidence supports it.
C. It needs more evidence in order to be convincing.
D. Most of the evidence we have supports a different theory.
does the professor imply when she says this:
A. Warming up air may not be as important a function as many scientists believe.
B. Cold-blooded animals may use a different mechanism from warm-blooded
animals.
C. It is possible that dinosaurs had another way to warm up air they breathed.
D. Warm-blooded dinosaurs were probably very different from warm-blooded
animals today.
答案
B A B D C C
译文
请听生物课上的部分内容。
教授：直到大约30年前，科学界一致认为恐龙是冷血动物，而不是像哺乳动物和鸟类那样的恒温动物。这些冷血和恒温动物术语是什么意思呢？嗯，它们是不精确的术语，有点不准确，但是为了一致性，我会继续使用它们。恒温动物，或者从技术上说是吸热动物，是利用自身的新陈代谢来维持相对较高的、通常恒定的体温的动物。它们自己产生热量，而冷血动物，呃，技术上称为变温动物，冷血动物主要依靠环境来调节体温。它们的体温会随周围的温度变化很大。
如今就像我所说的，哺乳动物和鸟类是恒温动物，我们是哺乳动物，你很熟悉，你的身体一直保持几乎相同的温度，而如果你见过，比如说，你们知道的蛇或蜥蜴，他们在岩石上晒太阳，你可以看到冷血生物的特征，它利用环境来帮助调节体温。
就像我说的，直到大约30年前，恐龙，因为它们看起来最像爬行动物，被认为是冷血动物。大约30年前，一些科学家开始提出恐龙实际上可能是恒温动物的可能性。这是非常令人兴奋的，原因有很多。恒温动物和我们更接近。他们更活跃。他们移动得更快。与冷血动物相比，它们可以生活在更广泛的环境中。所以很多科学家都支持恐龙是恒温。但不幸的是，很多恐龙可能是恒温动物的证据都是间接的。证据之一是，恐龙的化石遗迹表明，某些种类的恐龙有羽毛。
鸟类的羽毛，除了帮助某些鸟类飞翔之外，它们的主要功能之一是充当绝缘体。它们可以保存体温，所以通过类推，一些人认为，好吧，如果它们是有羽毛的恐龙，也许它们有羽毛是为了保暖。是的，也许吧。但也许不是。
另一个间接证据是，一些恐龙，嗯，一些恐龙遗骸在今天的北极气候地区被发现，事实上，恐龙生活在那里的时候，那里的气候可能非常寒冷。在北极的气候下，冷血动物很难发挥作用。不幸的是，我们没有确切的气候信息。只有证据表明这些地区可能和现在一样寒冷。所以，这并不是，你知道的，支持恐龙是温血动物的有力论据。
温血理论的另一个论据与恐龙的解剖结构以及它们与温血动物的相似性有关。如
果你看看现在的世界，嗯，让我们看看，今天任何用两条腿走路的动物都是温血动物。这适用于人类和其他一些灵长类动物，还有像鸵鸟这样的鸟类，明白吗？只有温血动物，比如鸵鸟，才有直立的姿势。
好吧，恐龙是恒温动物的支持者说，看看恐龙，有些恐龙也有直立的姿势。巧合吗？他们说不是，这些两足恐龙也是恒温动物。但另一方面，据我们所知，恐龙缺乏一种叫做呼吸鼻甲的身体结构。为什么这很重要呢？
呼吸鼻甲是鼻腔内复杂的结构。它们与软组织相连，它们的功能是当空气穿过这些复杂的卷曲通道时，进来的空气被加热了，所以恒温动物不会感到震惊。它的肺部不会受到直接从外部吸入的冷空气的影响，因为冷空气会扰乱它的内部温度。所以除非有其他我们不知道的机制，恐龙似乎缺乏所有现存温血动物的这一重要特征。
Lecture2
原文
Listen to part of a lecture in a psychology class.
Professor: There’s a common notion that psychology is about what’s wrong with
people, but psychology also offers us important tools for living happier, for getting
more satisfaction out of life. And a key concept in the field of health psychology is
resilience.
When resilient people face adversity, they generally refuse to be discouraged. So
when a negative event occurs, say, losing a job or another major setback, are they
like, uh, “why did this happen to me?” or do they try to bounce right back and
perhaps learn something meaningful. This attitude, this tendency to deal with
difficulties in a positive way is what we call resilience.
