2024年1月9日发(作者：)
第二十讲
倒 装
一、语法倒装
1 . 虚拟条件句中的倒装
如果虚拟条件句中的谓语部分含有were, had 或should, 可以把它们放在句首, 省去连词
if, 变成倒装句。例如:
Were it not for your help, have got what I have today . 要是没有你的帮助, 我
就不会有今天。
Had I known it earlier, have lent him the money . 要是早知道这件事, 我就
不会把钱借给他了。
Should he act like that again, he would be punished . 要是他再这样干,他就要受到惩罚。
2 . 当句首为here, there, now, then, such 等副词, 谓语动词为be, go, come 等时, 句子的主
谓要求倒装
Here is the book you want . 你要的书在这儿。
There goes the bell . 铃响了。
Now comes your turn . 现在轮到你了。
Then came the order to take off . 起飞的命令到了。
Now is the hour when they say goodbye . 他们告别的时候到了。
Note: ①若主语为人称代词, 则不用倒装。例如:
There he comes ! 他来了!
Here they are . 他们在这儿。
A:Where is the key ?
B: Here it is .
Behind the counter she stood , beautiful and pale .
②副词或介词+ with + 其他成分是一种表示祈使命令的倒装结构, 句中省略了动
词。例如:
In with you ! 你进来!
Up with the wallet !捡起那个钱包!
On with your clothes ! 穿上你的衣服!
Down with it ! 撕下它! ( = Take it down !)
Off with your caps ! 脱去你们的帽子! ( = Take off your caps !)
Out with it ! 说出来! ( = Speak it out !)
3 . so can we 和so he is
如果前面句子中所说的情况也适合后面的句子, 后面的句子常用so(肯定句) , nor, either
, no more(否定句)引导构成倒装句, 并且用do( does , did)代替实义动词。例如:
They can leave now, so can we . 他们现在可以离开了, 我们也能。
You have helped her, and so has she you . 你帮助过她, 她也帮助过你。( = and she has
helped you)
He loves the girl . So does she him . 他爱这个女孩, 这个女孩也爱他。
She respected me and so did I her . 她尊重我, 我也尊重她。
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788 第二十讲
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do it , nor can I . 你不能做这件事, 我也不能。
see the film last night , neither did she . 他昨晚没看电影, 她也没看。
understand his lecture, no more can I . 她听不懂他的演讲, 我也听不懂。
.. 但如果不是表示情况的适合, 而是表示对前面句子内容的同意或肯定, 则不能用倒装句。
例如:
He is a good student , so he is . 他是个好学生, 他的确是。
A:“Did Jack tell you to go there ?”“杰克告诉你去那里了吗?”
B:“He did . And so I did .”“他告诉了, 我也去了。”(不可说And so did I)
Note: 倒装结构中的nor 也可换为and nor 或but nor; 表示另一人或物“也不”时, 也可用
and neither。例如:
She did not do it , and nor(but nor ) did she try to .
You are not wrong, and neither is she .
4. 感叹句中的倒装
How happy the children are ! (表语前置)孩子们多幸福啊!
What a lovely birthday present the old lady has received ! (宾语前置)这位老太太收到
一份多好的生日礼物啊!
5. the more . . ., the more 结构中的倒装
The harder you work , the hap pier you feel . (状语前置、表语前置)你工作越努力, 就越
觉得快乐。
The more you study, the more you know . 你学得越多, 就知道得越多。(宾语前置)
6. 从句中关系代词或关系副词的倒装
tell where his home was . (宾语从句中表语前置)
Whatever I have is at your service . (主语从句中宾语前置)我所有的东西请随便使用。
However fast he may run, he will never catch up with Jim . (状语从句中状语前置)
7 .many a time 和next 等表示时间、次数或顺序的副词位于句首时常要倒装
Many a time have I seen her taking a walk alone . 我许多次看见她独自散步。(也可说
Many a time I have . . .)
Many a time in college years have we wandered in the hills . 在大学时代, 我们有许多次
在山中漫游。(也可说Many a time in college years we have . . .)
Of ten did she come to my home in the past . 她过去常常到我家来。(也可说She often
came . . .)
Of ten have I heard it said that it is a good book . 我常听人说这是一本好书。(也可说I
have often heard . . .) (也可说Very (或Quite) often I have heard . . .)
