2023年12月18日发(作者：)
英语翻译讲义
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——三十五班
2010/11/25 王冉
hospital expenses made inroads on my savings.
这些住院费耗掉了我的大部分积蓄
killed a bottle of kaoliang between them.
他们二人对酌，把一瓶高粱酒喝得一干二净
would be one setback too many for him.
他再也经不住什么挫折了
it came to reading they were as good as blind.
一拿到书，他们就成了睁眼瞎
had weakened him. But his mind remind strong.
他虽然年迈体衰，但精神依然很好
had the luxury of opinions during the meeting.
语
我们在会议期间畅所欲言
fish in troubled water 浑水摸鱼
To add fuel to the fire 火上浇油
A gentleman’s agreement君子协议
is thicker than water血浓于水
ridicule poverty but not prostitute. 人们笑贫不笑娼
/doc/,st night, I heard him
driving his pigs to market
昨夜我听见他鼾声如雷
is being a good boy now 他现在正乖着呢！
e has long arms天网恢恢，疏而不漏
languages was almost unrestrained by any motive
of prudence
他们几乎爱讲什么就讲什么
talk about raising taxes was a red flag to many voters令人生气的
事情
a duck swim?当然喽！
knew I knew and she knew if she got funny I’d either
ruin the
romance or made her marry him , so she was very friendly.跟我过不去
potatoes 窝在沙发里的人
pay lip-service to education but don’t work for
better school.他
们口惠而实不至，口口声声支持教育，却又不肯为改善学校做一些实际工作作业：
Reagan was a mirror image of early Carte r里根刚上台时候的做法
上和执政时期的卡特别无二致
cannot exaggerate its importance.其实重要性无论怎么夸大其词也
不为过（cannot …+程度，表示无论怎样都不为过）
was so angry at her husband that she took it out on
her children.
她因和丈夫生气，就那孩子当出气筒
/doc/,nguage is shaped
by , and shapes ,humans thoughts.人们的思想形
成了语言，语言有形成了人们的思想
err is human and to mend is a supermemerit.人非圣贤孰能无过
people are really something. They get in with you
before they
can cash in on your innocence.这些人真有一套，他们先对你来软的，然后利用你的无知，在你身上打主意。
英汉词义：
ist market economy.社会主义市场经济
Intellectual property right.知识产权
The Middle East crisis 中东危机
Trading partners 贸易伙伴Main board 主板
2.虚假对应：
Sour milk 变质发酸的牛奶
Eat one ‘s words 承认自己的错话
Go back on one’s words食言
Salt solution 盐水（不是salt water）
Instant noodles 方便面Pop-quiz 课堂测试
(flame of ) war spread 战火扩大
Tough policies 强硬政策Vicious circle 恶性循环
4.一对多：
Wear:
The girl wears the slimness of her mother这个女孩向他母亲一样苗条
I will wear his love in my heart’s core forever 我将永远把他的爱深藏心底Challenge:
I challenge my own conclusion 我重新考虑我的结论
Recent discoveries have challenged their old notions.新的发现使他们对旧的想法产生怀疑
standard 生活水平Confucianism 儒教
Production capacity 生产水平Technical skills 技术水平
Artistic attainment.艺术水平Taoism 道教
Cyber slacker 利用工作时间在公司上网的人
6.词类比较法：
We think that your act is a violation of the principle of peace
talk.我们认为你的这一行动违背了和平谈判的原则
In point of fact, the question of rightness or wrongness
simply does not enter in the dispute. (争论，辩论) （谁是谁非）
He directs a testing center 他是一个实验中心的主任
It is wise of the country to deal with the delicate problem
with care and calmness.这个国家仔细谨慎地处理这一敏感问题很是理智Neutrons act differently from protons.种子的作用不同于质子
He is eloquent and elegant.他有口才有风度
7.作业：
He proved to be a very good listener.他善于听取别人的意见
For all your explanations , I understand no better than before.尽管你做了解释，我还是不懂
Differences between the social systems of states shall not be
an
obstacle to their approaches and cooperation.各国社会制度不同，但不应该妨碍彼此接近于相互合作
The theory is something but practice is everything.理论固然
重要，实践尤其重要
Rapid evaporation at the heating-surface tends to make the
steam wet.加热面上液体的迅速蒸发，往往使蒸汽的湿度变大
Those small factories are also lavish consumers of materials.那些小工厂还消耗着大量的原材料
［given］prep 考虑到.a. 规定的假设的有癖好的有倾向的Eg.1.