Resilient people don’t generally feel like victims or feel sorry for themselves or
complain a lot when things go wrong. Instead, they use active coping mechanisms.
Active coping includes things like finding social support and reframing stressful
situations in a positive light. And research shows that using active coping
mechanisms is associated with an improved sense of well-being.
Take this scenario. The psychology department here recently started offering some
courses online over the internet, but before students can enroll, they have to master
some fairly complicated computer skills. Some students get frustrated easily and
perceive this challenge to be insurmountable. They just sit around complaining.
But students who are more resilient find a way to learn the technology. They even
seem to like the challenge, even when it’s more difficult than they expected and not
much fun, unlike the first group who just throw up their hands.
What I’m talking about is persistence, coming back again and again after repeated
failures. Persistence is another aspect of resiliency, and so is seeking to learn from
adversity, realizing the value of what we take away from one challenge and using it to
help us tackle the next challenge.
Think of resilience as a set of personality traits that predisposed someone to
approach a difficult situation as a challenge that can be overcome and that might
even offer an opportunity for some deeper understanding.
Female Student: So do you think resilient personality traits are inborn or are they
learned, acquired somehow?
Professor: Well, I don’t want to go into biology, but there’s some evidence that you
are born with a certain predisposition, let’s say. So you have a genetic factor there.
However, if you are raised in a family where people have a lot of energy, where
parents coach their children through adversity, that predisposition isn’t going to
affect you as much as the environment in which you are raised.
Now, having said that, if you’re raised in a home where it tends to be negative, that’s
going to affect how you see the world, but not irreparably, you can have other adults
in your life, other than your parents, what we call natural mentors, who can model
and encourage resilient behavior, maybe a grandparent, or neighbor or a coach who
inspires you to practice harder after losing again.
Male Student: Say once you are an adult and you are out of school living on your own,
is it possible to teach yourself to become more resilient?
Professor: Well, historically, the predominant view was that personality was pretty
much set by age 30, but recently we found evidence suggesting that fundamental
personality traits such as agreeableness and willingness to take risks can change to
some degree.
One major survey found that experiences like education, jobs, and parenting can
alter personality and generally for the good. For example, holding down a job
requires that a person be conscientious and organized, so people tend to become
more responsible as they age. So while it does get harder to change the older we get,
it is possible.
But to be more specific about your question, how can we become more resilient?
Well, first we need to identify traits we have that make us less resilient. Which traits
might fit into that category?
Female Student: Uh, impatience or fear of failure?
Professor: Sure, also being overly critical of ourselves, demanding perfection. By
becoming aware of such tendencies, it may be easier to block or ignore them when
they get in our way. But we should also identify our traits that can help us become
more resilient. Like perfectionists tend to be very good at setting goals, so they could
set a new goal, becoming more resilient. It also helps to ask the support of friends, to
encourage them, like those frustrated psychology students I mentioned earlier. A
friend could help them identify what’s blocking them, fear of breaking the computer
maybe, and reassure them, and also stress the rewards of taking online courses, like
getting a good education or finding a whole new career.
题目
is the main purpose of the lecture?
A. To discuss the relationship between a person's personality and his or her age
B. To describe a set of personality traits that are helpful in dealing with problems
C. To explain recent findings about personality formation
D. To describe some personality traits that are mainly genetic in nature
does the professor mention online courses being offered by the psychology
department?
A. To give an example of a problem faced by the psychology department
B. To contrast two ways of responding to a challenge
C. To point out that online courses can lead to a career in health psychology
D. To encourage students to register for courses
point does the professor make about natural mentors?
A. They are usually parents.
B. They do not necessarily have resilient personalities.
C. They appear to be born with resilient personality traits.
D. They can help young people deal with negative situations.
ing to the professor, how do the demands of working at a regular job affect
a person?
A. They often test a person's resilience.
B. They can lead to positive personality change.
C. They may lead a person to change jobs frequently.
D. They provide perfectionists with opportunities for job satisfaction.
ing to the professor, what can people do to become more resilient? [Click on
2 answers.]