Twice within her li f etime has she been to England . 她一生中已两次到过英国。
Next came a man in his forties . 下一个来的是一个四十几岁的人。
Long did we wait before hearing from her . 我们等了很久才收到她的信。
Long did the hours seem while I waited there . 我在那里等的时候, 时间似乎过得特别
慢。
8 .well, so, gladly 等表示方式、程度的副词位于句首时常倒装
Well do I remember the day I saw her first . 我第一次见到她的那一天, 我记忆犹新。
Well did I know her and well did she know me . 我很了解她, 她也很了解我。
Gladly would I accept your proposal . 我很高兴接受你的建议。
Note: 下面句中的selfish 为形容词, 位于句首时表示强调, 要倒装。
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789 一、语法倒装
Sel f ish does our life make us . 生活把我们变得如此自私。
9 . 副词短语位于句首时, 常把主语与谓语倒装
On her le f t sat her husband . 她左边坐着她丈夫。
Beyond the river lives an old fisherman . 有个老渔夫住在河的对岸。
Among the guests was standing Mary . 玛丽站在客人中间。
10 . 行为动词的倒装
在含有情态动词的谓语中, 行为动词(有时连同宾语或补语)可以倒装表示强调。例如:
I have my duty to do, and do it I will .
Write a poem I cannot; let me write an essay instead .
11 . 定语、状语和宾语补足语的倒装
1)从句、不定式或介词短语等作定语修饰主语时, 通常紧跟在主语之后, 但如果定语成分过
长, 应将其放在谓语动词之后, 以使主语和谓语靠近, 其结构为: 主语+ 谓语+ 定语成分
He is a sly person who gets up to crafty tricks behind your backs and slander you . (优)
He who gets up to crafty tricks behind your backs and slander you is a sly person . (劣)
The time had come for the couple to have a serious talk and to break up their marriage . (优)
The time for the couple to have a serious talk and to break up their marriage had come . (劣)
2)动词的宾语过长时, 须将修饰动词的状语移到宾语之前, 其结构为: 动词+ 状语+ 宾语
She was unable to get across to him what she really thought and meant . (正)
She was unable to get what she really thought and meant across to him . (不妥)
A pretty girl wore around her neck a scar f which hung down to her waist . (正)
A pretty girl wore a scar f which hung down to her waist around her neck . (不妥)
3)宾语补足语一般应在宾语之后, 但宾语过长时, 应将其移到宾语之前, 结构为: 动词+ 宾
语补足语+ 宾语
She made clear her whole-hear ted support to the gigantic project . (正)
She made her whole-hear ted support to the gigantic project clear . (不妥)
They pushed open all the windows that remained closed for a whole month . (正)
They pushed all the windows that remained closed for a whole month open . (不妥)
Note: 如果定语、状语或宾语补足语较短, 则不必倒装, 当然倒装也可以。例如:
He who cannot be angry is a fool , but hewho will not is a wise man . 不会发怒之人为
愚人, 不欲发怒之人为智者。( = He is a fool who . . .)
All that go to church are not saints . 去做礼拜者, 并非皆圣徒。( = All are not saints
that go to church . )
.. 下面一句中的it 可否省略? 试判断:
I have made it clear that all are not capable that are in high position . 身居高位者, 并非
皆贤才。
12 . of 短语的倒装
of 短语修饰主语或表语时, 如果太长, 可以把of 短语移到句首, 语气更强。例如:
Of how to protect the rivers and seas f rom being polluted, the question remains to be
settled . 如何保护江河海洋不受污染, 这个问题有待解决。
Of the f i f ty passengers, only three survived . 50 名乘客中, 只有3 人活了下来。
Of all human inventions in the twentieth century, the spaceship is perhaps the greatest .