He is given to drinking heavily. 他酒瘾很大
2. Given their in expiries…
第四讲增词法：（主要运用于以下情况）
1.增加省略的词
2.增加必要的连接词
The classroom was full of activity.教室里充满了活跃的气氛Traffic decreases on holidays. 节假日行人车辆较少Correctness 正确性 dependence 依赖性 arrogance 傲慢态度Commercialization
商业化 jealousy 嫉妒心理
We won’t never retreat; we never have and never will.
我们决不会退缩，以前没有，将来也不会有
You must change with the times.你必须随着时势的转变而转变One great motherland is flourishing with each passing day 我们的祖国蒸蒸日上
The true joy of joys is that joys in the joy of others
与人同乐才是真乐
The blood-red sun sank below the horizon 火红的太阳沉入地平线The house has a very fine situation 这个房子有一个很好的位置
I’m warning you for the last time. 我最后一次警告你
作业：（前四个注意使用增词技巧，后四个省略技巧）
’s where we differ 这就是我们的分歧之所在
was a little man with thick glasses.他个子小，戴着一副
厚厚的眼镜
a free man ,he was now in chains.他本来是自由人，现
在却带上了镣铐
could not make a decision about the dress.他对买不买衣
服下不了决心
in Rome , do as the Romans do.入乡随俗
was timid about investing money.他不敢投资
speaker switched the conversation from one subject to
another. 发言人转变了话题
population in and around San Francisco is now ten
times
more than t was in 1906.现今的旧金山市区和郊区的人口已是1906年的十倍以上
第五讲：正反转换
一、英语正说，汉语反说
’s bad at getting along with his fellows.
careless, more loses the whole game.一着不慎满盘皆输
pays to be honest.老实人不吃亏
have simply reached the limited of our patience.
我们简直到了忍无可忍的地步了
father went grey when he was in his late thirties.
我父亲不到四十岁就双鬓斑白了
is what we want most , but what , alas , many use
worst.时间是我们最缺少的，但可叹之至，偏偏许多人最不善
于利用时间
appealed against the judge’s decision .他不服法官
判决而上诉
二、汉语反说，英语正说
Not…until…直到……才……
Hardly (scarcely)… when (before)……刚……就…….
Cannot…too…再……也不为过
cannot describe the beauty of the scene.
用语言很难形容这优美的景色
the articles are untouchable in the museum.
博物馆内一切展品禁止触摸
can’t see through the telescope until it is adjusted
to your eyes.只有把望远镜跳到适合你的目光，你才能看见东西’t lose time in posting this letter.赶快把信寄出去
a month goes by without traffic accidents occurred
in that city.这个城市几乎月月都有交通事故
couldn’t turn on the TV without seeing
advertisements
一打开电视，你就总会看见广告
flight couldn’t long escape notice.这类飞行迟早总会
被人发现的
三、同一词语，肯定否定均可
place is strange to me.
station is no distance at all.
’s no less than a fraud.这简直是场骗局
works of art were left intact , the money gone.艺
术品还在，钱没有了
Practice:
1.正说反译：
a)The first bombs missed the target.第一批炸弹没有击中目标
b)I hate to say good-bye.我真不想告辞
c)My father will kill me when he finds out.我把钥匙知道了绝
饶不了我
d)The explanation is pretty thin.这个解释相当不充分
e)The newspaper accounts are far from being true报纸的报道
远非事实
f)His mother is anything but angry.他妈妈一点也不生气
2.反说正译：
a)The doubt was still unsolved after his repeated
explanation 虽然他一再解释，疑团仍旧存在
b)Students, with no exception, are to hand their papers
this afternoon. 今天下午学生统统要交作业
c)No one but a great philosopher could solve such a
question.
只有大思想家才能解决这样的问题
d)The significance of these incidents wasn’t lost on us.
这件事引起了我们的重视
e)You can’t be too careful.你要格外小心
f)You can learn in on time at all.你马上就学会了
was all I could do not to laugh.我差点笑出来
He is no child at poker.他是打牌老手
Nowadays, few academic lectures of traditional style rise
above dullness. 当今，多数传统模式的学术讲座都是乏味的
The problem is much alive.这个问题远远没有解决
We must be content with moderate hopes. 我们不能抱有过高的期望
---“Can we go swimming?”