A. Become aware of their positive and negative personality traits
B. Take an online psychology course
C. Ask others for help
D. Avoid setting goals that are overly ambitious
does the professor say this:
So when a negative event occurs, say, losing a job or another major setback, are they
like, uh, “why did this happen to me?” or do they try to bounce right back
A. To share how she felt about negative experiences in her own life
B. To indicate how people normally feel under challenging circumstances
C. To suggest a question that leads to a deeper understanding of oneself
D. To illustrate an important concept by describing its opposite
答案
B B D B AC D
译文
请听心理学课上的部分内容。
教授: 人们普遍认为，心理学是关于人们的问题，但心理学也为我们提供了重要的工具，让我们生活得更快乐，让我们从生活中获得更多满足。健康心理学领域的一个关键概念是恢复力。
当适应力强的人面对逆境时，他们通常不会气馁。所以当一件消极的事情发生时，比如，丢了工作或另一个重大挫折，他们会不会像，呃，“为什么这种事会发生在我身上？”还是他们会试着迅速恢复过来，也许学些有意义的东西。这种态度，这种用积极的方式处理困难的倾向，就是我们所说的恢复力。
适应力强的人通常不会觉得自己是受害者，不会自怨自艾，也不会在事情出错时抱怨太多。
相反，他们使用积极的应对机制。积极应对包括寻找社会支持，以积极的态度重新定义压力情况。研究表明，使用积极的应对机制与改善幸福感有关。
把这拿个场景举例子。心理学系最近开始在网上开设一些课程，但在学生注册之前，他们必须掌握一些相当复杂的计算机技能。有些学生很容易受挫，认为这种挑战是无法克服的。他们只是坐在那里抱怨。但适应力更强的学生找到了学习这项技术的方法。他们甚至似乎喜欢挑战，即使挑战比他们预期的要难，也没有多少乐趣，不像第一组人只是举手投降。我说的是坚持，在多次失败后，一次又一次地重新来。坚持是坚韧的另一个方面，从逆境中学习，意识到我们从一个挑战中学到的价值，并利用它来帮助我们应对下一个挑战也是坚韧的另一个方面。
我们可以把恢复力看作是一组人格特征，它使人倾向于把一个困难的情况当作一个可以克服的挑战，甚至可能提供一个机会，让人们有更深的理解。
女学生: 所以你认为坚韧的人格特质是天生的还是后天习得的？
教授: 我不想深入研究生物学，但有一些证据表明你天生就有某种特定的倾向。所以你有一个遗传因素。然而，如果你成长在一个充满活力的家庭，父母指导孩子度过逆境，这种倾向对你的影响不会像你成长的环境那么大。
现在，已经说过，如果你的家庭中，往往是负面的，这是会影响你如何看待世界，但不是造成不可挽回，你可以有除了你的父母其他成年人在你的生命中，我们称之为自然的导师，谁能模型和鼓励恢复力行为，也许是祖父母或者是邻居，或者是鼓励你在再次失败后更加努力训练的教练。
男学生: 比如说，一旦你长大成人，离开学校独自生活，有没有可能教会自己变得更有恢复力？
教授: 从历史上看，主流观点认为，性格基本上是在30岁时设定的，但最近我们发现证据表明，基本的性格特征，比如随和和愿意冒险，可以在某种程度上改变。
一项主要的调查发现，教育、工作和养育孩子等经历可以改变人的性格，总的来说是好的。例如，保住一份工作需要一个人有责任心和有条理，所以随着年龄的增长，人们往往会变得更有责任感。因此，尽管随着年龄的增长改变确实变得越来越难，但这是有可能的。
但更具体地说，我们如何才能变得更有恢复力？首先，我们需要找出那些让我们缺乏恢复力的特质。哪些特征可能符合这一类？
女学生: 急躁或者害怕失败？
教授: 当然，对自己也过于挑剔，要求完美。通过意识到这种倾向，当它们妨碍我们时我们可能会更容易阻止或忽视它们。但是，我们也应该确定我们的特质，这些特质可以帮助我们变得更有恢复力。完美主义者往往很擅长设定目标，所以他们可以设定新的目标，变得更有恢复力。寻求朋友的支持，鼓励他们，就像我
之前提到的那些沮丧的心理学学生一样。朋友可以帮助他们找出阻碍他们的因素，也许是害怕电脑坏掉，让他们安心，还可以强调参加网络课程的好处，比如接受良好的教育或找到一份全新的职业。