在20 世纪人类的所有发明中, 航天飞机也许是最伟大的。
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二、修辞倒装
1 . 当“only+ 状语”位于句首表示强调时用倒装, 如不在句首或虽在句首但不修饰状语时用
正常语序
Only in this way can we learn English well . (倒装)
You can learn English well only in this way . (正常)
Only when you have obtained sufficient data can you come to a sound conclusion . (倒装)
You can come to a sound conclusion only when you have obtained sufficient data . 只有当
你获得足够的数据时, 你才能得出正确的结论。(正常)
Only af ter the accident did he become cautious . 只有在那次事故之后, 他才谨慎起来。
Only by working hard can one succeed . 只有努力才能成功。
Only thus can we finish the job ahead of schedule . 只有这样我们才能提前完成工作。
Only when one falls ill does one know the value of health . 只有生了病才知道健康的可
贵。
Only once have I seen him . 我只见过他一面。
2 . never 等具有否定意义或否定形式的词或词组居于句首时用倒装, 不居句首时则用正常
语序
这类词或词组常用的有:
never 从不seldom 很少
r arely 很少little 一点也不, 几乎没有
sca rcely 几乎不ha rdly 几乎不
not 不, 没有nowhere 没有地方
not often 不经常not a bit 一点也不
not until 直到..才still les s 更少
on no account 决不not on any account 决不
ha rdly . . .when 一..就no soone r . . .than 一..就
on no consideration 决不neithe r . . .( nor) 不.. (也不)
in no ci rcumstances 决不unde r no circumstances 决不
in no way 决不not on one..s life 决不
at no time 从不in no case 决不
by no means 决不in vain 无效, 没有用
not infrequently 经常not once or twice 许多次
not only ( 或merely , alone , simply . . .but also ( 或also , likewise) 不但..而且
Not in f requently does she go downtown . 她经常进城。( = very often)
Little did I know that she had already left . 我一点也不知道她已经离开了。( =
know at all that . . .)
Rarely does he go to the movies . 他很少看电影。
Not o f ten do they meet . 他们不常见面。
Nowherewas the lost car to be found . 丢失的车哪里都找不到。
Never in all my life have I heard such nonsense ! (倒装)
I have never heard such nonsense in all my life . (正常)我从未听到过这种胡说!
Not only was Churchill a statesman, but also a writer . (倒装)
Churchill was not only a statesman but also a writer . (正常)丘吉尔不仅是一位政治
家, 还是一位作家。
Note: 如果放在句首的否定词修饰句子的主语, 构成主语的一部分, 则不用倒装结构。例
大学英语语法———讲座与测试(第二版)
791 二、修辞倒装
如:
Scarcely a drop o f rain fell last month . 上个月几乎没下一滴雨。
Not a word was said . 一句话也没说。
但: Not a word did I say at the meeting . 我在会上一句话也没说。( not 修饰谓语
动词)
3 . 英语中有的让步状语从句可用as, though 等引起的倒装结构表示, 其结构一般为“形容
词(副词, 动词, 分词) + as( though) + 主语+ 谓语”
Young as she is , she has seen much of the world . 她虽然年轻, 但却见过很多世面。
Strange though it may appear, it is true . 看起来奇怪, 但却是真的。
Try as I might , I could not bring him round . 我虽然作了很大努力, 但还是说服不了他。
Detest him as/ though we may , we must admire what he has accomplished . 我们可能会
讨厌他, 但不得不羡慕他的成就。
Woman as she is , she is courageous . 她虽然是女人, 但却很勇敢。
Brave as he is, he trembles at the sight of a snake . 他虽然勇敢, 但看到蛇仍然会发抖。
Be a man ever so rich , he ought not to be idle . 人无论多富有都不该懒惰。( = No matter
how rich a man may be . . ., = However rich a man may be . . .)
Be he king or slave, he shall be punished . 无论他是国王还是奴隶, 都必须受到惩罚。
( = Let him be king or slave . . .)
Standing as it does on a hill, the temple commands a fine view . 这寺庙坐落在小山上, 风
景优美。(原因)
Situated as it was near a market , the house was very quiet . 这房子靠近集市, 但却很
安静。(让步)
比较:
Young as she was, she was equal to the task . 她虽然年轻, 但却胜任这项工作。(让步)
Young as she was , she was not equal to the task . 因为年轻, 她胜任不了这项工作。
(原因)
.. 判断下面的结构表示原因还是表示让步, as I do 为何成分:
Living , as I do, so remote from town , I rarely have visitors .
Note: that 引导原因状语从句时, 从句中的表语必须倒装。例如:
Coward that he was, he ran back as soon as the enemy attacked .
4 . 为加强语气,“so(such) . . .that”结构中的so 或such 位于句首时用倒装; to such a degree
(an extent) , to such lengths 等介词短语位于句首时也要用倒装
So f ast did he walk that none of us was his equal . (倒装)
He walked so fast that none of us was his equal . (正常)
Such was the force of explosion that all the windows were broken . (倒装)
The force of explosion was such that all the windows were broken . (正常)爆炸的力
量很大, 把所有的窗户都震破了。
So dark was it that see the faces of his companions . 天这么黑, 他看不见同
伴的脸。
To such lengths did he speak that everyone got bored . 他讲了很长时间, 大家都厌倦了。
5 . 为使句子平衡和上下文衔接用倒装
1)主语较长, 为使句子平衡, 倒装表语
On the f loor were piles of books, magazines and newspapers . 地板上是一堆堆的书、杂
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志和报纸。
Gone are the days when my hear t was young and gay .