---I don’t see why not.为什么不呢？
第六讲：英语名词的译法
y after the family’s more to ;Lime Rock, paralysis
disabled Captain Lowes.刘易斯一家搬到莱姆洛克后不久，刘易斯中尉就因中纷纷瘫痪
r delay would cause us great loses.我们如果再耽搁，
将会蒙受很大损失
ght now tells us that travel to Mars is not impossible.
如果我们把眼光放长远一点，我们可知将来在火星上旅行不无可
能
4.A little forethought would have saved you much trouble
afternoon.你如果事先略作打算，后来也不至于有那么多麻烦、5.A man of less courage would not have dared to work inside
enemy headquarters.如果换一个勇气不足的人，就不敢在敌人心脏里工作
youth cult of the 60s is fast giving way to an older and
more settled life style.60年代流行的青年至上风气，现在正在迅速衰退，代之而起的是一种较为老练，安定的生活方式
say fear and caution are now a part of their daily
routine.有人说，现在总是提心吊胆的过日子
they wanted most was an end of uncertainties.那是他
们最渴望的是结束这摇摆不定的局面
sight of his native place called back his childhood.
见到自己的故乡，他想起了童年的情景
is Tsinghua vintage of 1996.她是清华1996年毕业生
is the day for our two peoples to rise to the height
of greatness which can build a new and a better world.现在该是我们两国人民为缔造一个崭新的，更加美好的世界而攀登这一伟大境界高峰的时候了
is more to their life than political and social and
economic problem; more than transient everydayness.他们的生活远不止那些政治的，社会的和经济的问题，远不止一时的柴米油盐的问题
’d tell you! They know every loophole, every back-alley.
他们会告诉你的！他们都知道各种钻空子的办法，各种障眼法及狡诈方法
is a bright student floundering because of poor study
habits.她是个聪明学生，但因为学习习惯不良而学得很吃力
in Lebanon has become an institution.在黎巴嫩，打仗交
货已经司空见惯
professor’s scholarly paper published in the
authoritative paper has extraordinary depth and solidity.
这位教授发表在该权威刊物上的学术论文立意及深，内容特别充实
Practice:
a)If the retired do not have pension big enough to live on,
their children in the sandwich generation will have to bear
the financial burden longer.退休人员如果没有足够的抚恤金，他们的子女将面临上有老下有小的双重
b)He was a paradox ---a loner who loved to chat to strangers.
他是一个矛盾人物---生性怪癖却又不喜欢和陌生人闲聊
c)Exotic pets are the latest status symbol.养珍禽异兽是代表
社会地位的最时尚的方式
d)His industry, perseverance and determination ultimately
brought him a rich harvest.他勤奋刻苦，坚持不懈，锲而不舍是最终给他带来了丰硕的收获
e)Pigs are a gamble this year.今年养猪能否盈利，很难说准
家庭作业：
war was a paradigm of the evil and destructive side of
human nature.这场战争充分显示了人性丑恶而又具有破坏性的一面
hasn’t happened in living memory.在世的人都不记得曾
经发生过这样的事
success is problematic.他们能否成功还很难说
consecrates; what is gray with age becomes religion.
时间考验一切，经得起时间考验的解释太离谱了
explanation strained my credulity too far.我觉得这样
的解释太离谱
wife served him a steady diet of complaints.他老婆总
是冲他抱怨个没完没了
7.A resurgent American economy would do more to restore
the
confidence of the world in its own future than anything else
we can do.如果美国经济复苏了，那就会比我们可以做的任何其他事情更能使世界恢复对前途的信心
第七讲:
一、英语形容词的译法
is a dapper sixty-three.他今年63岁，但身子骨却很硬朗
had some cheerful wine at the party.聚会时他喝了一些酒，
于是便浑身冒来劲
is now the proud owner of several cottages in some
beautiful cities.现在他在几个漂亮城市购置了小别墅，为此他颇为得意、
4.A tiny staggerer came suddenly rocking into the yard.一个
刚刚学步的小宝宝突然摇摇晃晃地走进院子
ng down the button of the alarm-clock, he curled up
for a last warm moment under the bed clothes.他把闹钟的按钮按下，躺在被窝里，享受最后一刻的温暖
矛盾修饰
Busy idleness 无事忙
Living death 过地狱般的生活
Painful pleasure 悲喜交集
A cheerful pessimist 纵情享乐的厌世者
Delicious tiredness 虽然累，但浑身舒坦
Eloquent silence 鸦雀无声，但此时无声胜有声
二、英语副词的译法
outsider’s success could even curiously help the two
parties to get the agreement they want.说来奇怪，一个局外人取得成功竟然能够使双方达成一项他们希望取得的协议
was expensively spoiled from the moment of birth.她从
故呱呱坠地，就一直受到万般宠爱，是一位用钱堆起来的“千金”
story is unchallengedly true.大家都认为他的话是无可辩
驳的事实
people consider her justifiably wrong.几乎没有人认为
她的错误时情有可原的
fact is brutally true.这件事千真万确，谁也不可否认
is admittedly reliable.他十分可靠，这是大家都公认的Practice:
a)Teenagers are very fashion conscious, especially girls.
青少年，尤其是女孩，很注意时尚
b)It is much better to have a patched jacket than to have a
patched character.宁可衣服上打补丁，也不要名声上打补丁c)The 8000 undergrads in this university enjoy almost
unparalleled access to some of the nation’s top scholars.
该大学有8000名本科生，他们接触国内一些一流专家学者的机会是其他学校无法比拟的
d)The children are very good company at this age.这个年龄段
的孩子们在一起玩得很开心
e)There is a growing realization that changes must be made.
越来越多的人认识到改革势在必行
第8讲：英，汉语言的差异（一）
一、词汇的形态变化差异
being neglected by the host added to his uneasiness.
主人对它的冷淡是他很不舒服
2.I could have laughed to hear him talk like this.听到他这
样讲话，我差点笑出来
二、语势差异
works for weight loss.经常饮水有利于减肥
can easily seen in his poems are his imagery and
originality power and range.他的诗形象生动，独具一格，而且气势磅礴，这是显而易见的
ssness caused his failure in this year’s college
entrance examination.由于粗心，他今年高考落榜了
4.I’m smelling of seven-day-old sweat.一星期没洗澡，一身臭味
man who is above his business may one day find his
business above him.不屑于干自己工作的人，终会有一天发觉自己不配干那份工作
6.I’m much abroad in my guess.我大错特错了
is a green hand.他初出茅庐，没什么经验
三、用词的复指差异
ation from English into Chinese is not so easy as that
from English into French.英译汉不如英译法容易
e in excess becomes fool hardiness, affection
weakness, thrift avarice.过度的勇气变为盲勇，过度的爱变为溺爱，过度的节俭变为贪婪
ody has a responsibility to the society of which he
is a part and through this to mankind.每个人都对他所属的社会有责任，通过社会对人类负担责任
never laugh when they ought to weep, or vice versa.
他们该笑的时候从来不哭，反之亦然
四、语言音律差异
roadside was packed with a noisy crowd of men and
women.路边挤满了男男女女，他们熙熙攘攘，正在买卖各种各
样东西
read the afternoon through while the cold November
rain fell from the sky upon the quiet house.深秋，冷雨
霏霏，屋里静悄悄的，他们看了一下午的书
’s vengeance is slow but sure.罪恶到头终有报，
只是来早与来迟
五、句子主语差异：
area is select.住在这个地区的人都是很有来头的
y is more important than life.无自由，吾宁死Assignment：
eal reform is useless.小改小革是无济于事的
holidays in workaholic Japan are not an institution.
在人人豆拼命工作的日本式没有放暑假这一回事的
y has never been kind to the place.这个地方长期以来
都是多灾多难的
felt creatively and emotionality sterile.她觉得自己缺
乏创造，精神也缺乏情感
thropic acts are a great pleasure and reading an
enjoyment.为善最乐，读书最佳
knowing her address, we could not get in touch with
her.
我们不知道她的地址，没法和她联系
第九讲：英汉语言的差异（二）
六、句子谓语的差异
the end of her four months in the hospital, was
pronounced incurably blind.彭太太住院治疗四个月，医生判定她永久性失明，无法治愈
a favorable location to traffic, the house has access
to efficient sunshine and overlooks the sea.这房子采光很好，全海景，地段也不错
七、句法逻辑的差异
1)英语重形合
had such a fright that she fainted.她吓得昏过去了。
was an intelligently organized and fervent meeting in
a packed Town Hall, with Mr. Strong in the chair.这是一次
精心组织的会议，市镇厅里济济一堂，热情洋溢，主持会议的是斯特朗先生