Higher up were forests of maple trees . 上面那里是枫树林。
Seated on the ground were a group of students playing guitars .
Happy are those who are contented . 知足者常乐。
Happy is he who has a sound mind in a sound body . 身体健康、心智健全的人是幸福的。
Blessed are the pure in hear t , for they shall see God . 心地纯洁的人有福了, 因为他们能
看见上帝。
Handsome is that handsome does . 行为漂亮才是漂亮。( = He who does handsomely is
handsome . )
2)倒装宾语以求强调
The past one can know, but the future one can only feel . 一个人可以明知过去, 但只能
体悟未来。
What man has done man can do . 前人所能的, 后人也能做。
What he gave his mind to he mastered . 他用心学什么, 就能精通什么。
Every word he spoke to her, she felt as an insult . 他对她说的每一个字, 她都认为是侮
辱。
What he did I cannot imagine . 我想象不出他做了什么。
What you cannot af f ord to buy, do without . 你买不起的东西, 就不要买。
What will be the outcome, no one can tell . 后果会怎样, 没人知道。
3)为使句子与上下文衔接紧密
( Almost reluctantly she tore the envelope open . ) Folded in the card was a piece of paper
. Written on the card was a message under the printed Happy Birthday . . .(她几乎带
有几分勉强撕开了信封。)只见生日贺卡里夹着一张折起来的纸页。贺卡上印有“生日
快乐”的字样, 下面写着一句附言..
6 . 为了生动地描写动作, in, out, away, up, down, off 等副词可以放在句首倒装
Away f lew the bird ! 鸟扑地一声飞跑了! (陈述句: The bird flew away . )
Down went the boat !船沉了! (陈述句: The boat went down . )
Of f went Jack ! 杰克去了! (陈述句: Jack went off . )
Out rushed a missile from under the bomber . 一颗导弹从轰炸机下唰地一声射了出去。
Up went the rocket into the air . 嗖的一声火箭上了天。
Note: 上述结构若主语为代词, 则用正常语序。例如:
Away they went . 他们走了。(陈述句: They went away . )
Over it turns ! 它翻过来了! (陈述句: It turns over . )
7 . 在比较状语从句和方式状语从句中用倒装
在复合句中, than 或as 引导的分句, 如果谓语动词省略或表语省略, 且是两个句子的主语
相比较时, 要用倒装, 助动词放在主语前。例如:
She works as hard as does anyone else in the factory .
John will give you more than will Jack . 约翰给你的将比杰克多。
He is as responsible a man as are you . 他像你一样地负责任。
He travelled a great deal as did most of his f riends . 他到过很多地方旅行, 他的多数朋
友也是这样。
Harry is unusually tall , as are his brothers . 哈瑞的个头特别高, 他的兄弟们也都是高
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793 测试练习︵二十︶
个子。
He was honest and diligent , as were most of his classmates .
He believed, as did the whole class, the window had been broken the night before .
Flying demands a much greater supply of energy than do most other forms o f transportation
.
I spend less than do most of them . 我花费的比他们大多数人都少。
.. 注意下面一句:
In winter, the closer to the Nor th Pole, the shorter is the day . 冬季里越靠近北极白天
就越短。
8 . 在宾语从句为直接引语的句子里, 若全部或部分直接引语位于主句之前常用倒装; 若作
宾语从句的直接引语置于主句之后用正常语序
“Help ! Help !”shouted the boy . (倒装) (也可说the boy shouted)
The boy shouted,“Help ! Help !”(正常)“救命! 救命!”孩子喊道。
“I am sure,”said Jack“, you are right”. (倒装) (也可说Jack said)
Jack said ,“I am sure you are right”. (正常)杰克说:“我相信你是对的。”
“No sir, ”replied the girl ,“I want to go home .”“不, 先生, 我要回家去。”那女孩回答
道。(也可说the girl replied)
“ do it ,”he had said .“我做不了这个。”他说。(有助动词时不可倒装)
9 . 某些习惯说法中用倒装
How goes it with you ? 你好吗? ( = How are you ?)
How came it that she knew the secret ?她怎么会知道那个秘密的? ( = How did it come
that . . .)
What mattered it ?这有什么关系?
What care I ? 管我什么事?
What signi f ies it ? 这是什么意思?
10 . not it 结构
在否定回答中, not 有时放在主语前面。例如:
“Will it rain ?”“ Not it .”“会下雨吗?”“不会。”( = It will not rain . )
“Are you ready ?”“Not I .”“你准备好了吗?”“我没有。”(也可用me )
“I think you can come tomor row .”“ Not we .”“我想你们明天能来。”“我们不能来。”(也
可用us)
测试练习(二十)
一、选择填空
1 . In each room ten students .
A . are B . is C . there is D . there was
2 . from the tenth floor when the policeman pointed his pistol at him .
A . Jumped down the burglar B . Down the burglar jumped
C . The burglar jumping down D . Down jumped the burglar
3 . do we go for picnics .
A . Certainly B . Sometimes C . Seldom D . Once
4 . Only when you have acquired a good knowledge of grammar write cor rectly .
A . you will B . you can C . can you D . you
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5 .Wood does not conduct elect ricity, .
A . rubber B . rubber
C . nor does rubber D . nor rubber does
6 . They have all got up , and .
A . Jack has too B . so has Jack
C . D . also has Jack
7 . Not only be interesting to us , but also its English will help us in composition .
A . the novel will B . will the novel C . is the novel D . the novel is
8 . Little of passing the coming examination .
A . I thought B . I think C . did I think D . shall I think
9 . Hardly his speech the audience star ted cheering .
A . did he finish . . .than B . does he finish . . .before
C . have he finished . . .while D . had he finished . . .when
10 .We failed to catch the train, .
A . so they did B . so did they C . neither they did D . neither did they
11 . about phonetics for you to read .
A . A book is B . Here is a book C . Here a book is D . There the book is
12 .“Where is the man we talked about yesterday ?”
“There .”
A . he comes B . comes he C . he came D . came he
13 . Then of that time when he was a cowboy .
A . comes the memory B . the memory comes
C . came the memory D . the memory came
14 . Busy he is, he can fulfill the task ahead of schedule .
A . because B . as C . no matter how D . although
15 . a research student , I would at least master two foreign languages .
A . Should I become B . I should become
C . Would I become D . Have I become
16 . , be able to do it alone .
A . However you t ry hard B . You t ry hard however
C . However hard you try D . Hard you try however
17 . No sooner had he found his purse missing he cried and shouted loudly .
A . when B . than C . before D . while
18 . Often not to touch the poisonous chemical .
A . does For t warn us B . Fort warned us
C . Fort warns us D . had For t warned us
19 . By no means create or destroy energy .
A . we can B . C . can we D . shall we
20 . Against the wall on the opposite side .
A . there stand two cupboards B . two cupboards stand there
C . there two cupboards stand D . stand two cupboards
21 . Rarely such a silly thing .
A . have I heard of B . I have been heard of
大学英语语法———讲座与测试(第二版)
795 测试练习︵二十︶
C . have I been heard of D . I have heard of
22 . Then we had been looking forward to .
A . came the hour B . the hour came
C . comes the hour D . the hour is coming
23 . that the fly through it .
A . The storm so severe was B . So severe was the storm
C . So the storm was severe D . Such was the storm severe
24 .“That English fellow..s songs are very poetic .”
“ the words to the songs, but he also composes the music .”
A . He also writes B . Although he writes
C . Not only does he write D . It is not all that he writes
二、辨认错误
1 . Scarcely Professor John had finished
A
his lecture
B
when
C
the bell rang
D
.
2 .Under
A
no circumstances we should
B
do anything that will benefit ourselves but
C
harm the
interest
D
of the state .
3 . So instructive
A
the film was
B
the students wanted to
C
see it again
D
.
4 .Here
A
the engineer comes
B
you want
C
to see
D
.
5 .Never before
A
our motherland has
B
been as strong
C
as it is today
D
.
6 . No sooner had they
A
heard the alarm
B
when
C
they rushed
D
to the fire spot .
7 .Only
A
when you have acquired
B
a good knowledge of the field
C
you can
D
pass the exam .
8 . Nowhere else in
A
England I have
B
seen
C
that kind of tree
D
.
9 .It was not until
A
very recent times that
B
had the theory of“probability”
C
been looked
upon as hardly
D
more than a curiosity .
10 .Not until
A
1876 the first turbine engine
B
was
C
invented
D
.
11 .Neither
A
could theory do
B
without practice, nor
C
practice would
D
do without theory .
12 .The mathematician spoke about
A
his research
B
for two hours , but not a word
C
we could understand
D
